Nanjing Earth Building： A Unique Large Rammed Earth Residential Building in Mountainous Areas

　　Nanjing Tianluokeng Tulou Group, the landmark building of Fujian Tulou in the night. Photo by Xiao Guohe

　　Southeast Network Zhangzhou November 10 (reporter Su Haisen of this website) Fujian Tulou, hometown of Nanjing. Nanjing, Zhangzhou is the hometown of Fujian Tulou and the main heritage site of Fujian Tulou, a world cultural heritage. It has more than 15,000 tulou, including more than 1,300 large tulou, which is called "Tulou Kingdom". The oldest, largest, smallest, tallest and most exquisite earth buildings are located in Nanjing County. In 2008, 20 earth buildings in Tianluokeng Earth Building Group, Hekeng Earth Building Group, Huaiyuan Building and Hegui Building in Nanjing County were upgraded to World Heritage sites.

　　On November 8, "E Road Peer ‘ Zhang ’ Charming "The 2019 national key online media interview group came to Nanjing County to visit and feel the charm of the unique large-scale rammed earth residential buildings in mountainous areas in the world.

　　In the interview group, many people saw tulou for the first time, and they were amazed at tulou architecture and its rich and rich culture. "Quiet and natural, folk art." This is the biggest feeling of People’s Daily reporter Chen Xiaozhen after visiting Yuchang Building, the oldest tulou in Nanjing, and Tianluokeng Tulou Group, the landmark building of Tulou in Fujian.

　　There are many earth buildings in Taxia Village, Nanjing, which are spectacular. Photo by Xiao Guohe

　　"The hard work and wisdom of Hakka people are shocking and admirable." Su Yuru, a reporter from the public network in the north, said that the form of settlement in which the same clan lives in the same building is basically invisible in the north. "In addition to living, tulou has the function of resisting foreign enemies, and this design is amazing."

　　It is reported that in 2018, the number of tourists received by Nanjing has exceeded 4 million, and the number of tourists received by Tulou has exceeded 2 million. "In recent years, the popularity of Nanjing Tulou has become higher and higher, and we have gradually explored ‘ Traditional culture+global tourism+tourism activity industry chain+tourism promotion output ’ A full industrial chain model with multi-format integration. " Liu Yongsheng, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Tulou in Nanjing County and director of Tulou Management Committee, said that with the increasing number of tourists in Tulou every year, the protective measures for Tulou in Nanjing County are constantly strengthening, such as fire safety, which is inspected by a large number of firefighters every day. In addition, the government’s funds for the protection and repair of earth buildings are also increasing.

　　Related links:

　　Representative scenic spots of Fujian Tulou (Nanjing) tourist scenic spot

　　Tianluokeng Tulou Group — — Fujian Tulou landmark building

　　Tianluokeng Tulou Group, a landmark building of Fujian Tulou, commonly known as "four dishes and one soup". Photo courtesy of Propaganda Department of Nanjing County Committee

　　Tianluokeng Tulou Group is a unique and mythical architectural model in mountainous areas in the world. It is a creative masterpiece of earthy architecture, which embodies the perfect combination of the oriental philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" and the architectural planning theory of "Feng Shui". It consists of five large-scale earth buildings, with a square building in the middle and three round buildings and an oval building around it. These earth buildings are undulating according to the mountain, patchwork and peculiar layout, and become the most exquisite combination group.

　　These earth buildings not only adapt to the requirements of living and defense, but also reflect the perfect integration of earth building settlements and natural ecological environment, and have strong architectural characteristics of mountain residential buildings. In May 2001, Tianluokeng Tulou Group was identified as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

　　Yuchang Building — — A strange garden of architecture slanting in the east and west

　　The wall of Yuchang Building, the oldest earth building in Nanjing with a history of more than 600 years, is well preserved. Photo by Chen Shuguang

　　Yuchang Building, built in 1308, is the oldest existing earth building in Fujian. Yuchang Building has five floors of 18.2 meters and 270 rooms. There are five stairs in the whole building, which are divided into five hexagrams. There are 22 wells in the kitchen on the ground floor, which is the earth building with the most wells in Fujian.

　　The most striking feature of Yuchang Building is that its columns are staggered, with a maximum inclination of 15 degrees, which looks shaky. However, it has stood the test of 700 years of wind and rain erosion and numerous earthquakes, and is still as close as ever, becoming a living specimen of ancient residential buildings.

　　Cloud and water ballads — — Graceful and agile Jiangnan style

　　The quaint ancient town of Yunshuiyao. Photo by Xiao Guohe

　　Yunshuiyao ancient town is an ancient village with a long history. The long ancient roads, century-old banyan trees, magical earth buildings and the clear water of Lingshan all give people a sense of detachment. The Yunshuiyao Scenic Area in Nanjing County has world cultural heritage, expensive buildings and Huaiyuan buildings, the highest, largest and most concentrated Millennium banyan trees in Fujian Province, a century-old street and a Millennium ancient road.

　　The ancient town of Yunshuiyao has two world-heritage earth buildings, as well as diaojiao building, bamboo pole building, mansion-style earth building and so on, with unique scenery. The unique natural landscape and unique human resources of Yunshuiyao ancient town have attracted groups of film directors and producers to take pictures here.

　　Huaiyuan Building — — The most exquisite tulou

　　Huaiyuan Building, with a history of over a hundred years, is a masterpiece of traditional residential architecture. Photo by Chea Chang

　　Huaiyuan Building is the best-preserved and most culturally meaningful double-ring round earth building in Nanjing, and it is also a typical representative of the corridor-style round building in Fujian. Huaiyuan Building has a complete defense function, and the outer ring earth building has four defense facilities, namely, anti-theft, anti-bandits, fire prevention and waterproof.

　　Huaiyuan Building has a very strong cultural atmosphere, which is an outstanding example of the perfect combination of all the architectural achievements of Fujian Tulou and Confucian culture, and it is also a physical witness of important historical events in modern China. In 2006, Huaiyuan Building was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

　　And your building — — The tallest square building

　　And your building in the early morning. Photo by Xiao Guohe

　　Hegui Building is a typical representative of the corridor-style square building in Fujian Tulou, and it is one of the few large-scale square buildings that still exist today. It was built in the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732) and formed ‘ Bao Lou, Bao Lou CuO ’ The plane layout of. Tulou people have always attached importance to culture and education, and a private school with "three rooms and one hall" has been built in the courtyard of your building.

　　And your building has high architectural research value. And the wall of your building is rammed with soil. The bottom wall is 1.4 meters thick and shrinks step by step. The total height of the wall is 17.95 meters, and the height-thickness ratio of the soil wall reaches 13: 1. Visible, as early as more than 200 years ago, Fujian Tulou has pushed the traditional rammed earth technology level in China to the peak. What’s even more amazing is that Heguilou, a square earth building resembling a castle, was actually built on a swamp of 3,000 square meters, which is still like an ark on land. Now it has passed through more than 200 spring and autumn. The ancestors of tulou created the cutting foundation construction technology with pine as the bottom, which successfully solved this technical problem, which is shocking enough. In 2001, Hegui Building was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

　　background information

　　Fujian Earth Building: Earth Building with Great Aesthetic Feeling

　　Overlooking the Tulou Group in Tianluokeng, the landmark building of Fujian Tulou. Photo by Xiao Guohe

　　Fujian Tulou came into being in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the development in the early and middle Ming Dynasty, it gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and it has continued to this day. Fujian Tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type, which absorbs the "Feng Shui" concept of China’s traditional architectural planning, adapts to the requirements of living and defense of living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in the mountains and local building materials such as raw soil, wood and pebbles.

　　The building materials of Fujian tulou are very strange, which are composed of clay, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips and water. The tulou built is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is very magical to resist typhoons and earthquakes. Fujian Tulou is an outstanding representative of China’s traditional culture "Fiona Fang" thought; It is a shining example of "harmony between man and nature" in China residential buildings; It is a historical witness to the peak of China’s rammed earth technology and national harmony; It is the most potential world business card for China’s ecological and cultural tourism.