Low-carbon, Agriculture and Rural Areas Make Great Achievements —— On behalf of the Commissioners, talk about the low-carbon development mode of agriculture and rural areas

　　"Low carbon" is one of the hottest words at the two sessions this year. CPPCC members’ proposals are piled up with "low carbon", and NPC deputies discuss "low carbon" hotly, and group discussions are also inseparable from the topic of "low carbon". "Low carbon" has become the "new favorite" that people pay attention to for a time. So, what is "low carbon" and what does agriculture and rural areas do in developing low carbon? The insights of the deputies explain the "low carbon" of agricultural and rural development from different angles.

　　The meaning of the transformation of agricultural development mode

　　"Low-carbon agriculture is first of all an idea and a development direction of agricultural transformation development mode. The essence of the low-carbon concept is to save energy. " Shang Xunwu, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Gansu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, said.

　　Zhang Quanguo, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and dean of the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Henan Agricultural University, further explained low-carbon agriculture. He said: "Agriculture, as the basic industry of the national economy, is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, and it is also increasingly affected by the greenhouse effect. How to formulate low-carbon agricultural development policies and reduce carbon emissions in agricultural production has increasingly become the focus of attention from all walks of life and one of the key areas to be considered in regional economic development. It is imperative to change the agricultural production mode as soon as possible and develop low-carbon and high-efficiency agriculture. "

　　At present, in China’s agricultural production mode, some production habits do not meet the requirements of low carbon, which is neither economical nor polluting the environment. Taking fertilization as an example, Meng Tieying, deputy stationmaster of soil and fertilizer station in Xincheng County, Guangxi Province, said that because there is a lot of local rain, heavy rain usually causes farmland to be flooded. Traditional fertilization methods make the loss of fertilizer very serious, which not only increases the cost, but also pollutes the environment. Farmers urgently need a fertilizer that can control the release rate. Data show that the low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is the main reason for environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizers. In addition to crop absorption and utilization and soil residue, more than 50% of nitrogen is not absorbed by crops and lost to farmland, which has caused a series of environmental and food safety problems, such as eutrophication of water, soil hardening, greenhouse effect and degradation of agricultural products quality.

　　Zhang put forward a proposal to develop low-carbon agriculture. He believed that it is necessary to cultivate the management concept of low-carbon agriculture, vigorously promote the innovation of agricultural production system, implement the management assessment responsibility system for energy saving and emission reduction in agriculture-related production, and gradually develop and improve agricultural energy efficiency standards from the height of national laws and regulations. He also proposed that we should pay attention to the research on low-carbon agriculture, including the integrated application research of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink expansion technologies such as energy, environment, building structure, water supply and drainage, and green space.

　　Science and technology support low carbonization of agricultural production

　　Shang Xunwu said that there are many articles that can be done to develop modern agriculture and realize the development of agriculture from extensive to refined. It can be said that in the agricultural field, it is very feasible to achieve low carbon.

　　He said that many aspects of agriculture can consider how to achieve low carbon. For example, he said that from the perspective of agricultural inputs, such as water resources, agriculture consumes a lot of water, but now the way of using water is unreasonable, causing great waste. Water is used for irrigation, but also consumes electricity. If water is saved, irrigation energy is saved, and it is low-carbon.

　　Zhang Quanguo gave a concept of low-carbon agriculture. "Low-carbon agriculture is a modern agricultural development model. Through various means such as technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, and new energy development and utilization, energy consumption and carbon emissions are reduced as much as possible to achieve a win-win situation for agricultural production development and ecological environment protection." He further explained that low-carbon agriculture is the further development of eco-agriculture and green agriculture, which not only advocates less use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and efficient agricultural production like eco-agriculture, but also pays more attention to the reduction of overall agricultural energy consumption and carbon emissions in the process of planting, transportation and processing, when the use of energy such as electricity, oil and gas is increasing.

　　Shang Xunwu gave his own suggestions on how to promote low-carbon agriculture. First, strengthen the role of technology and promote low-carbon technology in agriculture. The second is the innovation of production mode. For example, intensive production, through cooperatives and professional associations to promote centralized production and management, improve efficiency.

　　Zhang Quanguo also holds the same view: supporting the sustainable development of agriculture by improving the technical content of low-carbon agriculture.

　　Taking the scientific and technological development of fertilizer research and development as an example, China has supported the low-carbon fertilization in fertilizer technology research and development. Liu Jianwen, a representative from Agricultural Economics Center of Agriculture Bureau of Linshu County, Shandong Province, said that in recent years, fertilizer enterprises in Linshu have achieved remarkable results in research and development, production and popularization of slow-release fertilizers in low carbon. For example, he said that hundreds of slow-release fertilizer products developed and promoted by Jin Zhengda Group, the largest production base of slow-release fertilizers in Asia, are suitable for field crops in China. Xu Weigang, deputy director of Wheat Research Center of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, summed up the advantages of slow-release fertilizers in low carbon: slow-release fertilizers can control nutrient release according to crop nutrient demand, which changes the shortcomings that fertilizers can not meet the different demands of crops at different growth stages because of rapid dissolution and nutrient loss, and can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, protect the environment, save energy, simplify crop production technology and help farmers reduce costs and increase income.

　　For supporting the development of low-carbon agriculture with science and technology, Zhang put forward more specific suggestions. He suggested: First, improve the low-carbon agricultural infrastructure in the core grain producing areas. Intensify integration, focusing on the construction of modern facility agriculture demonstration parks, ecological animal husbandry, grain (leafy vegetables) functional areas and other projects to lay a good foundation for accelerating the development of modern agriculture. Second, strengthen the cultivation of excellent varieties adapted to low-carbon environment. At the same time, we should vigorously promote the innovation of farming system and promote a number of development models such as stable grain and high efficiency, farming-pastoral cycle, and paddy-upland rotation. Third, greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and reduce the carbon content in agricultural development. Such as using manure, compost or organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and increasing soil nutrients through returning straw to the field.

　　The era of low-carbon rural life is coming.

　　Low-carbon mode not only has great achievements in agricultural production, but also the conditions for developing low-carbon in rural areas are ripe. Zhang Quanguo said that to develop low-carbon agriculture, it is necessary to develop new energy sources in rural areas and realize the diversification of rural energy consumption structure. Such as comprehensive utilization of straw, livestock manure, solar energy and other renewable energy resources to meet the needs of rural domestic cooking energy, rural domestic electricity and domestic hot water.

　　Twenty years ago, Tengtou Village, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, which wrote environmental protection into the villagers’ convention and established the only village-level environmental resources protection committee at that time, was the forerunner of rural low-carbon. Fu Qiping, the general secretary of the village party branch, said that building a "low-carbon" ecological village was the golden key to rural development. "To develop a’ low-carbon’ economy and achieve harmony between man and the natural environment, rural areas should also shoulder the burden." Fu Qiping believes that the future "low-carbon" life is a high-quality, healthy and civilized lifestyle.

　　"A large number of solar cookers in the western rural areas will greatly reduce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning firewood (grass, wood), gas and coal." Ren Qixing, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Population, Resources and Environment Committee, said. He said that the western region of China has a long sunshine time and relatively rich solar energy resources, which is most suitable for popularizing solar cookers in large quantities. Ren Qixing suggested establishing financial support policies and giving appropriate financial subsidies to the purchase of solar cookers in rural areas. At the same time, vigorously support solar cooker manufacturers, give tax incentives, and help enterprises improve output, quality and scientific and technological content to meet the needs of promoting the use of solar cookers in rural areas.

　　Coincidently with Ren Qixing, Hao Yuan, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice governor of Gansu Province and chairman of the Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce, is also very concerned about the utilization of solar energy. He put forward the Proposal of Implementing the Solar Energy "South Wall Plan" at the two sessions. Its core idea is to use the south facade of the building facing the sun, including the heat collection wall, air collector and additional sunshine room on the south facade, to convert the collected solar radiation energy into heat energy as much as possible, and then transfer it to the room to achieve the purpose of heating and warming.

　　In order to promote a lower-carbon lifestyle in rural areas, Zhang also suggested that the development and application of biogas technology should be widely promoted, and at the same time, the agricultural and sideline residues should be fully utilized to improve the low-carbon utilization of straw. He said that China’s annual crop straw output is about 700 million tons, half of which can be used as energy, equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. He suggested focusing on the research and development of "trinity" complete technology and equipment for low-carbon utilization of straw. The core grain producing areas such as Henan Province are selected to carry out innovative research and demonstration application of low-carbon agricultural renewable energy and energy-saving engineering technology integration.