2016 China Minsheng Hotspot Scan
Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, December 15th Title: 2016 China Minsheng Hotspot Scan
Xinhua News Agency reporter Wu Zhendong
In 2016, despite the downward pressure of the economy, China’s investment and guarantee in the field of people’s livelihood have not weakened at all, the first victory in poverty alleviation can be expected, the employment situation is improving, and the policies of education and medical care for the benefit of the people are constantly increasing … … One reform after another has brought people more sense of gain.
[Poverty Alleviation] All tasks are progressing smoothly.
The central poverty alleviation and development work conference held at the end of November 2015 sounded the charge of decisive battle against poverty. Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the all-round poverty alleviation network has become more and more dense, and all key tasks in the fight against poverty have progressed smoothly, and good news has been frequently reported in the first year of the war.
In order to make the poverty alleviation targets more accurate, nearly 2 million people were mobilized nationwide this year to set up a file for poverty alleviation targets to "look back". A total of 9.29 million poor people were excluded and 8.07 million were re-recorded. Under the impetus of the "five batches" project, all the ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation projects in 833 counties across the country started; Free vocational education and high school education for children from poor families are basically realized; The three systems of the new rural cooperative medical system, serious illness insurance and medical assistance for serious and serious diseases fully cover the rural poor. It is predicted that the goal of reducing poverty by more than 10 million people can be achieved this year.
[Employment] Complete the annual objectives and tasks ahead of schedule
Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood. According to the latest data from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from January to November this year, 12.49 million people were newly employed in cities and towns in China, fulfilling the target of 10 million people in the whole year ahead of schedule. By the end of the third quarter, the national urban registered unemployment rate was 4.04%, which was lower than the annual control target.
It is worth mentioning that this year’s "employment report card" is not only "high in total score" but also "strong in single item". Among them, 5.11 million unemployed people in cities and towns were re-employed, completing 102.2% of the annual target tasks; The number of people with employment difficulties was 1.54 million, accounting for 128.3% of the annual target, reflecting the close connection between ensuring employment and benefiting people’s livelihood.
[Education] Formulate ten measures to promote urban-rural integration.
Eliminate the plan of large class size, reform the schooling mechanism of children who move with them, build urban schools at the same time, promote the standardization of schools, and implement the preferential policy of rural teachers’ income distribution … … In July this year, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Reform and Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education in Counties", and formulated ten measures, proposing that by 2020, the balanced development of compulsory education in counties and the equalization of basic public education services in urban and rural areas will be basically realized.
Promoting the integration of compulsory education in urban and rural areas as a whole is a realistic need to narrow the gap between urban and rural education and complete the task of poverty alleviation through education in an all-round way, and it is also a fundamental requirement for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Reform is a complex systematic project. In the process of implementation, we must strengthen government responsibility, strengthen supervision and inspection, and open social supervision to ensure that every reform measure takes root.
Graded diagnosis and treatment alleviates "difficulty in seeing a doctor"
In April this year, the the State Council executive meeting determined the key points of deepening medical reform in 2016, including deepening the reform of public hospitals, promoting the construction of graded diagnosis and treatment, and promoting the "transparency" of drug prices.
After a few months, the results are bright. The participation rate of basic medical insurance in China is fixed at over 95%, and the serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents has been fully promoted. The number of pilot cities for comprehensive reform of public hospitals has been expanded to 200, the drug supply guarantee system has been further improved, the market-oriented drug price formation mechanism has been gradually established, and the proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure has been declining. More than half of the counties in the country have carried out pilot projects for the first consultation at the grassroots level, and the rate of medical treatment within the county has reached more than 80%.
[Pension] policies are intensively introduced to fill the shortcomings of rural pension.
China has been in the stage of aging, and "providing for the aged" has increasingly become the focus of social attention. By the end of the third quarter of this year, the number of all kinds of old-age beds in China had reached 6.959 million, with 31.6 old-age beds per thousand elderly people, an increase of 4.3% over the end of last year.
Since the beginning of this year, various pension policies have been intensively introduced. The Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance jointly launched a pilot reform of home and community care services, focusing on supporting the construction of facilities such as rural nursing homes and community day care centers. It is estimated that about 50,000 beds of various types of care services will be added after completion; The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Guiding Opinions on Piloting the Long-term Care Insurance System" and launched 15 pilot cities. It is planned to explore and establish a policy framework for the long-term care insurance system suitable for the national conditions in one to two years; The Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly issued a notice to identify 50 cities (districts) across the country as the first batch of national-level pilot units for combining medical care with nursing care, and further promote the extension of medical resources to communities and families.
[Income] The per capita disposable income of residents and GDP grew together.
The data shows that in the first three quarters of this year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 17,735 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.4% year-on-year, and a real increase of 6.3% after deducting the price factor. The income of urban and rural residents was basically synchronized with the GDP growth rate. At the same time, the regional income gap is narrowing. From the published data of the first three quarters, the income growth rate in the western region is relatively high, and the nominal growth rate of per capita disposable income of urban residents in Guizhou and Qinghai reaches 9%, leading the country.
In November this year, the Central Office and the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Implementing the Distribution Policy Oriented to Increasing Knowledge Value". Accordingly, the income of scientific researchers, university teachers, medical staff and other groups will change greatly in the future.
The policy of "comprehensive two children" was formally implemented, and the number of births increased significantly.
On January 1st this year, it was officially implemented in the universal two-child policy. According to statistics, the number of applications for birth registration of Chinese citizens has increased significantly this year, and the number of births has shown a significant growth momentum. In the first half of the year, the national birth population was 8.31 million, a year-on-year increase of 6.9%; The birth rate of two children was 44.6%, an increase of 6.7 percentage points compared with last year.
The implementation of the universal two-child policy is an important strategic decision made by the central government based on the new situation of China’s population and economic and social development. After the implementation of the universal two-child policy, a large number of families who meet the policy will be released in a centralized way, which also brings challenges such as a significant increase in the number of elderly pregnant women, an increase in maternity risks, an increase in the shortage of pediatricians, and an increase in the pressure on maternity insurance funds in some areas. Relevant departments should step up their efforts to improve relevant facilities and give play to the positive effects of the policy.
[Environmental protection] has been improved, and there is a long way to go.
According to data recently released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, from January to November this year, the average number of excellent days in 338 cities at prefecture level and above was 80.5%, up 2.6 percentage points year-on-year. The concentration of PM2.5 was 44 μ g/m3, down 8.3% year-on-year; The concentration of PM10 was 79 μ g/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 7.1%.
From the data point of view, the concentration of particulate matter in the whole country and key areas has shown a downward trend this year, and the air quality has improved overall, achieving the annual control goal. However, since November, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas have experienced three large-scale heavy pollution weather, and many cities in Northeast China have also experienced extremely heavy pollution weather processes, reflecting that smog control has a long way to go.