As the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, the founder of The Boring Company, a space exploration technology company, and the co-founder of OpenAI, a non-profit organization of artificial intelligence, Musk seems to have the skill of being two places at once, and at the same time, he is pushing forward various new technologies. He said that he would not be happy if he did not send mankind away from the earth and set up a colony on Mars.

　　Musk has made great achievements in the research of space rockets, electric cars, solar cells and killing robots, and has also earned billions of dollars by the way. He is the "Iron Man" Tony Stark in real life.

　　However, Musk’s life is not always smooth sailing. Let’s see how he changed from a student who was often bullied at school to a legendary tech geek.

　　1. Musk was born in Pretoria, Africa on June 28th, 1971.

　　His father said that he "has always been an introverted thinker".

　　"When many children go to big parties, drink and talk about various sports events, he hides in the library and leafs through various books." Musk’s father and electrical engineer Errol Musk said.

　　3. Musk’s mother is a professional nutritionist and model.

　　His mother Maye Musk, a Canadian, has appeared on the cover of Time magazine and the Special K cereal box.

　　4. After their parents divorced in 1979, 9-year-old Musk and his younger brother Kimbarl decided to live with their father.

　　In 1983, 12-year-old Musk sold a simple game called Blastar to a computer magazine and earned 500 dollars.

　　Musk called the game "a very simple little game, but it is more exciting than the recently popular Flappy Bird game."

　　6. However, Musk’s school life is not easy. He was beaten by bullies and hospitalized.

　　According to Ashlee Vance in his book Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and The Quest for a Fantastic Future, some bullies threw Musk down the stairs and knocked him into shock.

　　7. After graduating from high school, Musk moved to Canada and studied at Queen’s University of Ontario for two years.

　　He lives in Canada with his mother May, his sister Tosca and his brother Kimbarl.

　　8. However, he finished his studies at the University of Pennsylvania and got a degree in physics and economics.

　　9. While studying at the University of Pennsylvania, Musk rented a 10-room house with a classmate in his class and turned it into a place where the Brotherhood met at night. This is also the first time he has gained similar experience as an entrepreneur.

　　10. After graduating from college, Musk is going to Stanford University to study for a doctorate. However, only two days after he arrived in California, he decided to postpone his admission and prepare to try his luck in the burgeoning Internet craze. He never returned to Stanford University to complete his studies.

　　11. Musk and his younger brother Kimbarl founded the Zip2 website.

　　The brothers’ father gave them $28,000 to start the Zip2 website. This website provides city travel guides for newspapers such as The New York Times and Chicago Tribune.

　　12. Although the Zip2 website is operating very well, Musk basically lives in the office and takes a bath in the bathhouse of a local YMCA.

　　Hard work has paid off. Compaq Computer Company spent $341 million to acquire Zip2 website, and paid in cash and stock. This made Musk earn $22 million at once.

　　13. Musk then founded X.com, an online banking company.

　　In 1999, he took out $10 million from the money he earned from selling Zip2 website and founded X.com Company. A year later, X.com merged with Confinity, a financial startup founded by Peter Thiel, and established PayPal, a payment service company.

　　14. Musk was appointed as CEO of PayPal. However, he didn’t sit in this seat for long.

　　In October 2000, he had a serious disagreement with the co-founder of PayPal, because he advocated transferring his server from the free Unix operating system to Microsoft Windows. Max Levchin, co-founder and then chief technology officer of PayPal, fought back fiercely.

　　15. During Musk’s vacation in Australia, PayPal’s board of directors fired him and appointed Thiel as the new CEO.

　　"This is the fault of the holiday." Musk said when he talked about this experience many years later.

　　16. However, things took a turn for the better. At the end of 2002, eBay, an auction and shopping website, bought PayPal for $1.5 billion. As the largest individual shareholder of PayPal, Musk made a net profit of $165 million.

　　17. Even before PayPal was sold, Musk began to plan his next step, including a crazy plan to transport rats or plants to Mars.

　　As a lifelong sci-fi fan, Musk tried to buy rockets retired from the former Soviet Union to realize the dream of Mars. However, Russian sellers charge up to $8 million or more for each rocket. Musk then planned to design the rocket himself at a lower cost.

　　18. In early 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, a space exploration technology company. His goal is to build a rocket at a very low cost.

　　19. SpaceX’s first rockets were named after the Millennium Falcon spacecraft in the movie Star Wars. These rockets are named Falcon 1 and Falcon 9.

　　20. Another early rocket was named after the song Puff the Magic Dragon.

　　The name of this rocket is Dragon, which is Musk’s response to the skeptics. Because many skeptics say that SpaceX will never be able to send rockets into space.

　　21. SpaceX’s long-term goal is to make the colonization of Mars more cost-effective.

　　He said that SpaceX would not apply for an IPO if the "Mars colonial transporter" he mentioned did not achieve routine flight.

　　22. Musk has also been very busy on earth, especially his Tesla electric car.

　　In 2004, Musk first invested in Tesla, an electric car company co-founded by Martin Eberhard. Later, Musk invested a total of 70 million US dollars in the company.

　　23. Musk played an active role in the development of Tesla electric vehicles. He helped develop the company’s first car, Roadster.

　　This pure electric vehicle was launched in 2006, when Musk was the chairman of Tesla. He is now the CEO of Tesla.

　　24. All this seems to be not enough. Musk also proposed to establish the solar energy company SolarCity.

　　Musk gave his cousins Peter Rive and Lyndon Rive the start-up capital to start SolarCity in 2006.

　　25. However, Tesla’s operation has not been smooth sailing.

　　When Eberhard was CEO, Tesla burned money faster than it made money. In 2007, Musk launched a coup on the board of directors, first removing Eberhard’s CEO position, and then expelling him from the board of directors and the company’s top management.

　　26. In 2008, as the financial crisis severely limited his options, Musk personally invested to save Tesla.

　　Musk invested $40 million in Tesla and lent it another $40 million. In the same year, he was appointed as CEO of the company.

　　27. Operating SpaceX, Tesla and SolarCity at the same time, Musk almost went bankrupt.

　　He described 2008 as "the worst year of my life". In this year, Tesla kept losing money, and SpaceX’s launch of Falcon 1 rocket was not smooth. By 2009, Musk had to borrow money to live.

　　28. In the same year, Musk divorced his wife Justine Musk. Justin is a Canadian writer who has six sons with Musk.

　　However, around Christmas 2008, things seemed to take a turn for the better.

　　Musk has two pieces of good news: SpaceX has signed a contract of up to $1.5 billion with NASA to help the latter transport supplies into space. Tesla finally found more external investors.

　　30. By 2010, things had greatly improved. Tesla successfully went public.

　　In June of that year, Tesla went public and raised $226 million, becoming the first listed automobile company since the listing of Ford Motor Company in 1956. In order to solve the personal financial crisis, Musk sold shares worth about $15 million.

　　31. Musk’s magical experience even attracted the attention of outsiders, especially Hollywood.

　　Tony Stark played by Robert Downey Jr in Iron Man is based on Musk. Musk even made a guest appearance in iron man 2.

　　32. At the same time, Musk’s personal life changed dramatically.

　　In 2008, Musk started dating actress Talulah Riley. In 2010, they got married. In 2012, they divorced. In July 2013, they returned to second time around. In December 2014, Musk filed for divorce, but eventually withdrew his application. In March 2016, Riley filed for divorce and was approved in October of that year.

　　33. At work, Musk can now be described as smooth sailing, especially at SpaceX.

　　By the end of 2015, SpaceX had completed 24 launch missions, including supplying the International Space Station. In 2016, SpaceX Falcon 9 successfully landed a recyclable orbital rocket for the first time.

　　34. Musk is still constantly putting forward new ideas. His latest idea is Hyperloop, a super high-speed rail.

　　Hyperloop is a super-high-speed train running in a vacuum pipeline. Theoretically, it takes only 30 minutes to get from Los Angeles to San Francisco.

　　35. Musk recently founded another company — — The Boring Company tunnel excavation company.

　　The Boring Company was established last year, and its mission is to excavate the tunnel network under the urban ground and realize high-speed and congestion-free traffic. Musk said that he had discussed with the White House to dig a tunnel between new york and Washington, D.C. for Hyperloop.

　　36. At the end of 2015, Musk co-founded the non-profit organization OpenAI. The organization is committed to studying artificial intelligence and ensuring that it will not harm the interests of human beings.

　　Musk is worried that the development of artificial intelligence may eventually set off the Third World War.

　　37. While worrying about artificial intelligence, Musk is still vigorously promoting Tesla’s driverless function.

　　Tesla’s autopilot system has been launched in its three models, including the Volkswagen Model 3, which was launched earlier this year.

　　Last year, Tesla spent $2.6 billion to acquire SolarCity. This acquisition brings together Musk’s two green technology companies.

　　39. For Musk, 2017 was an eventful year, at least politically.

　　Musk joined President Trump’s Business Advisory Council, which met with strong opposition. At first, he also defended his behavior, saying that being close to the White House could promote new changes. However, after President Trump decided to let the United States withdraw from the Paris climate agreement, Musk finally withdrew from the advisory committee.

　　1996 was the first year of implementing the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core, the municipal party committee and municipal government adhered to the guidance of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s theory of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the party’s basic line, conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, summed up experience, overcame difficulties, and continued to do a number of practical things for the masses.

　　The important facts closely related to people’s lives are summarized into 10 aspects, which are described as follows:

　　First, the number of state-owned designated vegetable shops has reached 285, with 1,300 chain stores for the convenience and benefit of the people.

　　More than 300 convenience chain stores and supermarkets have been newly developed, and the total number of chain stores with supermarkets and people’s chain stores as the main body has reached 1300, further improving the supply guarantee system for residents’ daily life.

　　Gradually established and improved the state-owned vegetable supply network with state-owned designated vegetable shops as the main body and distribution centers as the leader. There are 285 state-owned designated vegetable shops with 20-30 varieties, which have played a leading role in ensuring vegetable supply and stabilizing vegetable prices.

　　To speed up the construction of staple food kitchens, 18 industrialized staple food kitchens have been completed and put into operation, and the grain system has formed the processing and production capacity of various staple foods with a daily output of 200,000 kilograms and more than 20 varieties, which basically meets the needs of residents’ staple food consumption.

　　In order to ensure that citizens can eat "reassuring meat", the existing slaughtering enterprises have been re-examined for registration and acceptance, and 20 municipal-level designated slaughtering enterprises have been formally established, and more than 200 municipal-level designated slaughtering plants have been established in Chengba District.

　　Two, completed 8.12 million square meters of housing, investment of 500 million yuan to complete more than 400 projects to eliminate hidden dangers.

　　The completed residential area in the whole year was 8.12 million square meters, of which the completed residential area of real estate development was 4.42 million square meters. Ten new residential quarters were opened, and the cumulative number of residential buildings under construction reached 263. The renovation of dilapidated houses started and resumed with an area of 4.53 million square meters, and the completion was 10,000 square meters. Newly opened Debao Phase II, Dongguanying and other 10 rebuild communities, 2 of which were completed. There were 13,600 relocated residents throughout the year. The implementation of 600,000 square meters of housing projects can solve 11,000 households with housing difficulties below 4 square meters per capita.

　　The medium-pressure gas pipeline in Chang ‘an Street has been rebuilt for 6 kilometers, and 25,300 indoor gas pipelines that have been used for more than 15 years and have been seriously corroded have been replaced, and 3,500 gas inlets have been rebuilt. Built a 26-kilometer liquefied gas northern suburb double track. The reconstruction project of thermal agricultural exhibition line and hongxia extension line was completed and put into operation, and the central heating situation in the eastern part of the city and Wangfujing area was improved. Overhaul 80,000 liquefied gas cylinders, purchase 80,000 new cylinders and scrap 100,000 cylinders.

　　33 tap water pressure regulating projects were completed and 8853 meters of pipelines were laid, which solved the draught problem of more than 10,000 residents in Xizhimen and other areas. The water quality of the seventh water plant has been improved, and the drinking water quality of residents in the southwest of the city has been further improved. Invest 65 million yuan to bring Miyun Reservoir water to Mentougou Chengzi Waterworks, so that 200,000 local residents can eat clean water.

　　There were 87,000 new gas users, and the total number of gas users in the city reached 2.18 million, and the gasification rate of urban residents in cooking exceeded 90%; The newly developed central heating area is 2 million square meters, and the total area of central heating has exceeded 30 million square meters.

　　11.66 million meters of aging wires in urban houses were replaced, and the capacity was increased by 12,955 amps, benefiting 4.44 million households.

　　Invested more than 400 million yuan to complete the renovation and overhaul of a number of boilers, pumps and heating pipelines. Among them, 69 boilers, 95 pumps and 24,600 meters of external pipelines were updated, which ensured the warmth of urban residents in winter.

　　3. Revoke 46 markets that encroached on the road, and build and renovate 547 public toilets.

　　In view of the problems such as road market blocking traffic and affecting the city appearance, 46 main streets were abolished, 174 non-standard markets were rectified, more than 30,000 unlicensed vendors were banned, and more than 50,000 square meters of sidewalks were vacated, which moved the bazaars around universities and primary and secondary schools that hindered the teaching order, and the street order was obviously improved.

　　547 public toilets were built and renovated, and 107 public toilet pipes were renovated. There were 313 public toilets above Class II and 1,138 public toilets above Class III in the city. The completion of Gaobeidian manure treatment plant has achieved zero breakthrough in the harmless treatment of manure in the city.

　　150 million square meters of housing safety survey was completed in the urban area, accounting for 84.1% of the houses to be inspected in the city. More than 6,000 dangerous houses have been overturned, and projects such as house overturning and overhaul, roof leakage patching and new sewers have been completed. For 10 years in a row, the flood control of urban houses has achieved "less house collapse, no death, and safe flood control".

　　Four, the completion of the Jing-Chang Expressway opened up and extended 53 bus lines.

　　Jingchang Expressway has a total length of 31.2 kilometers and six lanes in both directions. After opening to traffic, it has played an important role in alleviating the traffic congestion on the main road of Beijing North Gate.

　　It invested 2.22 billion yuan to implement 12 new highway reconstruction projects and 49 large and medium-sized repair projects. The new highway mileage is 273 kilometers, and the total highway mileage in the city reaches 12,084 kilometers (including 145 kilometers of expressways), and the highway density reaches 0.77 kilometers per square kilometer.

　　Strengthen the maintenance of urban road facilities. Twenty-five roads seriously damaged by water such as Jingyuan Road and Qingnian Road were repaired, 680,000 square meters of roads were repaired, reinforced and newly built, 59 kilometers of sewer trunk lines and branch lines were renovated and newly built, and 50,000 rainwater outlets were dug. The problem of water accumulation in a number of roads such as Lu Gu Road, Babaoshan South Road, Dene Street and Mianhua Hutong was solved.

　　18 new bus lines were opened and 37 extended lines were adjusted. The length of the city’s bus network reached 4,617 kilometers, an increase of 580 kilometers or 14% over the previous year.

　　Ten special tourist lines leading to Badaling, the Ming Tombs and other scenic spots have been opened, and the service modes of fixed time, fixed routes, fixed stops and fixed fares have been implemented. At the same time, the ticket prices of scenic spots have been re-examined and adjusted, and the "kickback" trend has been resolutely stopped, and the order of the tourist passenger transport market has been significantly improved.

　　Since June 18th, the business hours of 36 main bus lines in urban and suburban areas have been extended by an average of more than one hour, with a maximum of two and a half hours, which further facilitates citizens to travel at night.

　　Invested 150 million yuan, updated and purchased 618 buses, and scrapped 268 old cars, which greatly improved the quality and capacity of buses; 5 new bus stops and 8 renovations; 595 new waiting sheds were built, which improved the waiting conditions for the masses.

　　From October 12, the minimum interval between trains on the first line of the subway was shortened from 3: 30 to 3: 00, and the capacity was increased by 17.6%.

　　Five, the implementation of the minimum living security system for urban residents to arrange disaster relief funds of 52.7 million yuan.

　　Since July 1st, the minimum living security system for urban residents has been implemented for the first time in Beijing. In 1996, the minimum living security line was determined as the monthly per capita income of 170 yuan, and a total of 6.4 million yuan of living allowance was paid to 34,000 people.

　　Since December, the card system of grain and oil supply for urban low-income residents has been implemented. A poverty alleviation card has been issued to 9003 people. With this card, each person can go to the designated grain store to buy 20 yuan’s grain, oil and food once a month.

　　A total of 27.245 million yuan was borrowed for the living expenses of 72,000 employees in 372 enterprises that stopped production or stopped production.

　　For more than 3,000 disabled soldiers in rural areas, the pension will be increased each year in 84 yuan-1000 yuan; For orphans and disabled children and the "three noes" (no one to rely on, no source of livelihood first, no fixed occupation and income), the relief and subsidies will be increased in 40 yuan and 20 yuan respectively each month.

　　From the unemployment insurance fund, more than 10 million yuan was given to enterprises that set up the tertiary industry, created new jobs and resettled laid-off workers, and 13,000 laid-off workers were resettled.

　　Allocate 20 million yuan to relocate 4,500 households and 12,000 people in small and dangerous villages in mountainous areas; 2.5 million yuan was allocated to support remote mountainous areas, 4,000 hectares of orchards were newly developed, 1,300 hectares of economic ditches were developed, and 45 wells were drilled, thus solving the drinking water problem of 15,000 people and 3,000 large livestock. The per capita annual labor income of rural areas in remote mountainous areas increased by 263 yuan over the previous year, up by 16.4%.

　　Six, 10 aspects of environmental protection, comprehensive completion of the expansion of green space area of 671 hectares.

　　26 comprehensive environmental control projects in Shijingshan area were completed on schedule. Among them, the newly-upgraded dust removal equipment in Shougang Company’s transfer station, steelmaking plant, sintering plant and Yanshan Cement Plant and the newly-installed dust removal device in Gaofei Power Plant were put into operation, reducing the dust emission by 5,500 tons.

　　Complete the three-year planning and management task of oil depots and gas stations in urban groundwater source protection areas. 7333 hectares of water conservation forest were planted in the upper reaches of Miyun and Huairou reservoirs.

　　Completed the deadline treatment and relocation of 50 key industrial pollution sources, among which 15 factories and workshops with serious pollution nuisance, such as Wujian Component Factory and Daily Enamel Factory, have stopped production or moved; 36 enterprises with serious pollution such as papermaking, tanning, printing, bleaching and dyeing were banned, closed or stopped on schedule.

　　There are 1,863,200 trees planted, 1,962,500 square meters of grass planted, 1,010,000 perennial flowers planted and 1,045,800 hedges planted in the suburbs around the city. Expand the green area by 671 hectares and complete 25% of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

　　Longtan lake Park Wanliutang, Sangcui Park and other park scenic spots have been newly built and improved, with a total of 9 scenic spots. Among them, the newly-built Huangye Village Scenic Area in Beijing Botanical Garden reproduces the natural secluded and wild mountain village environment when Cao Xueqin wrote books in his later years.

　　The newly-built residential area has expanded the greening area by 86.26 hectares, and the original residential area has been afforested by 10.24 hectares; The greening and beautification of residential areas is gradually developing towards national forest.

　　Completed artificial afforestation of 16,900 hectares, aerial seeding afforestation of 23,000 hectares and closing hillsides for afforestation of 13,400 hectares; Harness 2600 hectares of sandy wasteland.

　　Around Miyun and Huairou reservoirs, 7,300 hectares of water source protection forests were artificially constructed, exceeding the plan by 11%. In Yongding River, Kangzhuang River, Chaobai River, Dasha River and other five sandstorm hazard areas, we will intensify the control of sand shortage and build 3500 hectares of windbreak and sand fixation forest. In order to solve the serious shortage of firewood or domestic fuel in some mountainous villages, 1,300 hectares of firewood forests were built.

　　Seven, the city’s total exchange capacity exceeded 4 million residential buildings, and the total number of postal services reached 26,452.

　　764,000 local telephone exchanges were connected to the Internet, and the total capacity of telephone exchanges in the city reached 4.42 million, of which the total capacity of public network exchanges reached 3.06 million, and the problem of "difficult installation" in some areas was obviously alleviated. The number of local telephone users actually increased by 452,000, and the total number of households reached 1.95 million. The telephone penetration rate in the whole city reached 29.8%, of which the telephone penetration rate in the suburbs around the city reached 43.6%.

　　16,000 public telephones were added, bringing the total number of public telephones in the city to 36,000; 128,000 mobile phones were added, and the total number of mobile phone users reached 289,000. 18,000 new long-distance telephone lines were opened, bringing the total number to 60,000. The international toll can be directly dialed to 244 countries and regions, and the domestic toll can be directly dialed to 2,293 cities and counties, an increase of 24 countries and regions and 237 cities and counties respectively over the previous year.

　　12 new post and telecommunications sub-offices were built and 10 were rebuilt and expanded. There are 45 new post offices, with a total of 589. The matching rate of post offices in residential areas increased from 50% in 1995 to 57%. 1100 new residential buildings were mailed, 1.67 times that of the previous year, and the total number of residential buildings in the city reached 26452.

　　The investment rate of sending ordinary letters to each other in urban areas reached 96% the next day, an increase of 1 percentage point over the previous year; The direct delivery rate of express mail in the city reached 100%.

　　Eight, the municipal performing arts groups to strengthen the quality consciousness to create 26 new plays, more than 4000 performances.

　　The newly produced children’s drama Snow Boy, musical drama Longxugou, drama Sugar-Coated Berry and Peking Opera Legend of the White Snake have been well received by the masses. Organize 260 special cultural performances on weekends. The Beijing Symphony Orchestra holds a free concert for students on weekends every month. 60 cinemas in the city sell tickets at half price every Saturday morning, which is very popular among the masses.

　　Mass cultural activities take festivals as the leader and seasons as the stage, which are continuous all year round, and the number of people participating in them reaches 20 million. For the first time, the "Flowers in May" was staged in the whole city, with 41,000 programs compiled by all districts, counties and industries, including more than 7,500 programs praising hometown and reflecting new changes in reform and new things, with 424,000 performances and 3.42 million people. In summer, the Cultural Square takes advantage of the community, taking the square, hutong, campus, construction site and countryside as the stage, and holds tens of thousands of cultural performances, open-air movies, open-air dances, oil painting of traditional Chinese opera and yangko flowers in more than 900 venues, attracting tens of millions of people, an increase of more than 3 million over the previous year.

　　Carry out cultural activities in the countryside. Donated tens of thousands of books to Yanqing, Mentougou and other counties, and donated more than 1,800 books to the old revolutionary base areas. Organized more than 300 performances in the countryside, including more than 300 performances in 60 remote towns and villages. 32 copies of feature films and 40 copies of science and education films were presented to 10 suburban counties.

　　Nine, strengthen the construction of schools with weak foundations and complete the construction of teachers’ houses of 10,000 square meters.

　　Efforts have been made to solve the problem of high fees for students who choose schools, and containment measures have been formulated to clear the high fees of 18 million yuan, which has basically curbed the problem of high fees for students who choose schools.

　　Established the system that the city’s main leaders contact schools with weak foundations, and signed a responsibility letter to change schools with weak foundations. The investment of 100 million yuan (more than the sum of the investment in the previous three years) has improved the running conditions of a number of schools.

　　10 million yuan was allocated to install earth heating for 36 primary schools and 53 middle schools in 7 mountain counties.

　　Completed the construction of 430,000 square meters of residential buildings for general and adult teachers. Among them, 310 million yuan was invested to build 320,000 square meters of the first phase project of "Yuxin Garden", a residential area for college teachers, and 3,500 teachers moved into new homes.

　　Ten, the "strike hard" struggle has achieved remarkable results, and the social security order has further improved.

　　With the "strike hard" struggle, the situation of poor public security in some places has obviously improved, and the upward trend of criminal cases has been effectively curbed. In the whole year, 11,000 major cases were cracked, more than 1,400 fugitives were arrested, and more than 1,400 criminal gangs were destroyed. The incidence rate of major cases decreased by 10.2% compared with the previous year. In particular, three major bank robberies were cracked, which shocked criminals.

　　Intensify the rectification of public security order, focus on rectifying a number of public security chaos, and focus on rectifying the public security order around universities and Shougang, so that the public security order in these areas has obviously improved.

　　Taking the opportunity of implementing the Gun Control Law, we will vigorously carry out the work of collecting illegal guns and cleaning up and rectifying them. A total of more than 15,000 illegal guns, more than 29,000 bullets and more than 31,000 controlled knives were collected. 25,000 civilian guns were recovered, with a recovery rate of 99.7%. It took the lead in comprehensively completing the task of cleaning up and rectifying guns in the country.

　　In 1996, people’s governments at all levels did a lot of work directly related to people’s lives, but there were still some unsatisfactory things. In the new year, we should unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core, unite as one, make great efforts, do solid work, and continue to do more practical things for the people.

CCTV News:At 9: 00 am on May 7th, the precious audio files of "Boli Trial" were handed over at the Puppet Manchurian Palace Museum in Changchun, Jilin. This 22-hour, 5-minute, 57-second recording file is the first-hand trial material of the Japanese army’s crime of using bacteriological weapons during World War II, and it is also a strong evidence that the Japanese invaders violated international conventions and developed and used bacteriological weapons. Among the trial recordings of 12 Japanese war criminals who carried out germ warfare, the recording of war criminal Kiyoshi Kawashima has been translated and sorted out. In this recorded file, he personally admitted that the Japanese 731 troops used living people to commit bacteria test’s crimes.

Kiyoshi Kawashima

This set of photos was taken in Berlin, the former Soviet Union, in December 1949, which was the first international trial on the crime of germ warfare in human history. The man on the far right in the photo is the former Kwantung Army commander Yamada Yasuo, and the third from the right in the front row is Kiyoshi Kawashima.

[Recording of trial] Kiyoshi Kawashima:I served in "Manchuria" Unit 731 from April of Showa 14th year (1939) to March of Showa 18th year (1943).

This recording is from Kiyoshi Kawashima, a major general’s military doctor. He once served as the general affairs minister, the first minister and the fourth minister in the 731 Army.

Judges:When and by whose order was the Unit 731 formed?

Kiyoshi Kawashima:The "Manchuria" Unit 731 was established in the 11th year of Showa (1936) in accordance with the imperial edict of the Emperor.

JudgesIs this the secret order of the Japanese emperor?　

Kiyoshi KawashimaYes, that’s right.

According to Kiyoshi Kawashima’s confession in court, the Japanese government allocated a large amount of funds to the 731 troops for the preparation and research of germ warfare.

Judges: What is the amount of funds allocated to this unit?

Kiyoshi KawashimaI can’t remember the exact amount. As far as I know, the budget in 1940 was close to 10 million yen (equivalent to 30 billion yen now)

JudgesHow much of this 10 million yen is used for experimental research?

Kiyoshi KawashimaI don’t remember this clearly, but according to my calculation, about 5 million yen is used as direct experimental expenses.

JudgesSo did the funding for experimental research increase or decrease in 1941?

Kiyoshi KawashimaNo increase, probably close to the previous figure.

　What did such a huge sum of money bring to the 731 troops? According to the Chinese translation of "Trial Materials of Former Japanese Army Soldiers Accused of Preparing and Using Bacteriological Weapons" published in Moscow in 1950, Kiyoshi Kawashima confessed that "300 kilograms of plague bacteria or 800-900 kilograms of typhoid bacteria, 500-700 kilograms of anthrax bacteria and one ton of cholera bacteria can be produced within one month." These bacteria spread to Chinese through specially cultivated fleas. Before that, we should do experiments with living people whom they call "wood".

Judges: did the first unit of the 731 army do experiments on living people?

Kiyoshi KawashimaYes, that’s right.

JudgesIs the prison for people who are used for experiments the first one?

Kiyoshi Kawashima: That’s right.

Kiyoshi Kawashima confessed, "During the whole period of the prison’s existence, no detainee survived from there." When he visited the prison in April 1941, among the detainees, he also saw a woman with a baby.

JudgesNow, please tell the court what the 731 unit is mainly engaged in, and what is the real task of this unit?

Kiyoshi KawashimaUnit 731 is mainly engaged in research to prepare for germ warfare.

JudgesIs the work of this unit conducted in secret?

Kiyoshi Kawashima: It’s secret.

At present, the trial recordings of these 12 Japanese war criminals are being further translated.

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Purple/black customer preferred package 27Q (wide-body fender wide-body suspension 305/35ZR20 all-season tire 20* 11-inch carbon black aluminum wheel SRT engine cooler) interior enhancement package (Nappa seat heating ventilation suture instrument panel seat memory rearview mirror memory power tilting telescopic steering column) SRT blackening package (external black badge black taillight SRT grille badge STR spoiler logo) technology package (adaptive headlights) driver convenience package (blind spot detection body color rearview mirror with heated high head) Harman Kardon Audio (18-speaker track subwoofer surround sound) Electric sunroof 4C navigation system 8.4 display screen

VIP line: 189-2090-1317 Manager Wang (same as WeChat)

The 24 Dodge Challengers adopt the latest design concept of the Dodge family, and the overall shape is more sporty. The instrument panel adopts the combination design of double instrument panels and LCD screens, and the center console adopts a split type with a central LCD screen. It has a sporty atmosphere, including a bottom steering wheel, sports seats, carbon fiber-like interior parts and aluminum alloy decorative panels.

　Vip line:189-2090-1317 Manager Wang (same as WeChat)

In terms of 24 Dodge Challengers’ space, Challengers also do the best in comparing Mustang and Camaro. Both the ride space and the trunk space are the largest. I have experienced the back row of Mustang and Challenger before. It is not a big problem to sit in the back row of the co-pilot, but the head space in the back row of Mustang is much worse than that of Challenger. But it’s better not to sit in the back row of this kind of car. It’s really not as comfortable as any family car.

　Vip line:189-2090-1317 Manager Wang (same as WeChat)

The maximum power of 24 Dodge Challenger engines will reach 476 horsepower. The Dodge Challenger headlights have added LED light source, the front grille has been blackened and a newly designed front bumper has been adopted. In the rear part, the new car is equipped with a small spoiler and SRT badge.

　Vip line:189-2090-1317 Manager Wang (same as WeChat)

Solemnly promise: All the models purchased in our company are imported, without unauthorized modification, and we can provide the formal goods import certificate, vehicle conformity certificate issued by the state-recognized customs, the on-board inspection list and formal invoice of imported motor vehicles, so as to ensure the normal settlement in all regions of the country. At the same time, all vehicles in our company can enjoy the three-year 100,000-kilometer warranty mandated by the state, which makes you comfortable to buy and comfortable to use.

Name of Dealer: TianjinSentai automobile saleslimited company

Dealer address: Tianbao Avenue, Tianjin Port Bonded AreaG21, Floor 1, No.210 Pacific International Automobile City

Dealer Tel: Manager Wang　18920901317 (same as WeChat)

　　[Professional Evaluation] The new model has been listed a few days ago. The biggest highlight of the new car is the replacement of a brand-new powertrain, but the change in appearance is minimal. You may wonder, how much better can this new Excelle, which still looks "the same", be than the old one? In fact, we are also curious about the combination of 1.5L and 6AT gearboxes. In this case, why not let the old and new Excelle meet and see how they are different?

　　The newly listed Excelle has four models, all of which are equipped with 1.5L naturally aspirated engines. The distribution of the models is the same as that of the old models: two types of manual transmission and two types of automatic transmission. What we tested this time is the 1.5L automatic exclusive model, which is the top model of the whole department. The manufacturer’s guide price is 118,900 yuan, and the final transaction price is about 100,000 yuan, which is lower than the market price of 80,000 yuan. However, they have the same performance. This test report can be used for your reference.

　　The appearance of the new Excelle has not changed much, which may disappoint you. However, if you are a pragmatic consumer, you may care more about its "internal" evolution.

● power system

　　The engine displacement of the new Excelle is smaller than that of the old one, but the overall parameters are basically consistent with the old one. The brand-new 1.5L DVVT engine is still made of aluminum cast iron. With the addition of intake and exhaust timing technology, the maximum power is increased by 3 HP (2 kW) compared with the old 1.6L engine, the maximum torque is reduced by 5 Nm, and the explosion point is delayed by 400rpm. The official 0-100km/h acceleration time is 13.5 seconds, which is basically consistent with the old model, but I believe you are more concerned about its fuel consumption performance.

　　The assembly of the 6-speed automatic manual transmission is even more exciting. This is the second generation 6AT of GM, which is widely used in many different models of the Group. Equipping Excelle with 6AT is also a measure for GM to keep up with its competitors, because all the models listed recently, such as,, and Xinrui, are equipped with 6AT.

　　What kind of performance and fuel consumption can the new powertrain bring? Will it be better than the old model? Not much to say, go straight to the test session.

● performance test

　　New excelle accelerates at 0-100km/h

　　The gearbox is allowed to start at a maximum speed of about 2200rpm. At the moment of starting, the front wheel breaks through the grip, and after slipping for about half a second, the grip is restored. The acceleration of the whole 1st gear is relatively strong, the shift of 6AT gearbox is very smooth, and the speed drops very little after the shift, and the power connection is quite smooth. In the end, the new Excelle ran 11.47 seconds, far exceeding the official 13.5 seconds. This level of power is enough in the game. At the same time, we also tested the old Excelle to compare the acceleration curve, so that we can see the leap-forward progress of the new Excelle more intuitively.

　　0-100km/h Accelerated Comparison between New and Old Excelle

　　The progress of more than 2 seconds is surprising and pleasant. It is unexpected that Excelle’s "core change" can bring such a great impact on power performance. Comparing the acceleration level of rivals of the same level, the old Excelle is far behind, while the new Excelle is very close to the strength of its rivals. Although it is still not as good as the new models, the gap of a few tenths of a second can be ignored for a family car.

　　Brake at 100-0km/h

　　When braking with full force, the suspension of Excelle was a little overwhelmed, and the rear suspension was obviously stretched, which led to a serious decline in the grip of the rear wheels, and the braking force fluctuated greatly, but the excellent result of the last 40.3 meters gave people another surprise. In the same class, this achievement is one of the best.

● Fuel consumption test

　　On the day of the fuel consumption test, the highest temperature was 21℃, and the air conditioner was turned on during the whole journey, with a total distance of 113.2km, of which about 30% were congested sections and about 70% were unobstructed urban roads, with an average speed of about 30km/h, with a total fuel consumption of 8.54L and an average consumption of 7.54L per 100 km.

　　This result is not bad for a compact family car with a displacement of 1.5L I remember that the fuel consumption of the old Excelle we tested before was 9.6L/100km. Although the road conditions are different and cannot be directly compared, people who know Excelle should know that it did not have anything to do with fuel economy at that time. Nowadays, the new powertrain has brought an acceptable fuel consumption figure, which is already excellent compared with the old one.

　　The reasonable fuel consumption reference values (non-rigid indicators) given by us for various types of vehicles.

　　Pure economy: not higher than 7 liters/100 kilometers

　　/:Not higher than 8 liters/100 kilometers

　　Compact/light: not higher than 10 liters/100 kilometers

　　/medium SUV: not higher than 12 liters/100 kilometers

　　Other models: not higher than 15 liters/100 kilometers

　　< Note 1: Hard-core off-road vehicles, large SUVs, performance and super sports cars are not tested for fuel consumption in this station >
　　< Note 2: Our reference values of reasonable fuel consumption at all levels are based on most models of this level. Individual non-mainstream vehicles have leapfrogged in size or displacement, which greatly affects the fuel consumption performance, so we are another matter >

　　Cctv newsThe Central Meteorological Observatory issued an orange warning of typhoon at 06: 00 on September 13th.

　　Typhoon Meihua, the 12th typhoon this year, moved into the southern part of the East China Sea early this morning (13th) and strengthened into a strong typhoon at 5 o’clock in the morning. Its center is located about 490 kilometers east-south of Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province, that is, 25.5 degrees north latitude and 124.1 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force near the center is 14 (42m/s), and the lowest pressure at the center is 955 hectopascals and 7.

　　It is estimated that "Meihua" will move from north to northwest at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will be strengthened, and it will gradually approach the coastal area from Wenling to Zhoushan in Zhejiang, and will land in the above coastal areas from the afternoon of the 14th to the night (typhoon level or strong typhoon level, 38-45 m/s, 13-14); After landing, Meihua will continue to move to the northwest, and its intensity will gradually weaken.

　　Gale forecast:From 08: 00 on September 13th to 08: 00 on 14th, there will be 6-8 winds and 9-11 gusts in bashi channel, northern Taiwan Province Strait, east of Taiwan Province, southwestern Yellow Sea, most of the East China Sea and the waters near Diaoyu Island, the Yangtze River estuary, Hangzhou Bay, the northern and eastern coasts of Taiwan Province Island, the coastal areas of Zhejiang, northern Fujian, Shanghai and southeastern Jiangsu, among which there will be 9-11 winds and gusts in some parts of the East China Sea.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 08: 00 on September 13th to 08: 00 on 14th, there will be heavy rains in northern Taiwan Province Island, northern Zhejiang, Shanghai and southeastern Jiangsu, with heavy rains (100-140mm) in parts of northeastern Zhejiang and Shanghai.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow, and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

Can this Mercedes-Benz scare Ferrari and Lamborghini on the road into karami?

It’s not an airplane, but it’s equipped with flaps?

What is the secret weapon of DRS on this steering wheel?

So five things you don’t know about Mercedes-Benz AMG ONE:

The first thing

The logo of AMG ONE is the same as F1.spray paintRather than three-dimensional, but the visual effect is particularly three-dimensional, and the main body of Xinghui is still anti-bright. It is impossible to see that it is "painted" without touching it.

The purpose of this is the same as that of F1 racing car, in order to minimize the resistance. Don’t let go of such a small wind resistance, F1 King deserves to be you!

The second thing.

The aerodynamic design of AMG ONE is not exactly the same as that of F1 racing car, but it is not much different: the car can be ventilated as long as it has eyes, whether it is the front air inlet, the air outlet with air comb on the top of the car, the air inlet on the same roof of the antenna baby, or the air inlet behind these two triangular grooves on the roof, all of which are open, plus huge shark fins and huge tail diffuser.This is not a "road F1", it is simply a "road sieve", all the air is combed smoothly, and the turbulence is shaking with fear!

The third thing.

If you think this is not enough, then when you open it,Track modeThe suspension will be lowered to the ground, the flaps on the front wheel arch will be unfolded, and the two-stage tail will be opened. If you think it is still almost interesting, then it will be surpassed when accelerating in a straight line.80km/hAfter that, you can even turn on the DRS mode of F1 racing car, with small tail recovery and flap recovery, so that when overtaking, you can experience an arrow that is more than an arrow that leaves the string, and it is faster than the lightning!

The fourth thing

The steering wheel of this car is the twin brother of F1, but its seat has a big "bug" for a short and fat person like me, that isThe seat is completely unadjustable.What if your legs are too short to reach the pedal? You only need to pull the handle in the middle of the seat cushion to adjust the whole pedal area, including the distance of the left foot support position.

What about long and short legs? Long and short legs have to go to the hospital, and sisters don’t treat diseases here. (Just kidding)

The fifth thing

AMG ONE adopts a 1.6-liter V6 turbocharged engine which is basically the same as F1 racing technology, and is combined with four motors to form a set of hybrid electric power system. The comprehensive maximum power is 1063hp, and it only takes 2.9s for 0-100km/h acceleration and 7.0s for 0-200km/h acceleration.

The sixth thing

Although this hybrid electric vehicle supports pure electric mode, it can only run 18 kilometers with pure electric power, which is the distance from Chaoyang District, Beijing to Haidian. It is not enough to go to Caishikou to buy a set of pancakes with pure electric power.

The seventh thing

Only 275 cars were produced for this car with a price of nearly 20 million, and it was sold out just after it went on the market on June 1. So we’re 20 million short? We are too slow to grab the quota! (not)

For more interesting stories about new cars, pay attention to the Devil of Cars, Welcome into the pit!

　　Interviewed experts: Liu Xin, researcher of Shanghai Institute of Sports Science, and Li Juan, vice president of Beijing Geriatric Hospital.

　　People often refuse to do housework because they have no time and feel tired. However, a recent study by the State University of New York at Buffalo reminds the public that it is time to change the idea of hating housework, because doing trivial housework every day can prolong life.

　　A number of studies add luster to "doing housework"

　　The above research was published in the Journal of American Geriatrics Association. After studying more than 6,000 white, African-American and Latino American women aged 63-99, the researchers found that the participants who engaged in light activities such as folding clothes and mopping the floor for 30 minutes every day had a 12% lower death risk than those who basically did not move. Michael lamont, the lead author of the study, said: "Even if the amount of exercise for housework is lower than that suggested by the exercise guide, doing activities is better than doing nothing." A recent study published in the British Medical Journal also confirmed this point. A multinational research team composed of researchers from the Biomedical Research Center of the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom said that there is clear evidence that, regardless of the intensity, insisting on activities can reduce the risk of premature death of middle-aged and elderly people, while sitting for more than 9.5 hours a day will increase the risk of death.

　　Doing housework can not only reduce the risk of death for women, but also help to prolong men’s life. In 2016, the research of erasmus university rotterdam Medical Center in the Netherlands found that women who often do housework live three years longer than other women, and men who do housework will live an average of one year longer, among which men who often do gardening can live 2.7 years longer. Researchers from the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and China University of Science and Technology have surveyed 13,000 urban men aged between 35 and 78 in China, and found that those who reach for food with clothes are more likely to suffer from diabetes, and rolling up their sleeves and doing more housework can help prevent diabetes. After considering age, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level and family history of diabetes, compared with men who never do housework, those who do housework for less than 2 hours a day have a 20% lower risk of developing diabetes. Those who do housework for more than 2 hours a day reduce their risk by 40%; Doing more housework can also significantly improve the weight, waist circumference and blood lipid level.

　　Liu Xin, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Sports Science, said that the health problems of modern people mainly come from the imbalance of eating and moving, and any activity caused by skeletal muscle contraction that consumes more energy than the basal metabolic level is beneficial to health. Doing housework is a kind of physical activity, which is very suitable for people who can’t spare the whole time to exercise.

　　Li Juan, vice president of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, said that housework is the most cost-effective exercise, especially suitable for the elderly. Running, mountaineering and other sports certainly have many benefits, but after getting old, doing these excessive sports will make some old people feel uncomfortable, and strenuous exercise may also cause joint damage. Although the intensity of housework activities is not as good as running, it also has a certain exercise effect.

　　Light and heavy housework, each has its own effect.

　　Daily housework can be divided into heavy and light. Washing cars and moving furniture are heavy housework. Dusting, washing dishes, washing clothes by hand, hanging clothes and cooking can be classified as light housework. Every kind of housework has its "efficacy".

　　Washing clothes and cooking: it is not easy to get cognitive impairment. Cooking every day can produce a benign stimulus to the brain. This is because cutting vegetables into different shapes, such as shredded, sliced and diced, mastering the cooking temperature, and grasping the amount and sequence of seasonings such as oil, salt and soy sauce are all fine operations for the elderly, which can exercise hand-eye coordination and memory, which is equivalent to the daily cognitive function training of the elderly. Rush University Medical Center in the United States has studied 716 elderly people with an average age of 82, and found that housework such as cooking and washing clothes can reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly.

　　Walking the dog to buy food: low risk of death. Going out to buy food and walk the dog requires walking. Liu Xin said that this kind of housework is close to walking and fitness, which virtually increases the activity. A large-scale long-term survey in Japan shows that people who have never had myocardial infarction have a 10% lower risk of death from pneumonia or flu than those who walk for half an hour every day, and those who walk for less than half an hour every day have a 33% higher risk of death; People who have had myocardial infarction have a lower risk of dying of pneumonia or flu by walking for more than one hour every day than those who walk for half an hour. It can be seen that going out to buy food and walk the dog can help reduce the risk of death caused by myocardial infarction, flu or pneumonia.

　　Cleaning the room: it makes people feel happy. After a day’s work, it is inevitable to accumulate some bad emotions and pressures. If they are not released in time, it will do harm to physical and mental health. A comfortable and tidy home environment makes people feel more comfortable. Cleaning the room can not only enjoy the warmth of the family, but also stimulate neurotransmitters in the brain, promote the secretion of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, increase happiness, and relieve anxiety and depression. Especially for the elderly, making the home clean through labor can make the elderly feel their own value and have a positive impact on their physical and mental health. In addition, sorting out household chores such as wardrobes and bookcases can exercise upper limbs well.

　　Heavy housework: exercise cardiopulmonary function. Cardiopulmonary function is the ability of the heart to pump blood and the lungs to inhale oxygen, which is very important to the tissues and organs of the whole body. Heavy housework can promote blood vessel health, reduce the risk factors of heart disease such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, fully exercise lung function, improve muscle tension, reduce mental stress and consume excess calories.

　　Keep in mind several safety principles.

　　Of course, improper housework can also make people break down from constant overwork, resulting in lumbar muscle strain, cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis and so on. Housework is not only manual work, but also technical work. As long as you master the correct methods, you can avoid unnecessary injuries. In the specific division of labor, men are physically strong and should take the initiative to undertake heavy housework, such as repairing furniture and carrying heavy objects. Women with delicate minds can be responsible for sweeping the floor, washing clothes, cooking and other light housework; Let children take on some housework properly, which can cultivate their sense of responsibility and life skills. We can start with cleaning up toys, preparing tableware, folding clothes and quilts. Experts remind that no matter what kind of housework you do, you should pay attention to the following principles.

　　Combine work and rest. Liu Xin said that there is no upper limit for housework, but maintaining the same posture or doing the same action repeatedly for a long time, such as bending over to clean the floor, washing dishes and cutting vegetables, can easily cause some muscles to be sore and strain. Therefore, do housework should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, take a break every 10~15 minutes, exercise the cervical spine, lumbar spine, wrist, etc., and don’t finish it all at once. If you have more housework, you can divide your work with your family, and choose the categories you are good at to reduce your physical and mental burden.

　　Slow up and turn slowly. It is easy to flash to the waist if you suddenly get up or twist your body when you bend over to wash dishes and wash clothes. Li Juan reminded that elderly people who like to sit on a small bench to choose vegetables and wash clothes should pay special attention to it, and don’t get up too quickly. Standing suddenly after sitting for a long time, the head position rises rapidly, and the heart has not had time to transport enough blood to the brain, resulting in postural hypotension and easy to fall. It is recommended to get up slowly after sitting for a long time. You can get up with the help of large and strong furniture such as cabinets and tables around you, or hold the wall.

　　Bend your legs without bending over. When moving heavy objects such as sofas and boxes, don’t bend down to lift them directly. You should first squat down, straighten your back, hold the heavy objects well, and then stand up with leg strength to "bend your legs without bending down". Older people should do what they can, try to avoid housework such as lifting heavy objects and cleaning roofs, and leave such work to young people.

　　Smoke prevention. When cooking, smoke such as carbon monoxide and carcinogen benzopyrene will be produced, which is strongly irritating to the nose, eyes and throat mucosa, ranging from symptoms such as cough, tears and headache to respiratory diseases such as rhinitis, pharyngolaryngitis and tracheitis. Long-term inhalation of oil fume will also increase the risk of lung cancer. It is suggested that the range hood should be turned on all the cooking process, and it should be turned on for 10~20 minutes after cooking to avoid oil fume residue; Pay attention to put on apron, hat and mask to isolate pollutants. When cleaning the kitchen, you should not be careless. Some detergents that remove oil stains are also irritating and easy to cause respiratory diseases such as asthma. It is recommended to wear a mask and turn on the range hood when using.

　　Decode the central environmental protection inspector

　　The Central Environmental Protection Inspector changed the traditional environmental supervision mode in China from inspecting enterprises to supervising government. Environmental protection inspectors emphasize that "the party and government share the same responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities", which means that local party committees accept supervision together with the government, and the inspection results are an important basis for the assessment, evaluation and appointment of leading cadres.

　　China Newsweek reporter/Xu Tian

　　Environmental protection is a hot word in recent years. Among them, the central environmental protection inspector group, known as the "environmental protection imperial envoy", is undoubtedly the most concerned. "Carry out central environmental protection inspectors and seriously investigate and deal with illegal cases" was written into the 2018 Government Work Report.

　　Since the pilot project of environmental protection inspectors in Hebei Province was launched in December 2015, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group conducted inspections in another 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in four batches in July and November 2016 and April and August 2017, achieving full coverage of inspectors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country.

　　In the first round, the central environmental protection inspector filed a total of 29,000 cases to punish enterprises, with a fine of about 1.43 billion yuan; 1,518 cases were investigated and 1,527 people were detained; Interviewed 18,448 party and government leading cadres and held 18,199 accountable.

　　In the past, the Ministry of Environmental Protection also took the lead in environmental monitoring, but the monitoring object was usually enterprises, and the problems solved were partial. On July 1, 2015, the 14th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensive Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the Environmental Protection Supervision Scheme (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Supervision Scheme), and took the places with outstanding environmental problems, frequent major environmental incidents and poor implementation of environmental protection responsibilities as the preliminary inspection targets.

　　The inspection work will be carried out in the form of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group. The inspection targets are provincial and municipal party committees and governments and their relevant departments, and will sink to some municipal party committees and government departments. Environmental protection inspectors emphasize that "the party and the government share the same responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities", which means that local party committees accept supervision together with the government, and the inspection results serve as an important basis for the assessment and evaluation of the appointment and dismissal of leading cadres.

　　The commentary believes that the central environmental protection inspector has changed the traditional environmental supervision mode in China from inspecting enterprises to supervising government, which has become a major change.

　　Since the central environmental protection inspector started more than two years ago, various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have issued or revised more than 240 policies, regulations and system standards for ecological environmental protection, among which Shandong, Hainan, Sichuan and Tibet have issued documents to include environmental protection in the assessment and evaluation of cadres’ due diligence. All the 31 provinces that have conducted inspections have issued documents on the division of responsibilities for environmental protection, environmental protection supervision plans, and implementation measures for investigating the responsibility of leading cadres of the party and government for ecological environmental damage.

　　In 2018, the second round of central environmental protection inspectors will be launched soon. According to the preliminary plan, the "looking back" of the first round of inspectors will become the top priority in 2018. In addition, it will also guide local governments to establish a provincial-level environmental protection supervision system, realize the central and provincial-level supervision system and mechanism of the state supervising provinces and provinces supervising cities and counties, give play to the linkage effect of supervision, form a long-term mechanism of environmental protection supervision, and maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental protection.

　　From checking enterprises to supervising government.

　　In August 2017, the fourth batch of central environmental protection inspectors was launched, and eight central environmental protection inspectors were responsible for the inspectors stationed in Jilin, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hainan, Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang (including the Corps).

　　As in the past, before the launch, the media announced the names of the eight group leaders and deputy heads of this batch of inspectors, as well as the report phone numbers.

　　The eight team leaders are Jiao Huancheng, Wu Xinxiong, Ma Zhongping, Jia Zhibang, Zhu Zhixin, Jiang Jufeng, Yang Song and Li Jiaxiang. They all work in the National People’s Congress or Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and they are all provincial and ministerial officials. It is understood that the leader of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group generally meets the above two conditions. In addition, the officials themselves must be experienced and have a high theoretical level.

　　The deputy heads of these four batches and 31 groups are all in-service deputy ministers of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. It is understood that this is also the relevant regulations of the central environmental protection inspector.

　　Generally speaking, each central environmental protection inspector group usually has about 30 people. Except for the team leader and deputy team leader, the team members are basically from the corresponding area.

　　As a public institution of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, six inspection centers in East China, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Northeast China and North China have been established successively. The centers mainly undertake the functions of strengthening environmental protection supervision and law enforcement, responding to environmental emergencies and coordinating cross-provincial pollution disputes.

　　In 2017, the six inspection centers were renamed as inspection bureaus, and the institutions were changed into dispatched institutions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Among the institutional functions, the function of "undertaking the relevant work of the central environmental protection inspector" has been added.

　　Generally speaking, the members of different central environmental protection inspection teams are composed of the staff of the Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the area according to the area where the inspected province belongs. When manpower is insufficient, manpower will also be transferred from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other district supervision bureaus.

　　In addition, there is a general coordinator in the personnel composition. Generally speaking, the coordinator is generally served by the relevant leaders of the Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Environmental Protection under the supervision province.

　　After the inspector group is stationed, it usually carries out a one-month central environmental protection inspector. Yu Guodong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau, told China Newsweek that in 2016, during the 30-day stay in Chongqing, the Fifth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee did not rest, including weekends.

　　The outside world believes that the central environmental protection inspector has realized the transformation from inspecting enterprises to supervising government, which is conducive to the implementation of the requirements of "party and government sharing responsibilities" and "one post and two responsibilities". The process of central environmental protection supervision is indeed closely related to supervision.

　　Liu Changgen, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Supervision Office, once summarized the steps of the central environmental protection supervision into three stages when interviewed by the media.

　　The first stage is the provincial level inspector, which takes about ten days. Inspectors at the provincial level mainly carry out individual talks with provincial leaders and the main leaders of relevant departments at the provincial level, read the information of provincial party committees and governments and relevant departments, visit relevant departments mainly responsible for environmental protection, and accept letters and visits and reports. Through these methods, we can grasp the overall situation of environmental protection work in the province, focus on outstanding problems, and lay the foundation for the next inspector.

　　During the inspection in Hebei Province, the inspector group had individual talks with 26 provincial leaders, including the secretary of the provincial party committee and the governor, some provincial leaders who recently quit their leadership positions, and also the main leaders of the provincial high-level law and high-level inspection. The inspector group designed the conversation, and each question was highly targeted.

　　The questions include: what do you think are the main outstanding environmental problems in your province, where do you think the environmental problems are the most prominent, and the responsibilities are not in place. "Some leaders of relevant departments have targeted questions, such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and some cases involving the elimination of backward production capacity may be questioned."

　　Yu Guodong, deputy director of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau, told China Newsweek that the inspector group had talked with the leaders of four teams and the top leaders of relevant departments in Chongqing to learn about the formulation of policies related to environmental protection and the implementation of their duties. "If you find a problem during the inspection, you will go back and talk to this person. In short, it is an in-depth investigation."

　　The second stage is the inspector of the sinking city. The sinking inspector is aimed at the problem clues sorted out by the inspector preparation and the provincial inspector, and sinks to some cities for investigation, evidence collection and verification. It mainly depends on whether these problems are true and where the responsibility lies. The time is also about ten days.

　　There are about a hundred clues to the problem, which are not only sorted out by provincial inspectors, but also prepared for inspectors. Most of these pre-prepared questions come from the daily understanding of the environmental problems in the provinces under the supervision of the Supervision Bureau, and some come from the clues of letters and visits received by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the past.

　　Yu Guodong introduced that the clues held by the Supervision Bureau are often independent. Even when not in the period of central environmental protection supervision, the Supervision Bureau often goes directly to the cities to investigate relevant clues without going through the provincial environmental protection departments.

　　According to Liu Changgen, before the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group was stationed, relevant personnel would make unannounced visits, find out the situation and find clues, and form a list of questions and a stationing manual.

　　In addition to these clues, during the inspection period, each inspector group set up a special duty telephone and post office box to receive letters and calls from the environmental protection department of the inspected province, and most of these problems were handed over to the environmental protection department of the province for solution.

　　Yu Guodong introduced that, generally speaking, incoming calls and reports will be handed over to the localities by the inspector group on the same day, and the local environmental protection departments will also hand them over on the same day according to the localities or departments involved in the problem and settle them within the specified time. Both the problem itself and the result of the treatment should be publicized. If the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group has finished the inspection in this province, all incoming letters and calls must be handled with feedback within one week after the end.

　　It is understood that in the process of four batches of central environmental protection inspectors that have been completed, a total of 135,000 reports have been accepted by the masses, and some repeated cases have been removed. After the merger, 104,000 pieces have been handed over to the local authorities. As of October 2017, 102,000 pieces have been settled, and the settlement rate at that time exceeded 98%. About 80,000 of them are related to garbage, oil fume, odor, noise, enterprise pollution and black and odorous water problems.

　　Pan Biling, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Department, told China Newsweek that in order to understand the deep-seated causes of these problems, the Hunan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection took the lead in organizing six groups, which were responsible for the investigation and accountability of the responsibilities of the Party Committee and government and relevant departments behind the environmental problems reflected by different people during the stationing of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group.

　　hold sb accountable

　　The third stage of the inspector is to sort out, analyze and file. Liu Changgen said that on the one hand, it is to sort out the work in the first two stages and form some basic viewpoints and reporting frameworks. At the same time, according to needs, it is also possible to collect evidence for outstanding problems in unsinkable cities and carry out targeted supplementary inspections. In addition, the documents and materials involved in the work should be filed, and those returned should be returned and those taken away.

　　Generally speaking, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group will give feedback to the inspected provinces in a few months. The central environmental protection inspectors in Guangdong Province and Chongqing City were conducted from November to December 2016, and the feedback was received in April of the following year. The central environmental protection inspector in Hunan Province was conducted from April to May 2017, and the feedback was received in July of that year.

　　Liu Changgen mentioned that the inspector’s report focuses on sorting out problems and investigating cases of responsibility for ecological environmental damage. In general, 70% of each inspector’s report is about problems, 20% is about achievements, and 10% is about suggestions.

　　At present, the inspector reports received by all provinces have been made public. These inspectors’ reports are full of sharp words. For example, when the Central Fourth Environmental Protection Inspector Group gave feedback to Hainan Province, it pointed out that "some localities and departments in Hainan are complacent about the unique ecological environment in the province and blindly complacent, thinking that a good natural environment means a good job. Some cities and counties attach importance to economic development and neglect environmental protection, and are keen to engage in &lsquo; Short, flat and fast &rsquo; The quick-acting performance project, the finance relies too much on real estate. "

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection introduced at the press conference that four batches of environmental protection inspectors found six common problems in environmental protection in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). First, the atmospheric and water environment problems in some areas are outstanding; Second, the construction of environmental governance infrastructure is seriously lagging behind; Third, some nature reserves are illegally approved and illegally built; Fourth, over-exploitation of water resources; Fifth, the problem of industrial pollution is still outstanding; Sixth, rural environmental problems are more prominent. "These problems are related to China’s development stage, and also have a lot to do with local party committees and governments’ lack of attention, inaction and responsibility."

　　According to the regulations, after receiving feedback, all provinces will study and formulate rectification plans and submit them to the State Council within 30 working days. The rectification plan and the implementation of rectification should be disclosed to the public in a timely manner.

　　Subsequently, the provinces detailed the problems pointed out by the inspector group one by one, listed the rectification measures, deadlines and objectives in detail, and also stipulated the members and responsible persons of the rectification leading group. According to Liu Changgen, about half of the provinces are headed by the main leaders of the party and government, and the rest are headed by the main leaders of the party Committee or government.

　　Relevant departments at all levels immediately formulated specific rectification plans, with the main leaders of the party and government as the first responsible person. These rectification plans are reported to the province for the record as the basis for rectification of sales numbers and dispatching evaluation. In order to supervise the progress of rectification, Hunan Province implemented the following measures: scheduling on January 1st, supervising on January 1st, informing on February 1st, and commenting on March 1st. If the rectification is not promoted effectively, the rectification work is not implemented properly, the progress is obviously lagging behind, and the problems are still outstanding, measures such as exposure, notification, interview, accountability, listing supervision, and regional approval restriction will be taken as appropriate.

　　According to the rectification plan of each province, the State Environmental Protection Inspector’s Office will follow up the rectification progress.

　　In addition to the rectification of related issues, a very important reason why the central environmental protection inspector is called "an imperial envoy for environmental protection" is that the inspector group will hold relevant personnel accountable. The inspector’s feedback received by Hunan Province also includes the list of issues of accountability for ecological environmental damage sorted out by the inspector group.

　　"The central environmental protection inspector is a comprehensive inspector, and it is &lsquo; Great environmental protection &rsquo; The concept, so whether it is the environmental protection department or other departments, as long as they are dereliction of duty, they must be held accountable. " Liu Changgen said that the scope of accountability not only covers the insiders of the environmental protection system, but also includes local party and government, state-owned enterprises, grassroots communities, land, forestry, water conservancy, housing construction, agriculture, urban management, safety supervision, industrial credit, transportation, public security, development and reform, tourism and other departments related to environmental protection.

　　Accountability will undoubtedly play a deterrent role. The data shows that the first round of central environmental protection inspectors has filed a total of 29,000 cases to punish enterprises, with a fine of about 1.43 billion yuan; 1,518 cases were investigated and 1,527 people were detained; Interviewed 18,448 party and government leading cadres and held 18,199 accountable.

　　According to the deployment of the central government, in 2018, local governments will be guided to establish a provincial-level environmental protection supervision system, realize the central and provincial-level supervision system and mechanism of the state supervising provinces and provinces supervising cities and counties, give play to the linkage effect of supervision, form a long-term mechanism of environmental protection supervision, and maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental protection.

　　This is also related to the reform of the vertical management system of monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of environmental protection institutions below the provincial level.

　　In September 2016, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Reform of Vertical Management System for Monitoring, Supervision and Law Enforcement of Environmental Protection Institutions below the provincial level, which proposed that the environmental monitoring functions of environmental protection departments at the city and county levels should be taken over by the pilot provinces, which should be uniformly exercised by the provincial environmental protection departments, and environmental monitoring should be carried out through stationing in cities or across cities and counties.

　　The social environmental protection system has yet to be established.

　　At present, environmental protection inspectors have formed a trend of high pressure and normalization, but there are still some problems. To this end, the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party put forward a party proposal on further strengthening and perfecting the central environmental protection inspector.

　　When talking about this proposal, Pan Biling, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Department, pointed out that, as proposed by the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, the composition of the central environmental protection inspector, except for the team leader, is all from the environmental protection system, which easily gives other departments the illusion that the central environmental protection inspector is still an environmental protection inspector, or at least can only be regarded as an environmental protection inspector under the leadership of the central government.

　　"When we cooperated with the central environmental protection inspector, some leaders of other departments told me that this was doing things for our environmental protection department. The central environmental protection inspector is the inspector of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to the provincial party committees and governments, not the inspector of the Ministry of Environmental Protection to the provincial party committees and governments. However, due to the current situation of organizational structure, some people will have such misunderstandings. "

　　And it also raises the second question. Pan Biling believes that although one post and two responsibilities are emphasized at present, the relevant ministries and commissions such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Water Resources have not participated in supervision and supervision, and the sense of responsibility and pressure transmission of relevant local departments are not enough.

　　In addition, Pan Biling pointed out that at present, although many provinces have included environmental protection in the evaluation of cadres’ due diligence, 31 provinces that have conducted inspections have introduced implementation measures for investigating the responsibility of party and government leading cadres for ecological environmental damage, but these evaluation systems are still limited.

　　"Some cadres may think that this has little impact, but only appropriate deduction points are assessed, which is not a one-vote veto. There are still relatively few cases that really have an impact on the use of leading cadres. After all, this kind of accountability has not yet caused widespread pain. "

　　In addition, another member from Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, who did not want to be named and had participated in the Central Environmental Protection Inspector, suggested that the more important issue was how to fundamentally solve environmental problems.

　　At present, party and government leaders at all levels have paid unprecedented attention to environmental protection, promoted it and produced results, but how to consolidate the achievements and carry out it in a long-term and institutionalized way is a difficult problem.

　　Pan Biling believes that there is a new formalism, which implements documents with documents and meetings with meetings. "The problem of people’s complaints can be solved in a week or half a month. But this solution is short-term. Environmental pollution control can’t be solved just by implementing responsibilities. In the long run, it must rely on funds and project management. This requires the government to increase investment, but it is not enough to rely on the government alone. It also requires the participation of enterprises and even the whole society. "

　　At present, there is a great pressure on environmental governance funds at the grassroots level. "In many places, it is very good to guarantee the basic livelihood, and there is no spare money for environmental protection. It is not enough to implement responsibilities and convey pressure at all levels. " He suggested that the government should continue to increase the proportion of capital investment in environmental protection.

　　Yu Guodong also said that many places are facing the adjustment of industrial structure because of environmental pollution. This requires the cooperation of various government departments, guiding the development of green industries in this region, giving subsidies in funds, giving support in policies, and even coordinating and bridging the gap between local governments.

　　In addition, Pan Biling also pointed out that environmental pollution is not only caused by enterprises, but also by everyone. For example, driving, eating barbecue, setting off firecrackers and fireworks, and even daily life may all cause the discharge of waste gas and wastewater.

　　However, some environmentalists pointed out that for the people, there should be good schools and public hospitals next to the new real estate, but there should be no garbage disposal facilities and sewage treatment facilities. When the real estate is sold, it is afraid to publicize that there are such facilities around. During the construction, the people complained or directly asked to stop work. There is indeed a big gap in the facilities in China.

　　It can be said that the environmental protection system of the whole social system has not been fully established. Pan Biling believes that China must make great changes in the system and mechanism, capital investment and other aspects, and the improvement of environmental quality can achieve remarkable results.

　　China Newsweek, No.10, 2018

　"Actor in Place" and "The ultimate work of the director is shown in advance in the cinema"

1905 movie network news　 The variety show Actor in Place was held in Beijing on December 7th. The short films Haircut, Truth, Brother and AI directed by Chen Kaige, Li Shaohong, Zhao Wei and Jing M.Guo appeared on the big screen in turn.

Li Shaohong and Zhu Yanmanzi attended the event.

After the screening, Li Shaohong, director of The Truth, Ming Dow, Aaron and Junfeng Niu, starring in Haircut, Wilson, the representative of Brother Group, and Jin Jing, the heroine of AI, all appeared to canvass for their respective short films and share their works with the audience.

Jin Jing regrets that everything is like a dream.

Li Shaohong’s short film "The Truth" was inspired by the new script, and Wilson exposed more invitations.

The short film The Truth, starring young actors Zhou Qi and Vivian, reveals the "truth" of a mysterious death case in a midnight villa for the audience with layers of reasoning. For director Li Shaohong, these two students are completely like "two children". "Our group doesn’t know how to turn around, and the youngest two actors are here. I was really a little confused at that time. But I have no choice. I have to choose a theme according to these two children. " Li Shaohong said that many people will want to shoot on campus, children or families when they see young actors. "I have a reverse thinking, because I think that such a short short film will make these two children shine, and to create a prescribed situation for them, there must be something explosive."

Director Li Shaohong.

It is also very stressful for Li Shaohong to try to shoot a short film after a long time. Due to the intensive program schedule, the average time left for each team to create short films is less than three days. When I first came into contact with this form, Li Shaohong admitted that he had no bottom in his heart. Therefore, in the process of writing the script, in addition to showing the performance ability of the "little actors" to the maximum extent, she also learned from her previous filming experience and the direction of the script being created. Li Shaohong’s debut is that last year she made a film with the theme of "No Gambling". "I will shoot an anti-drug film this year, so I think we can do the Truth first and take it as an attempt in the direction of (anti-drug film)." Li Shaohong said.

Li Shaohong shared his creative ideas on the spot.

Actor Wilson, as the only representative of the "Brother" group, appeared and met after the screening. In the short film, he plays the role of "elder brother" with mental retardation. Wilson revealed that director Zhao Wei advised him to "watch more documentaries" before filming: "Because my previous understanding of people with mental retardation was vague, I learned a lot of nutrients from documentaries and used them in the film."

Wilson’s role in challenging intellectual obstacles this time.

In the process of interpreting this role, Wilson was very involved: "During the filming, a drunk passerby suddenly came to pat the money in my hand. I was really upset at that time, because I was in a state of mental retardation and couldn’t fight back. I could only hide in the tent and cry."

Wilson interacts with the audience.

In addition to the experience in performance, Wilson also bluntly said: "Too much help, and now there are more people looking for me to act!"

Ming Dow and Aaron talk about the actor’s "explosive metaphysics": it is useless to fight for the position, and there is no good script.

Headed by Chen Kaige, the Haircut Group has attracted much attention. The director uses a small barber shop to tell his story: the barber shop master (Ming Dow) is shaking because of drinking, while the young apprentice (Aaron) wants to pass on the hairdressing skills. At this time, they meet a seriously ill customer (Junfeng Niu), and their only wish is to have their hair cut again before chemotherapy.

　Actor Ming Dow.

During the filming of the short film, the director Chen Kaige impressed the three people with his ability to train the actors. Aaron bluntly said: "I never knew what I felt when I acted for everyone, but the feedback he gave me after working with the director was a great encouragement to me. For an artist who may be defined as an idol and a singer, (he made) I believe that I can act myself, and I thank the director Kaige for his encouragement. "

Actor Aaron.

In the program "Actors in Place", the participating guests have discussed the topic of "Actors are red or not". On the spot, Ming Dow and Aaron both responded frankly to the question of "Do you believe in red metaphysics?". "Red is not red, it will directly affect the script you received. Frankly speaking, this is a very practical thing. When I entered the business, I said that I just wanted to play a good show. It doesn’t matter if I don’t become famous, but in fact we know that there will be no good show without becoming famous. " Ming Dow pointed out sharply that, although not all, it is still very important for an actor to have a "position" in the audience’s mind.

Aaron, on the other hand, believes that many things will happen to actors who care too much about whether they are red or not: "If you care about the position and whether the name on the poster is in front, it will make your whole working state out of focus. Red is troubled by red, not red is troubled by red, and life is a way out of trouble. It is all an experience. I don’t care that it is fake, but it is true that it will not be affected by it. "

Aaron responded "Do you believe in red metaphysics?"

Ming Dow agreed with his point of view. "I haven’t seen people who have been red for a long time don’t work hard, and I haven’t seen people who don’t work hard for a long time, that’s all. It does have a lot of luck, but if you don’t deserve it, the time will be short. "

Ming Dow shared the harvest with the audience.

On December 14th, "Actor in Place" will usher in the final championship battle.