Original Zhao Bei Ten-Point Science

Because of the aging immune system, vaccines are less effective for the elderly. Scientists believe that it is more important and more widely used to develop drugs that can enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop vaccines for the elderly.

Along with skin aging, there is also the immune system. | Figure worm creativity

Author | Doctor of Immunology, Zhao Bei

Recently, many deaths caused by influenza vaccine in Korea have attracted attention. As of October 31st, the death toll rose to 83, of which 71 were over 70 years old (accounting for 85.5%). In addition to the possible quality problems of the vaccine itself, it also reminds us of the fact that the role of the vaccine for young people and the elderly is different.

This is also a difficult point in the development of COVID19 vaccine.

Increasing age, and aging immune system

As people get older, we experience a series of physical changes, such as hearing loss, skin relaxation, joint injury and so on, and even the vitality of the immune system gradually decreases. This phenomenon is called "immune aging". This is also the reason why the elderly have become the main targets of infection and death in Covid-19.

In the face of the out-of-control epidemic in COVID-19, USA, and the emergence of the second round of epidemic peak in Europe, vaccine research and development is in full swing in various countries, which is expected to be a life-saving straw to reverse the situation.

However, vaccines, a means of "actively mobilizing the human immune system to prevent real virus attacks", are usually far less effective in the elderly population-the immune response of the elderly to vaccines is often weaker. That is, the immune system of the elderly is more difficult to be mobilized by vaccines.

This means that vaccines may not protect those who need protection most.

So, how does the immune system age?

Our bodies are naturally resistant to most pathogens. Although the environment is full of pathogens, we still live well most of the time.

The human immune system is divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. The former is universal immunity. When the body encounters foreign objects (such as skin and mucous membrane), innate immunity will respond quickly. However, although it responds quickly, its ability is limited and it is often broken. For example, when it meets Covid-19, it can’t hold on.

The latter is the acquired immunity of the body, that is, for some pathogens that have not been seen before, the body must first fight with it and learn from it before it can gain immunity to it. The power of acquired immunity is very powerful. As long as the body can withstand the attack of pathogens in "learning" and meet the same pathogens in the future, it will not be a problem at all. For example, infectious diseases such as smallpox and chickenpox, if you get it once, you will generally not get it again.

When the body is invaded by foreign pathogens, such as viruses, innate immunity and acquired immunity will cooperate to resist.

In the innate immune system, immune cells, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells, will recognize or even devour the virus first, and secrete a large number of cytokines to summon more immune cells with different functions to join the battle. Some of these cells, such as phagocytes and dendritic cells, will also transmit the antigens of these viruses (substances that can cause antibody production) to the subsequent T cells and B cells, which are representatives of acquired immune cells.

T-cells and B-cells (shown here as antibodies produced by B-cells) are representatives of immune cells, and they are named after mature parts. The former is mature in thymus (English) and the latter is mature in bone marrow (English). Both are star immune cells. | Figure worm creativity

These two kinds of cells can not only produce antibodies and cytokines to quickly destroy the virus, but also form specific memory cells, so that they can respond quickly after encountering the same virus again.

When the immune system destroys the virus, immune cells will gather locally in the body, forming redness, swelling and heat pain, which is what we usually call inflammation. Proinflammatory factors secreted during this period, such as interleukin -1 and tumor necrosis factor α, can promote the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, but excessive inflammation may lead to cytokine storms and even life-threatening. Another kind of anti-inflammatory factor, such as interleukin -10, can prevent excessive inflammation and maintain the balance of the body environment.

These factors together constitute our immunity.

And what will happen to our immune function as we get older? What is the impact on vaccine development?

Compared with young people, the immune aging of the elderly is mainly manifested in two aspects:

The initial number of T cells and B cells decreased. Vaccine mainly stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. Only when there are a large number of B cells with high diversity of receptors in the body, the greater the probability of recognizing antigens, and the targeted (directional) antibodies and memory B cells can be formed. -The decrease of B cells will undoubtedly weaken this effect.

Chronic low-grade inflammation is easy to occur after vaccination. The aging and necrotic cells in the elderly can not be removed in time, which will stimulate the immune system continuously, causing immune cells (such as macrophages) to continuously secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the immune response cannot be terminated. The consequence is that the immune system can’t respond the next time the pathogenic microorganism attacks the human body, that is, immune dysfunction.

These lead to different effects of vaccines in the elderly and young people.

Vaccine research and development under "immune aging";

A special vaccine or an auxiliary drug to reverse aging?

For Covid-19, there are about 50 kinds of vaccines being tested in the world, but scientists are still not sure whether the vaccines are equally effective for the elderly.

One of the vaccines "mRNA-1273" being developed by Moderna, a biological company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, produced antibody levels similar to those of younger subjects in 40 subjects over the age of 56.

However, Pfizer and BioNTech, pharmaceutical companies located in Mainz, Germany, found in the first phase of the experiment that the antibody level induced by the vaccine "BNT162b2" was only half that of young people. It is certain that the antibody level produced by the elderly after vaccination is higher than that caused by the virus infection of their peers, but this is still not enough to explain whether the antibody induced by "BNT162b2" is enough to protect the elderly from the real virus attack.

Most of the vaccines being developed have elderly subjects, but more than half of the 18 latest candidate vaccines have no elderly subjects in clinical trials, which greatly increases the potential risks of vaccines to the elderly.

Some vaccines are being developed, which may have hidden dangers for the elderly. | Figure worm creativity

Facing the phenomenon of immune aging of the elderly, scientists are also actively looking for strategies.

Mainly includes the following two aspects:

(1) The first is how to enhance the immune response of the elderly induced by vaccines.

According to the experience in the research and development of influenza vaccine, the elderly are usually treated by increasing immune stimulating components (such as adjuvants) or increasing the dose of virus antigen to achieve the expected antibody level.

Other scientists have turned to developing drugs to enhance the immune system function of the elderly, that is, supplementing drugs at the same time of vaccination. This way aims to promote the rejuvenation of the immune system of the elderly, even reverse immune aging, and can also resist the virus more effectively when it is infected.

In the above two schemes, the research on reversing age, especially immune aging, has made some progress. In the past 20 years, scientists have found some key small molecular targets. One kind of anti-aging drugs acts on the protein molecule mTOR in the cell growth regulation pathway. Experiments show that inhibiting the expression of mTOR can prolong the life of Drosophila and even mice.

Joan Mannick, one of the founders of resTORbio, a biotechnology company in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, said that "mTOR participates in many biological regulation mechanisms, especially the process of human aging and organ dysfunction".

During his work at Novartis Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mannick published a study on mTOR protein in 2018, trying to answer the question "Can reducing the content of mTOR protein in the elderly improve the immune system function of the elderly?". 264 participants in the study received low-dose mTOR inhibitor or placebo respectively, and after six weeks, the infection rate of influenza virus and the effect of influenza vaccine were followed up. It was found that the number of people suffering from influenza in the elderly who received mTOR inhibitors decreased significantly, and the immune response caused by influenza vaccine was stronger.

Another study shows that mTOR inhibitor RTB101 can enhance the immune response of the elderly after coronavirus infection, and the elderly who receive mTOR inhibitor have lower coronavirus load and recover faster. At present, resTORbio is testing the preventive or therapeutic effect of RTB101 on Covid-19 infection in 550 elderly people over 65 years old in nursing homes.

In addition, at least four research teams are studying the therapeutic effect of rapamycin, another more mature mTOR inhibitor, on the elderly over 60 years old infected with COVID-19.

In addition, metformin, a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, also inhibits the activity of mTOR protein. Clinical data from China and the United States show that diabetic or obese patients who take metformin have less symptoms of Covid-19 infection and lower mortality.

Carolyn Bramante, a researcher at the University of Minnesota in the United States, pointed out that people with diabetes and obesity show immune deficiency very similar to that of the elderly. At present, Bramante and his colleagues are conducting a study involving 1,500 people to explore whether taking metformin can prevent Covid-19’s infection or alleviate its symptoms. Although the mechanism is not clear, decades of clinical data show that metformin has high safety, can be used in children and even pregnant women, and the cost is very low, which are the advantages of metformin.

(2) The second key is how to avoid causing or how to terminate chronic inflammatory reaction.

Studies have found that losmapimod, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat muscular dystrophy, can inhibit chronic inflammatory response and improve the body’s response when viruses or bacteria invade. A biological company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA recruited 400 volunteers to verify the therapeutic effect of losmapimod on patients with COVID-19. The drug may be able to treat symptoms such as respiratory failure after Covid-19 infection, thus saving patients’ lives.

Many scientists say that it is more important to develop drugs to enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop COVID-19 vaccine for the elderly, and the latter is more universal, which can improve the protection effect of influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine and even other vaccines in the future. A deep understanding of immune aging and its regulation mechanism and the development of related drugs will also have far-reaching implications for the treatment of other diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

In short, although there are always difficulties in vaccine development, known or unknown, scientists have been working hard and believe that methods will always be found.

(Editor Gao Peiwen)

Original information:

Cassandra Willyard, Nature vol 586, 15.10.2020

Reference information:

1. Anderson E. J.et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 2020

2. Walsh E. E. etal., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 (2020)

3. Helfand B. K. I. et al., JAMA Intern. Med., 2020

4. Mannick J. B. et al., Sci. Transl. Med., 2020

5. Luo P. et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2020

6. Bramante, C. et al., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135095(2020)

7. Vukmanovic-Stejic M. et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2018

The article was published by "Ten Points of Science" (ID: Science _ 10) WeChat official account, please indicate the source.

Original title: "Immune aging that cannot be underestimated: old age may lead to ineffective vaccines"

Read the original text

　　On October 26th, an exclusive interview with DRIs was held in Beijing.

　　Yang Yuexin, Chairman of China DRIs Revision Expert Committee and Chairman of China Nutrition Society, Ma Aiguo, Deputy Chairman of the Revision Committee and Executive Vice Chairman of China Nutrition Society, Ding Gangqiang, Deputy Chairman of the Revision Committee, Secretary of the Party Committee of China Nutrition Society and Director of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China CDC, Yang Xiaoguang, Vice Chairman of China Nutrition Society and researcher of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peng Xianwu, the supporting unit of DRIs revision and general manager of Amway (China) Science and Technology Innovation Center, attended the interview and interpreted the new revision.

　　Yang Yuexin introduced that the 2023 edition of China DRIs is the ninth edition. The revised expert committee and technical working group composed of nearly 100 nutrition experts lasted for three years. Based on the four basic principles of scientificity, advancement, integrity and continuity, the different reference intakes of 20 age groups including energy, nutrients and other dietary ingredients and pregnant women and lactating mothers totaled more than 70 nutrients and other dietary ingredients, which were revised and confirmed, and were held at the 14th Asian Nutrition Conference in September 2023.

　　The revision of DRIs in 2023 mainly includes four aspects. First, the concepts and procedures have been improved and perfected. Different procedures for determining different reference values of nutrients have been newly formulated, and the technical points of each link of the formulation procedures have been uniformly determined. The concepts and connotations of recommended intake and specific recommended values for reducing the risk of diet-related non-communicable diseases have been further clarified and improved. Secondly, the basic reference values of China population were formulated and revised, including age grouping, representative weight, reference value of breast milk composition, recommended weight gain of pregnant women, PAL of physical activity level, etc. Thirdly, the new research results of nutrients and other dietary components in the past decade at home and abroad in the fields of function, evaluation, requirement, safety and prevention of chronic diseases have been included, and more research results targeting China residents have been included. Fourth, from the writing framework, format and other styles, it highlights the positioning of reference books centered on quantitative values.

　　Peng Xianwu believes that this revision has far-reaching guiding significance for the big health industry, such as the data of newly added plant nutrients such as coenzyme Q10 and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, and the quantification of nutrients such as proanthocyanidins, which will help Amway and industry to develop products and guide consumers to use them.

　　Peng Xianwu introduced that in 2022, Amway and China Nutrition Society established Nutrilite Special Fund for Plant Functional Components and Health Research, aiming at attracting more research institutions and personnel to participate in the research direction of plant nutrients, opening up production, learning and research, transforming research results into products faster, and making more scientific research results benefit the public.

　　This revision has greatly changed the protein intake of the elderly and the calcium supplement standard for adults. Yang Xiaoguang believes that China has entered an aging society, and the elderly and ordinary people can’t meet the demand for protein, which is easy to lead to sarcopenia. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the dietary structure of the elderly and increase the intake of protein. Yang Xiaoguang introduced: "The 2023 edition of DRIs revised the requirement of protein for the elderly aged 65 and above in China, and its recommended intake increased from 0.98 g/(kg day) to 1.17 g/(kg day), which is an important achievement".

　　Ding Gangqiang said that in recent years, the health awareness of Chinese residents has been continuously strengthened, and dietary nutrition and healthy behaviors have been continuously formed, but chronic diseases related to nutrition are still increasing. It is hoped that the release of the 2023 edition of DRIs will further guide the needs of China residents in all aspects of dietary nutrition, especially how to achieve a reasonable and balanced diet, and complete the objectives of the second largest action of Healthy China Action-Reasonable Diet Action.

　　The revision of DRIs has a wide range of significance and value. First, it has scientific value, which determines the types and quantities of nutrients that each person should consume every day qualitatively and quantitatively. Second, social value is an important basic data support for formulating relevant policies, regulations and standards; The third is the value of technical support, which plays an important guiding role in the dietary design and evaluation of collective feeding units such as schools and nursing homes, the nutrition labeling of prepackaged foods, and the product research and development of food enterprises.

In the domestic auto market, if you are going to buy a car with a hybrid electric system, then this Japanese car with a very smooth technology is worth considering. If everyone’s budget is around 200,000, Nissan Qijun e-POWER, Honda CR-V e:HEV and Toyota Rongfang are all worthy of consideration. Below, we will interpret the selling points of the three models and the highlights of hybrid technology respectively. You can choose one according to the needs of car purchase.

1. Nissan Qijun e-POWER

The appearance of Nissan Qijun e-POWER adopts Nissan’s latest V-motion design language, and its shape is still very atmospheric, which conforms to the aesthetics of home users. The big sofa seat inside is very comfortable, and it is not easy to feel tired after sitting for a long time.

The intelligent configuration of this car is a highlight, especially the intelligent safety. It is equipped with an enhanced version of ProPILOT super intelligent driving, and has a number of intelligent driving assistance functions, such as reversing car side warning, moving object/pedestrian detection warning, over-the-horizon collision warning, etc. It can be said that car safety can be guaranteed in different scenarios.

In terms of power, Nissan Qijun e-POWER is composed of a 1.5T range extender and dual motors. Although it uses the engine to supply power to the motor just like the extended range system, the e-POWER is different from it, because the engine only has the job of "power supply" and the motor is responsible for all the driving forces. This has the advantage that the fuel consumption can be effectively reduced, and its minimum comprehensive fuel consumption is only 6.36L. At the same time, this technology does not need to be equipped with a large-capacity battery, so it will naturally not occupy the seating space.

In addition, this car is also equipped with Snow Fox electric four-wheel drive e-4ORCE, which has five driving modes such as snow and off-road. Because it is completely electronically controlled for four-wheel drive, the response is very fast, the control and tracking are also highlights, and the driving experience is more guaranteed.

2. Honda CR-V e:HEV

Honda Cr-V E: The appearance of HEV continues the design of the fuel version, with an atmospheric shape and a certain sporty atmosphere. The interior part is still introverted, with many physical buttons and convenient operation.

The biggest attraction of intelligence is the addition of Honda SENSING 360 safety extrasensory function, which can monitor the driver’s status and surrounding conditions in real time, and prompt and assist braking in time if potential danger occurs.

In terms of power, Honda CR-V e:HEV adopts the fourth-generation i-MMD dual-motor hybrid technology, which consists of a 2.0L engine and a drive motor. Compared with the previous-generation hybrid system, the fourth-generation i-MMD hybrid system improves the power of the drive motor, and the efficiency of the two-speed clutch is also higher, thus effectively reducing fuel consumption, and its comprehensive fuel consumption is only 5.49L, making it very easy to maintain a car. In addition, compared with the fuel version, due to the addition of the motor, the ride comfort of the model is more outstanding when starting and driving at low speed.

3. Toyota Rongfang Double Engine

The appearance of Toyota Rongfang twin engines is tough, and the interior part looks old-fashioned, but the materials are still willing, such as leather steering wheel and leather seats.

In addition, the new Toyota Rongfang dual-engine launched last year has improved the intelligent driving assistance system a lot, adding functions such as emergency steering assistance and active deceleration in corners to ensure smoother driving.

In terms of power, Rongfang Twin Engine adopts Toyota’s fifth-generation THS II hybrid system, which consists of a 2.5L engine and a motor. A major feature of this system is to replace the Ni-MH battery that has been used for many years with a lithium battery. In this case, the battery volume is greatly reduced, and the power control unit has also been lightened, and the comprehensive power has been improved to some extent.

At the same time, the addition of lithium battery reduces the energy loss of the motor by 19%, and the driving force of the motor is stronger. Not only is the power strong, the comprehensive fuel consumption is still economical, and the minimum fuel consumption is only 5.1L, so it is very easy to maintain a car. In addition, Toyota Rongfang dual-engine four-wheel drive technology is also worth mentioning. It has three four-wheel drive systems: electronic four-wheel drive, dynamic torque vector control system and dynamic torque control system. The output torque of the rear wheel is obviously improved, and the torque distribution ratio of the rear wheel is added, so that maneuverability and stability are guaranteed.

general comment

It can be seen that the compact SUVs blessed by the three hybrid electric power systems are very atmospheric in shape. Although the interior can’t keep up with the trend, it still has certain intelligent functions and comfortable configuration, and the power system is naturally the biggest highlight of the three joint venture vehicles. With the addition of the motor, driving can get better ride comfort, and the key fuel consumption is much more economical than that of similar oil vehicles, and the cost of car use can be effectively reduced. Which of the above three oil-mixed SUVs do you prefer?

Affected by this round of "refrigerator-level" cold wave, freezing rain and snow occurred in Lechang, Ruyuan and Nanxiong in Shaoguan City, which is located in the alpine mountain area of northern Guangdong Province, resulting in the interruption of many roads, among which the northern section of Shaoguan (Beijing-Zhuhai-North) of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway was closed for more than 100 hours by noon on January 26th due to road icing and snow.

On the 30th, the reporter learned from the traffic police department of Shaoguan Expressway that although the traffic police department has separately diverted vehicles to Guangle Expressway at Ruyuan Toll Station Interchange in the northbound direction of Beijing-Zhuhai and Pingshi North Interchange (K5) in the southbound direction since the early morning of the 26th, there are still vehicles that "mistakenly entered" Beijing-Zhuhai North and stayed on the icy expressway.

On the morning of January 29th, Shaoguan high-speed traffic police found a large truck with Zhengzhou license plate in Henan parked on the expressway when they were inspecting the Beijing-Zhuhai North Bridge section which had been closed due to snow and ice. The traffic police came forward to ask and learned that the driver of the large truck "mistakenly broke into the restricted area" when passing through the traffic control section and drove to the icy section, so the vehicle could not move on and it was worth stopping on the road. The traffic police department immediately sent a batch of food and warm items for the drivers of large trucks to resist hunger and cold.

At noon on the 30 th, the road icing situation near the parking position of the big truck improved. The traffic police department immediately assisted the driver of the big truck to install anti-skid facilities and commanded the big truck to slowly reverse and leave the expressway.

On the morning of 29th, during an interview in Ruyuan Bridge Town, the reporter found that a car with Shenzhen number plate was parked on an icy uphill section of Bridge Town on G240 National Highway, and the windshield, rearview mirror and body were covered with a thick layer of ice and snow, and the car was empty. A triangular warning sign was placed about 30 meters behind the car, and the car was suspected to have been temporarily "abandoned" by its owner.

The roads with snow and ice are prone to traffic accidents. The picture shows the traffic police urgently handling the accident vehicles on Guangle Expressway.

The traffic police reminded the majority of car owners not to drive on ice and snow roads as much as possible, especially most Guangdong drivers who lack experience in driving on ice and snow roads. If they must drive on ice and snow roads, they should install snow chains as much as possible, and try to keep driving at a constant speed during the driving process. If there are wheel tracks in front of them, they can follow the rut; When the vehicle is accelerating, lightly step on the accelerator to prevent the driving speed from suddenly rising and slipping, or the two wheels encounter different resistances during the rapid acceleration, resulting in lateral sliding; Don’t hit the steering wheel when driving, slow down in advance when turning, and increase the turning radius appropriately to prevent sideslip.

At the same time, the traffic police reminded that because the friction of ice and snow pavement is smaller than that of dry pavement, it is necessary to increase the safe distance during driving to prevent rear-end collision. Don’t slam on the brakes when braking. The correct way is to "point the brakes" and use the engine to slow down the speed. When parking, park in a sheltered and flat place as far as possible. When parking on a slope road, it is necessary to prevent the car from slipping. Bricks or stones can be used to pad the bottom wheel position.

　　Cctv newsNine times out of ten, life is not satisfactory, only a little joy.

　　The four children got what they wanted, and they all had their own places after the college entrance examination; Three families bumped into each other, experienced anxiety and pain, and finally gained their own little joy … The hit TV series Little Joy, which has been unhappy all the time, finally ushered in a relatively "satisfactory" ending.

　　Little Tao Hong, who hasn’t taken the role for many years, didn’t expect Little Joy to be so popular. At first, he didn’t want to take the role of "Song Qian". He just joined in with the mentality of helping, and only agreed after turning on the phone, not to make a strong comeback. "I don’t have a play, but I don’t have nothing to do every day. I’m busy." Since he married Xú Zhēng, Tao Hong Jr. has gradually faded out of people’s sight and devoted himself to his wife. After having a daughter in 2008, accompanying her to grow up day by day became the happiest thing for Tao Hong Jr.

　　It’s not easy to tidy up a home. It took 10 years to learn how to be a mother. After returning to the family, Tao Hong Jr. once again attracted attention with the image of such a paranoid mother and became the most discussed mother in Little Joy. The audience remembered that Tao Hong, who had a pair of peach eyes, had interpreted so many classic characters. She has been clever and charming in Black Eyes, Empty Mirror, Sunny Days and Pig with Bright Spring, and she never forgets anything.

　　Interestingly, on the one hand, he became famous too early and left the screen for too long, so that many young viewers didn’t know little Tao Hong at all; On the other hand, the image of "Song Qian", an unlovable but true "Chinese-style" mother, makes people see Tao Hong’s acting again. "I feel great, don’t know me, so I can ‘ Do whatever you want ’ Play more different roles. "

　　Not long ago, Christina’s speech at the FIRST Film Festival calling on directors and producers to give Mesozoic actresses a chance caused a heated discussion. The passive situation that the subject matter is far away, the role is missing, and the older actress has no play is once again put on the table. In "Little Joy", in addition to the formidable young actors, the excellent acting skills of six middle-aged actors are the quality guarantee of the whole play.

　　Tao Hong Jr. thinks that this is not something that a middle-aged actress can’t play in the final analysis, but something that the whole middle-aged women group is not concerned by the society. "Without corresponding attention, there will be no film and television works, and no works will tell them. Who will we play?" Nowadays, Tao Hong Jr. is more relaxed. He never picks up plays at random, and he doesn’t need to prove that he can act. If he has good works, he will come out and perform. With inner satisfaction and family harmony, Tao Hong Jr. no longer "competes" with herself, and the pressure and anxiety of middle-aged actresses do not exist here.

　　Yongmei and George W. Tao Hong are old acquaintances. It’s been 20 years since they first collaborated on Where Dreams Start to Little Joy. In the play, Yongmei’s gentle and intellectual mother "liujing" is not only in sharp contrast with Tao Hong’s tough mother "Song Qian", but also has a special friendship with Song Qian’s daughter "Eiko". Many viewers reported that they were often moved to tears by this unforgettable friendship between liujing and Eiko.

　　Making friends with a child, supporting each other and making progress is also Yongmei’s favorite counterpart. Playing mother is nothing new to Yongmei. In "Little Joy", Yongmei, who has never been a mother, just deduced the most ideal mother in the hearts of countless people, giving this role the most comfortable and appropriate appearance, and his acting skills can be seen.

　　Yongmei has always been the kind of actor whose audience is particularly familiar with but whose name is unknown. Liujing, who is as gentle as jade and generous in understanding, has more or less Yongmei’s own shadow. She often gives people the impression of extraordinary temperament. She speaks slowly and eloquently, and people and voices are very comfortable. It seems that seeing her will make her feel better.

　　After 23 years of debut, Yongmei, a non-trained actress, is not a prolific actress. In the entertainment industry, she is even less eager to achieve success and pursue fame and fortune. At the beginning of the year, it seems that the afterheat of Yongmei’s winning the first Berlin film in the mainland with Wang Xiaoshuai’s film Auld Lang Syne has just dissipated. Little Joy is so gentle that liujing in her bones is once again surrounded by powder, and Yongmei, who has always been low-key, has reached a new high in fans and attention, which has made everyone have new expectations for her.

　　The audience slowly understood her story. She has always maintained a cautious sense of alienation in the entertainment industry. After four years without filming, she once said, "I am waiting for the role that belongs to me. I am not in a hurry, so don’t worry." Yongmei, who is in no hurry, still has a temper when she has an opinion. When there is no filming, there are works to find her, and she can only play some unnecessary wife roles. "How to say, like a shelf without a soul." Yongmei refused.

　　"I also have times when I am not gentle, more stubborn and more individual, and sometimes when I am unreasonable." As long as it’s a good character, dynamic and touching, even if it’s repeated, Yongmei thinks it can be played. It’s not that she doesn’t feel the confusion of middle-aged actresses, especially in domestic scripts, which are always stereotyped and faceless, lacking all kinds of middle-aged female images. Therefore, when he meets a good role and cast, Yongmei cherishes it especially. There are some phenomena that she doesn’t agree with and can’t change, but she believes that the current situation that there is no market for powerful actors is slowly changing. At present, it is most important to be yourself.

　　Sha Yi had only eight episodes in Little Joy, and as a special actor, he was a veritable "supporting role". However, as soon as he appeared, "Qiao Weidong" who opened his mouth "Eiko, open the door, stay" contracted all the jokes of the audience. Sha Yi’s "Qiao Weidong" was originally an out-and-out "love rat" image, dressed in flowery shirts, whiskers and crew cut, and quickly won the title of "rustic old man".

　　You can feel the "greasy" of "Qiao Weidong" through the screen. However, it is such a father who is full of humor, afraid of his wife and loves his daughter, and has become the favorite of the audience among the three fathers. Some people say that just seeing Sha Yi’s face makes him want to laugh, and he is a man with his own jokes. With superb acting skills, Sha Yi has successfully promoted the role of "Qiao Weidong" to one of the important leading roles, and more and more scenes have been played.

　　Sha Yi, who had a childhood filter, frequently searched for Little Joy. The charming Bai Zhantang disappeared completely and was replaced by the good father "Old Joe" who knew, loved and cared for children.

　　Over the years, Sha Yi has never faded out of public view, but it seems that he has only done one thing, being a good father to Angie and Xiaoyu. Although not yet a son, Sha Yi, who relies on his two sons to perform variety shows frequently, teases himself that he has ushered in the second spring of his career, which makes him feel helpless.

　　Time is like killing a pig, getting fat and getting out of the dimple. It is hard for people to think that "Qiao Weidong" and "Bai Zhantang" are the same person in Sha Yi now. Legend of the Wulin is indeed the pinnacle of Sha Yi’s popularity and career, but since then, although he has played some roles intermittently, the audience’s impression of him still stays in "Bai Zhantang". Sha Yi seems to be used to it, too. It is much more difficult for him to be a father to his two sons and accompany them to grow up than to be an actor. He doesn’t mind being a green leaf in the family.

　　It is precisely because every character in the play is so lively and all the actors are acting online that "Little Joy" has left so many viewers wanting more. The actors we knew as children are no longer young or even forgotten by us, but when they appear, they are always warm and bright. Just as the director said, life is like "looking for sugar in glass slag" to "joy", and every grain is precious. (Text/Wang Jiaying)

　　Beijing, March 1 ST "The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build an educational power, which is an arduous, historic and grand task. To build an educational power, we must first improve the quality of basic education, and we must first improve the quality of Chinese and mathematics." Recently, Wang Wenzhan, former director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and deputy chief inspector, said this at the launching ceremony of the national "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth mathematics comprehensive ability exhibition sponsored by the Central Network Film and Television Center of the Communist Youth League, undertaken by Future Network and Shui Mu Hsinchu Education, and supported by the Education Research Center of China Teacher magazine.

　　Launching Ceremony of "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" National Youth Mathematical Comprehensive Ability Exhibition.

　　Wang Wenzhan, former director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and deputy inspector general, stressed that the activities should adhere to the "three natures" and "three noes", which are not only public welfare, exhibition and interesting, but also do not exceed the standard, increase the burden on students and rank second. It is also pointed out that basic education is the foundation of the whole education, Chinese and mathematics are the foundation of the foundation, and the education for teenagers in the whole country is the most important part of the education system, while the basic education for teenagers is the foundation of all education. Our country’s achievements in mathematics are excellent in the world, and it ranks among the top in the world. This excellent momentum will continue, and it needs the joint efforts of people from all walks of life who are enthusiastic about education.

　　Wang Wenzhan, former Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and Deputy Chief Inspector.

　 　

　　Xin Tianhao, executive editor-in-chief of the Communist Youth League Central Network Film and Television Center and Future Network.

　　"Mathematical culture, as a spiritual and non-cognitive psychological level, is eternal, which can influence and achieve people’s life." Xin Tianhao, executive editor-in-chief of the Network Film and Television Center of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and Future Network, introduced it at the launching ceremony.

　　Lin Yuanlie, Professor of Mathematics Department of Tsinghua University

　　Lin Yuanlie, a professor of mathematics at Tsinghua University, and the leaders and guests present deeply discussed the charm of mathematics. He explained in detail two famous sayings of predecessors: "Mathematics is the key to open the door to science" and "Mathematics is the queen of science", and called on the vast number of young people in China to explore the endless treasure in mathematics.

　　Tian Yumin, Director of Education Research Center of China Teacher Magazine.

　　Tian Yumin, director of the Education Research Center of China Teachers magazine, also said that this kind of comprehensive ability exhibition has a positive role in promoting students’ learning ability and learning habits, and should be strongly supported by all sectors of society. The "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth comprehensive mathematical ability exhibition is a good start, and he is looking forward to more positive public welfare comprehensive ability exhibition activities.

　　

　　Wang Zhengpu, General Manager of Beijing Shui Mu Hsinchu Education Technology Co., Ltd.

　　"The purpose of this exhibition is to promote the mathematics culture, set off an upsurge of loving, learning and using mathematics in the whole country, and make students understand, like and enjoy mathematics more comprehensively, so as to continuously improve their mathematics literacy." Wang Zhengpu, general manager of Beijing Shui Mu Hsinchu Education Technology Co., Ltd., also said in his speech that students will appreciate the beauty of mathematics, build a spiritual communication between me and mathematics, and realize that mathematics plays an inestimable role in the development of human culture.

　　It is understood that the purpose of the "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" National Youth Mathematical Comprehensive Ability Exhibition is to promote mathematical culture, stimulate the interest of primary and secondary school students in learning mathematics, explore more outstanding mathematics talents, develop their intelligence, popularize mathematical science, help the majority of young people discover their own mathematical talents, and enable students to fully understand, like and enjoy mathematics, and constantly improve their mathematical literacy. The proposition of this activity is universal and interesting, and all the topics seem simple, but students need to think hard in the process of solving them, and there are many solutions, which are helpful for students to open up their minds and stimulate the potential of mathematical comprehensive ability. Some topics combined with real-time hot spots make mathematics, an abstruse subject, return to life, and encourage students to apply what they have learned to solve practical problems in life with mathematical thinking.

　　From now on, the "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth mathematics comprehensive ability demonstration activity will be carried out one after another throughout the country, and the majority of young people who love mathematics can sign up for the activity.

CCTV News:In Wonsan, the eastern city of North Korea, there is a famous factory that produces leather shoes. The "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes produced here have excellent workmanship and fashionable styles, which are well received by the Korean people. This factory is Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory.

At the North Korean National Footwear Exhibition in 2018 and 2019, a leather shoes brand named "Yingfengshan" made a big splash for two consecutive years and won the first prize and the special prize respectively. This brand came from Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory.

Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory was founded in 1959 and has a history of 60 years. Kim Jong-un, the current top leader of North Korea, came to Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory five times since 2014, and it was from 2014 that the development of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory entered the fast lane.

CCTV reporter Dong Haitao:This pair of shoes on the exhibition platform was produced in 2007, while this pair of shoes on this side was produced in 2017. It can be seen that there are great differences in texture, design and workmanship between them in the past ten years.

Independent research and development, independent manufacturing and self-reliance

According to the factory commentator, the entire production system of the factory is independently developed by North Korea, and the raw materials for shoemaking are also independently produced by North Korea, while the electricity is provided by national power stations such as Yuanshan Military and Civilian Power Station. They are at the forefront of North Korea’s footwear industry in implementing national policies and realizing self-reliant production, and factory employees are particularly proud.

Zhao Mingshi, head of technical department of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory:We received many favorable comments and won the special prize at this spring national footwear exhibition in North Korea.

Cui Hua, a female worker in Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory:I am a shoe-maker, and I like the ladies’ sandals produced by our factory best. Sandals are women’s favorite footwear products in summer, and we have successfully controlled the weight of women’s sandals within 250 grams.

Nowadays, the vast majority of shoemaking employees in the factory have more than 5 years of shoemaking experience, and the factory will arrange different kinds of leather shoes production plans according to the season, personnel arrangement and product demand.

CCTV reporter Dong Haitao:I’m at the end of the production line of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory, where all kinds of leather shoes are displayed. I’m going to have a try now. Let’s try on this pair of pointed leather shoes first. They look very fashionable. The sole is solid and powerful, and it walks steadily. It is a good pair of shoes.

Leather shoes factory is looking forward to expanding production.

Since 2014, the quality of "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes has been continuously improved, but the price is very close to the people. Take the pair of leather shoes that I just tried on as an example. The ex-factory price is only 25,000 yuan, which is equivalent to about 20 yuan, which is quite good and cheap. The factory commentator told me that the supply of factory products to the Korean people is already in short supply, and they hope to expand production in the future and strive to make "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes go global.

　　Recently, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau jointly issued the Key Points of Digital Rural Development in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the Key Points). The circular calls for adhering to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Central Rural Work Conference, and conscientiously implementing the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2022, the Strategic Outline for the Development of Digital Villages, and the National Informatization Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan. Give full play to the driving and empowering role of informatization in rural revitalization, accelerate the construction of a digital economic system that leads rural industrial revitalization, build a digital governance system that adapts to the development of urban-rural integration, constantly promote new progress in rural revitalization, and push the construction of digital China to a new step.

　　The "Key Points of Work" defines the work goal: by the end of 2022, new and greater progress will be made in the construction of digital villages. Digital technology has strongly supported the foundation of agriculture to be more stable, and the results of poverty alleviation have been further consolidated. The construction of rural digital infrastructure continued to advance, and 5G networks covered key towns and some key administrative villages. The Internet penetration rate in rural areas exceeded 60%. The rural digital economy has accelerated, the level of agricultural production informatization has steadily improved, and the retail sales of agricultural products e-commerce network has exceeded 430 billion yuan. The rural digital governance system has been continuously improved, the information service for the benefit of the people has been continuously deepened, farmers’ digital literacy and skills have been effectively improved, and the pilot construction of digital villages has achieved initial results.

　　The "Work Points" deployed 30 key tasks in 10 aspects. The first is to build a digital barrier to food security, including strengthening the monitoring of information on stable agricultural production and supply, and improving the digital level of farmland construction management. Second, continue to consolidate and improve the effectiveness of network assistance, including strengthening dynamic monitoring and assistance to prevent poverty, and optimizing and improving network assistance measures. The third is to speed up the filling of the shortcomings of digital infrastructure, including continuously promoting the construction of rural network infrastructure and promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of rural infrastructure. Fourth, vigorously promote the construction of smart agriculture, including consolidating the foundation of smart agriculture development, accelerating the digital transformation of agriculture, strengthening the supply of agricultural science and technology innovation, and improving the digital level of agricultural product quality and safety traceability. The fifth is to cultivate new formats of rural digital economy, including deepening the development of agricultural products e-commerce, cultivating and developing new formats of rural areas, strengthening rural digital financial services, and strengthening the information management of rural resource elements. Sixth, the prosperity and development of rural digital culture, including strengthening the construction of rural network culture positions and promoting the digitalization of outstanding rural cultural resources. The seventh is to improve the efficiency of rural digital governance, including promoting the intelligentization of rural party building and village management, improving the digitalization level of rural social governance, promoting the intelligentization of rural emergency management, and using digital technology to help rural epidemic prevention and control. Eighth, expand the digital service space for benefiting the people, including developing "Internet+education", "Internet+medical health", improving social security information services, deepening employment and entrepreneurship information services, and promoting rural consumption upgrading.The ninth is to speed up the construction of smart green villages, including improving the monitoring level of rural natural resources and ecological environment and strengthening the digital governance of rural human settlements. The tenth is to promote the construction of digital villages as a whole, including strengthening overall coordination and pilot construction, strengthening policy guarantee and financial services, and strengthening the construction of digital rural talents.

　　Key points of digital rural development in 2022

　　The year 2022 is a crucial year for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. It is of special significance to stabilize the basic agricultural sector and do a good job in "agriculture, countryside and farmers". The development of digital villages should adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Central Rural Work Conference, and conscientiously implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2022, the Strategic Outline of Digital Village Development and the National Informatization Plan of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Give full play to the driving and empowering role of informatization in rural revitalization, accelerate the construction of a digital economic system that leads rural industrial revitalization, build a digital governance system that adapts to the development of urban-rural integration, constantly promote new progress in rural revitalization, and push the construction of digital China to a new step.

　　I. Work objectives

　　By the end of 2022, new and greater progress will be made in the construction of digital villages. Digital technology has strongly supported the foundation of agriculture to be more stable, and the results of poverty alleviation have been further consolidated. The construction of rural digital infrastructure continued to advance, and 5G networks covered key towns and some key administrative villages. The Internet penetration rate in rural areas exceeded 60%. The rural digital economy has accelerated, the level of agricultural production informatization has steadily improved, and the retail sales of agricultural products e-commerce network has exceeded 430 billion yuan. The rural digital governance system has been continuously improved, the information service for the benefit of the people has been continuously deepened, farmers’ digital literacy and skills have been effectively improved, and the pilot construction of digital villages has achieved initial results.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) to build a digital barrier to food security

　　1. Strengthen information monitoring of stable agricultural production and supply. Strengthen digital supervision in the field of grain purchase and sale, and speed up the construction of a digital supervision system with full coverage, whole chain and whole process of central and local governments. Establish and improve the market monitoring and early warning system of important agricultural products, and strengthen regulation and emergency support by classification and variety. Upgrade and improve the integrated platform of national and provincial agrometeorological services, promote the application of meteorological monitoring technologies such as satellite remote sensing and soil moisture data fusion, carry out refined agrometeorological disaster forecasting and early warning, and improve the ability of food safety meteorological services.

　　2. Improve the digital level of farmland construction management. Accelerate the establishment of a national comprehensive monitoring and supervision platform for farmland construction, improve the permanent basic farmland database, and build a "one map" of farmland construction in the country. Comprehensive use of satellite remote sensing and other monitoring technologies to strengthen the whole process monitoring and accurate management of high-standard farmland. We will further promote the national black soil protection project and explore the use of remote sensing monitoring and information management to supervise the quality of black soil cultivated land. Using satellite remote sensing images and information technology, we will strengthen the dynamic monitoring of "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland throughout the country.

　　(2) Continue to consolidate and improve the effectiveness of network assistance.

　　3. Strengthen dynamic monitoring and assistance to prevent poverty. Improve and optimize the monitoring information system to prevent poverty, and include farmers who are at risk of returning to poverty and suddenly have serious difficulties in the monitoring scope. In view of the emerging problems found due to disasters, causes and epidemics, timely implement social assistance, medical security and other assistance measures. Promote the construction of dynamic monitoring information platform for low-income population, and strengthen the active discovery mechanism, dynamic monitoring and hierarchical classification assistance for rural low-income population.

　　4. Optimize and improve the network assistance measures. Increase support for the upgrading and transformation of broadband networks in poverty-stricken areas, especially in key counties for national rural revitalization. Continue to carry out accurate fee reduction for poverty-stricken households. Continue to promote the construction of key radio and television projects that benefit the people. Comprehensively improve the operational service level of agricultural and sideline products online sales platform in poverty-stricken areas and expand the sales scale of agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas. Using the new generation of information technology to consolidate and expand the achievements of ecological poverty alleviation. Encourage central enterprises to actively develop digital rural projects in poverty-stricken areas in combination with fixed-point assistance work, and strengthen infrastructure construction, innovation of operation mode and coverage of interest linkage. Relying on the action of "making every enterprise prosper every village", we will guide private enterprises to support the construction of digital villages in poverty-stricken areas. Give full play to the advantages of online letter enterprises and continue to carry out public welfare projects of digital village cohesion action.

　　(C) to speed up the completion of digital infrastructure shortcomings

　　5. Continue to promote the construction of rural network infrastructure. Continue to deepen the universal service of telecommunications and promote the breadth and depth coverage of rural optical fiber and 4G networks. Facing rural and remote areas with conditions and needs, we will gradually promote the construction of Gigabit optical fiber networks and accelerate the use of low frequencies to carry out rural 5G network coverage. Fill in the shortcomings of communication network facilities in border areas, and comprehensively use satellite communication and other access means to provide users with broadband network access services. Implement smart radio and television rural projects and continue to promote the special action of smart radio and television to serve rural revitalization.

　　6. Promote the digital transformation and upgrading of rural infrastructure. Further improve the digital management mechanism of rural roads and strengthen the construction of basic data statistics, collection and sharing mechanisms. Vigorously promote the construction of smart water conservancy, and continue to carry out digital twin basins and digital twin water conservancy projects. Accelerate the improvement of water conservancy infrastructure system in rural areas and promote the intelligent transformation of water conservancy infrastructure. Continue to implement rural power grid consolidation and upgrading projects to improve rural power supply reliability and power supply support capacity. Support business circulation, postal service and express delivery enterprises to strengthen the infrastructure construction of cold chain logistics in agricultural products producing areas and actively promote the informationization of cold chain logistics.

　　(D) Vigorously promote the construction of smart agriculture

　　7. Consolidate the foundation for the development of smart agriculture. Continue to promote the application of high-scoring satellite data in agricultural remote sensing. Actively promote the coverage of mobile Internet of Things in rural areas and increase the deployment of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in agricultural production scenarios. Accelerate the construction and application of agricultural and rural big data, focus on building a national agricultural and rural big data platform, establish and improve the agricultural and rural data resource system, and build a "one map" of national agricultural and rural big data. Relying on the national seed industry big data platform, the database of agricultural germplasm resources was constructed. Further promote the construction of big data in the whole industry chain of single varieties of important agricultural products.

　　8. Accelerate the digital transformation of agriculture. Vigorously promote the application of digital breeding technology, build a digital breeding service platform, accelerate the transformation from "experience breeding" to "precision breeding", and gradually develop design breeding. Accelerate the application of information technology in agricultural production and operation, and improve the efficiency of agricultural production and operation. Strengthen the digital coordination of the whole grain industry chain, and promote the whole chain of grain production, purchase, storage and marketing. Improve the function of the national grain trading platform and develop mobile transactions. Accelerate the digital transformation of supply and marketing service outlets and build a comprehensive platform for "digital supply and marketing" to serve agriculture. Continue to do a good job in promoting the implementation, supervision and management of digital agriculture and rural projects, and further give play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural and rural informatization demonstration bases.

　　9. Strengthen the supply of agricultural science and technology innovation. Strengthen the R&D and manufacturing of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, and implement the national key R&D plan "Key technologies and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment in factory farming" and "R&D and integrated application of common key technologies in rural industries". Using special support to adapt to a number of agricultural machinery and equipment such as rice planting machinery in southern hilly areas. Implement the subsidy policy for agricultural machinery purchase and application, and promote the application of Beidou intelligent terminal in agricultural production. Accelerate the preparation of the national agricultural machinery and equipment industry measurement and testing center. Build an information management service system for science and technology commissioners to improve their service efficiency.

　　10 to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products traceability digital level. Improve the national agricultural product quality and safety traceability management information platform. Continuously improve the traceability information system for organic product certification, and further optimize the public inquiry service of the certification information system for food and agricultural products. Guide leading grain processing enterprises and "China Good Grain and Oil" demonstration enterprises to carry out quality traceability. Accelerate the application of traceability platform for agricultural materials quality and safety in China, and build and improve the national cotton industry information platform.

　　(E) Cultivate new formats of rural digital economy

　　11. Deepen the development of agricultural products e-commerce. Further promote the project of "internet plus" agricultural products leaving the village and entering the city. We will continue to deepen the concept of "developing agriculture with a number of merchants", cultivate and promote online brands of agricultural products, carry out certification, funding and promotion of characteristic agricultural products, and promote the development of characteristic industries with branding. We will promote the work of postal express service for agricultural special products from villages to cities, cultivate modern agricultural demonstration projects for express service, build a demonstration zone for the coordinated development of rural e-commerce express delivery, and continue to promote the integrated development of transportation and postal express delivery. In-depth implementation of the youth rural e-commerce cultivation project, the formation of "Qingyun China" live broadcast to help agriculture alliance, and extensive "Qingyun China" live broadcast to help agriculture activities. We will continue to develop "women’s e-commerce" and cultivate industries that support women’s advantages and characteristics.

　　12. Cultivate and develop new rural formats. Strengthen the brand building of key villages and towns in rural tourism, and increase the online promotion of rural tourism brands. Improve the rural tourism monitoring system. Continue to hold the Yangtze River Delta Rural Cultural Travel Maker Conference to promote the effective combination of entrepreneurial innovation and rural revitalization. Promote the development of new Internet-based formats such as leisure agriculture, creative agriculture and adoption agriculture. Relying on China National Geographical Names Information Database, we will deepen the promotion of rural geographical names information service.

　　13. Strengthen rural digital financial services. Continue to promote the development of rural digital inclusive finance, and actively and steadily carry out the construction of inclusive finance Reform Experimental Zone. Increase the application and promotion of financial technology in rural areas, and accelerate the research and development of financial products suitable for the needs of farmers and new agricultural business entities. We will further promote the construction of rural credit system and continuously improve the coverage of credit. We will continue to promote the construction of rural payment service environment, promote online processing channels and fund collection services for central bank account business of rural financial institutions, and promote the sinking of mobile payment convenience services to rural areas in counties.

　　14. Strengthen the information management of rural resource elements. Improve the national, provincial, city, county and other interconnected rural land contract information application platforms, and steadily carry out online signing of rural land contract. Guide all localities to improve the online signing system of rural contracted land management rights transfer contracts, and improve the standardization and information management level of rural contracted land management rights transfer. Encourage all localities to establish a network trading platform for the transfer of rural contracted land management rights, and standardize services such as policy consultation, information release, contract signing, transaction verification, rights evaluation, financing guarantee, and file management. Explore the construction of rural homestead database and management information system.

　　(VI) Prospering and developing rural digital culture.

　　15. Strengthen the construction of rural network culture positions. We will continue to deepen the construction of county-level media integration centers and expand the coverage of public welfare projects for East-West cooperation and exchange in county-level media integration centers. Increase support for online audio-visual programs on the theme of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and enhance the supply of high-quality content resources. Standardize the Internet religious information service, strengthen the supervision and disposal of harmful information on the Internet in rural areas, and vigorously publicize the party’s religious work theory, principles and policies. We will continue to carry out various special actions such as "Clean Net" and "Clear Lang" to create a safe and healthy network environment for children in rural areas.

　　16. Promote the digitalization of outstanding cultural resources in rural areas. We will strengthen the excavation and protection of outstanding traditional cultural resources in rural areas, further promote the key projects of the 14 th Five-Year Plan for the inheritance and development of Chinese outstanding traditional culture, and continue to promote the implementation of the national cultural digitalization strategy. We will continue to improve the construction of digital museums of famous historical and cultural towns and villages and traditional villages in China, and promote the implementation of ethnic village projects in Yunshang. Relying on the rural digital cultural relics resource library and digital exhibition, we will promote the digital permanent preservation and open utilization of rural cultural relics resources.

　　(7) Improve the efficiency of rural digital governance.

　　17. Promote the wisdom of rural party building and village management. Optimize and upgrade the modern distance education system for cadres in party member, and constantly improve the informationization and scientific level of rural grassroots party building work. Accelerate the full coverage of online government services at the provincial, city, county, township (town, street) and village (community) levels, strengthen the construction of city and county government service platforms, and provide accurate and refined government services for rural residents. Implement the village-level comprehensive service upgrading project to improve the informationization and intelligence level of village-level comprehensive services. Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive information management platform for rural housing, and improve the informatization level of rural housing construction management and service.

　　18. Improve the digital level of rural social governance. Explore and promote the new model of digital rural governance and expand the digital application scenarios of rural governance. Carry out standardization construction of grid service management, and deepen the construction of Zhi ‘an community and safe countryside. Continue to strengthen the networking application of video image system construction in rural public areas, and actively promote the in-depth application of video image resources in epidemic prevention and control, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency management and other industries and fields. Continue to carry out the activities of "rural revitalization and rule of law", further promote the construction of public legal service platform, further strengthen the popularization and application of mobile intelligent mediation system, and accelerate the construction of a modern public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, which is convenient, efficient, equal and inclusive.

　　19. Promote the wisdom of rural emergency management. Improve the intelligent digital grid forecasting technology system, promote the accurate early warning signals of heavy rain and sudden strong convection in local areas to townships (towns and streets), and build an extreme weather monitoring and early warning service system. Relying on the integrated monitoring system of air, space and earth, strengthen disaster risk monitoring in rural disaster-prone areas. We will implement projects such as informatization of natural disaster monitoring and early warning, rapid reporting and early warning of national earthquake intensity, and strengthen early warning information services for remote rural areas, pastoral areas and mountainous areas. Continue to carry out publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas.

　　20. Use digital technology to help rural epidemic prevention and control. Strengthen the monitoring of rural epidemic information, upgrade the communication big data platform, support the accurate prevention and control of rural normalized epidemic situation and the emergency response of local epidemic situation, and improve the accuracy and timeliness of regional investigation data. Promote national mutual recognition of health codes and one code communication. Make full use of the Internet, emergency broadcast terminals and other information means to carry out vaccination, epidemic prevention and control and other aspects of policy measures and knowledge popularization and publicity.

　　(8) Expanding the service space of digital benefiting the people.

　　21. Develop "Internet+Education". Accelerate the construction of new educational infrastructure, continuously improve the network construction of rural primary and secondary schools, and improve the network carrying capacity and service quality of primary and secondary schools. Through satellite TV and broadband network, high-quality educational resources are delivered to weak schools and teaching points in rural areas. Constantly improve the national public service system of digital education resources, strengthen the function of the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools, and promote the cooperation between digital resources and the East. Continue to carry out special training and donation activities on educational informatization, and improve the educational informatization literacy of teachers and students in rural areas. We will continue to research and develop digital national common language learning resources, and continue to carry out research and development of national language informatization.

　　22. Develop "Internet+medical health". Build an authoritative, unified and interconnected national health information platform, and promote all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels to be included in the regional national health information platform. Steadily promote the intensive cloud deployment of information systems in medical institutions. Promote the "Internet+Medical Health" and "Five Ones" service actions, continue to strengthen the construction of telemedicine service networks, and promote the sinking of quality medical resources. Guide local governments to explore the construction of grassroots digital health communities. Continue to promote the application service of electronic license and promote the joint office of "one thing is born". We will further promote the service of "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine" and deepen the popularization and application of the health information platform of the Chinese Medicine Museum. Accelerate the application of a unified national medical security information platform, and gradually establish an information sharing mechanism for medical expenses of patients. Before the end of 2022, at least one designated medical institution in each county will realize the direct settlement of medical expenses including outpatient expenses across provinces.

　　23. Improve social security information services. We will continue to improve the construction of a unified national social insurance public service platform, establish a "one-card" service for residents with social security cards as the carrier, further optimize rural grassroots social security services, and continuously expand the scope of services. Accelerate the popularization and application of the national social assistance system and promote the extension of social assistance services to the mobile terminal. We will broaden the service mode of "cross-provincial general office" for two subsidies for the disabled and promote the realization of "full-course network office". Increase the supervision function of the national information system of two subsidies for the disabled, and improve the accuracy of subsidies. Carry out the aging and barrier-free transformation of Internet websites and apps, and formulate the aging and barrier-free transformation plan for localized Internet applications.

　　24. Deepen employment and entrepreneurship information services. We will continue to improve the construction of employment information platform and strengthen the employment monitoring and analysis of poverty-stricken population, migrant workers, rural youth and other groups. Make full use of the internet platform to collect job information, and broaden the channels for farmers to go out for employment and find jobs nearby. Carry out vocational skills training for groups such as rural migrant workers and returning migrant workers, and support and help them find jobs and start businesses. Promote Internet enterprises to carry out Internet-assisted agricultural projects in rural areas, and open up new channels for farmers to increase their income.

　　25. Promote the upgrading of rural consumption. We will continue to implement county-level commercial construction, expand the coverage of rural e-commerce, improve the three-level logistics distribution system in counties and villages, and promote the expansion, upgrading and upgrading of rural consumption. Support large-scale commercial circulation enterprises, e-commerce platforms and other service enterprises to extend to rural areas, and accelerate brand consumption and quality consumption into rural areas. Accelerate the construction of rural delivery logistics system, promote the "express delivery into the village" project by classification, and promote the joint distribution of rural delivery logistics. Promote universal postal coverage in border villages. Guide traditional business circulation and postal enterprises to strengthen data-driven, promote digital product innovation, intelligent operation management and accurate service for agriculture, and support enterprises to accelerate digital and chain transformation and upgrading.

　　(9) Accelerate the construction of smart green villages.

　　26. Improve the monitoring level of rural natural resources and ecological environment. We will continue to organize the investigation and monitoring of natural resources, the construction of real-life three-dimensional China, and expand the construction of three-dimensional "one map" of natural resources, the basic information platform of land and space, and the application system of natural resources supervision and decision-making. Explore and promote the construction of national ecological monitoring, evaluation and early warning system, including rural areas. Accelerate the construction and application of forest and grass ecological network perception system, and promote the "real use and real connection" and "interconnection" of all related business systems of the perception platform. Promote the selection of national forestry and grass information demonstration zones.

　　27. Strengthen the digital governance of rural human settlements. Establish an online acceptance mechanism for rural human settlements, and guide rural residents to participate in the online supervision of human settlements through APP and small programs. Constantly improve the rural environmental monitoring system, and continuously strengthen the monitoring of environmental factors and key regulatory targets. Improve the monitoring capacity of water environment and water ecology in rural areas. Continue to strengthen the information management of rural domestic garbage collection, transportation and disposal, and improve the level of sewage and garbage treatment in villages and towns. Carry out the demonstration work of high-scoring satellite in the monitoring and application of rural human settlements.

　　(ten) to promote the construction of digital villages as a whole.

　　28. Strengthen overall coordination and pilot construction. Guide local governments to establish and improve the overall coordination mechanism for digital rural development, and promote the implementation of the Digital Rural Development Action Plan (2022-2025). Study and formulate the evaluation index system of digital rural development and carry out the evaluation of digital rural development. We will issue guidelines for the implementation of the digital village standard system and strengthen the standardization of digital villages. Continuously improve the guidelines for the construction of digital villages. Complete the summary and evaluation of the first batch of national digital village pilots, and encourage local governments to carry out regional digital village pilots. Make full use of the media, live broadcast platform, network audio-visual programs and other channels to tell the story of rural revitalization, sum up and promote typical experiences, and create a good social atmosphere.

　　29. Strengthen policy guarantee and financial services. Increase financial investment and guidance, make overall use of existing agriculture-related policies and funding channels in accordance with regulations, and support the construction of key digital rural projects. Strengthen financial institutions’ credit and financing support for key digital rural construction projects and high-quality agriculture-related enterprises, new agricultural business entities and rural employment and entrepreneurship groups. We will continue to increase the supply of rural finance and improve the adaptability of county credit funds throughout the country. Create a demonstration zone of financial services for rural revitalization and innovation according to local conditions. Continue to promote the demonstration project of financial technology to empower rural revitalization. Encourage local governments to explore the construction of a digital rural service resource pool and guide social forces to participate in the construction of digital villages in an orderly manner.

　　30. Strengthen the construction of digital rural talent team. Continue to carry out the training of farmers’ mobile phone application skills, organize network security education and training, and enhance the digital literacy and personal information protection awareness of rural population. We will continue to send strong staff to make good use of the first resident secretary and team, and strengthen the education and training on the application of modern information technology to rural party member cadres. Continue to strengthen the construction of new rural development research institutes in colleges and universities, and increase the supply of vocational education in areas where talents are urgently needed, such as agriculture and rural areas. Vigorously carry out information training for rural tourism talents, young talents in agriculture and rural science and technology, and compound talents.

CCTV News:The Paris Olympic Games is in full swing, and the spirit of Olympic athletes’ tenacious struggle and self-breakthrough in the Olympic Games is inspiring. The TV programs of the Paris Olympic Games of the Central Radio and Television General Station were broadcast live in more than 800 cinemas across the country, attracting many viewers to watch the games.

On the evening of August 4th, Beijing time, the men’s singles table tennis final of the Paris Olympic Games began, and China’s Fan Zhendong played against Sweden. In a movie theater on BeijingRoad, Guangzhou, the audience cheered for China’s Fan Zhendong.

There is a strong atmosphere in the cinema to watch the Olympic Games. When the games enter a stalemate, the audience hold their breath and say hello. When the China athletes scored a point, the audience cheered loudly and waved flags to cheer.

In the end, Fan Zhendong won 4-1, winning the third gold medal for the China table tennis team. When the national flag was raised and the national anthem was played, all the audience in the cinema stood up and sang the national anthem, and their hearts surged.

Watching the Olympics in cinemas: covering more than 800 cinemas in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chengdu.

"Watching the Olympics in the cinema" is the first time in China to broadcast the Olympic Games live on the cinema screen. At the same time, the Olympic Games were broadcast on the main station "100 cities and 1000 screens". The audience felt the fighting style of Olympic athletes in the diverse scenes between domestic cinemas and urban streets.

The film list of the live broadcast of "Watching the Olympics in the Cinema" was attended by the China team and at 18: 00 Beijing time — The popular games that started at 21: 00 are mainly, covering more than 800 cinemas in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu and other cities. Among them, table tennis, badminton, women’s volleyball and other traditional advantage events of China delegation were welcomed by the audience.

The introduction of the Olympic Games into cinemas not only provides a new channel for the masses to watch the Paris Olympic Games, but also builds a new platform for the audience to appreciate the elegance of China athletes, feel the spirit of sports and unite national feelings.

In addition, this year’s Paris Olympic Games brought a brand-new watching experience to the national audience with the help of the general station "100 cities and 1000 screens". Through 1075 ultra-high-definition large screens of diversified scenes such as core business districts, city squares and transportation hubs in 112 cities including Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Sichuan, the contents of 8k ultra-high-definition Olympic Games will be continuously broadcast, so that urban audiences can share the wonderful moments of this sports feast.

　　3 according to the application of public government information charges.

　　In accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the Municipal Finance Bureau and the Municipal Development and Reform Commission on Cleaning up and Regulating a Batch of Relevant Policies for Administrative Charges (J.C.Z. [2017] No.569), since April 1, 2017, this Municipality has stopped charging fees for disclosing government information upon application. As of March 31, 2017, all administrative organs in the city charged 20,147.6 yuan for searching, copying, mailing and other fees for providing government information upon application in accordance with the Measures of Beijing Municipality on Charges for Providing Government Information upon Application. For rural five-guarantee recipients, urban and rural residents’ minimum living guarantee recipients, and special care recipients who receive state pension subsidies, the relevant expenses are exempted in accordance with the law, totaling 1,185.5 yuan.

　　(four) administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation and reporting.

　　1. Administrative reconsideration

　　The city’s administrative organs accepted 1330 cases of administrative reconsideration of government information disclosure, including 376 cases accepted by the municipal government, 515 cases accepted by 16 district governments and 439 cases accepted by government departments with administrative reconsideration functions. A total of 1,386 cases of administrative reconsideration of government information disclosure were concluded in the whole year (including cases carried over from the previous year), of which 975 were informed of the government information disclosure reply made by the administrative organ, 249 were revoked, 27 were confirmed to be illegal, 19 were ordered to perform their statutory duties within a time limit, 35 were rejected by the applicant, 80 were voluntarily withdrawn by the applicant, and the case was closed by other means.

　　2. Administrative litigation

　　The city’s courts have tried 2300 administrative litigation cases related to government information disclosure. Accepted 1370 cases of first instance. Among them, 467 claims were rejected, 61 administrative actions were revoked, 25 administrative organs were judged to perform their statutory duties, 20 cases were judged to be illegal, 524 cases were dismissed, 32 cases were rejected, 131 cases were dismissed, 26 cases were transferred to other courts, and 84 cases were not concluded. 930 cases of second instance were accepted. Among them, 390 judgments were upheld, 3 judgments were revoked, 457 rulings were rejected, 2 rulings were sent back for retrial, 21 rulings were withdrawn, and 57 cases were not concluded.

　　Step 3 report

　　The city’s administrative organs received 535 reports related to the disclosure of government information. The Office of Information and Government Affairs Openness of the Municipal Government received 44 reports related to the disclosure of government information, and suggested that informants report 10 cases to relevant authorities in accordance with relevant procedures, and handled 34 cases (after investigation, 7 cases were true and 27 cases were inaccurate).

　　(5) Institution building and security training.

　　There are 884 specialized agencies for government information disclosure in this city, and 1440 government information disclosure access points have been set up. There are 3,178 staff engaged in government information disclosure, including 543 full-time staff and 2,635 part-time staff. The special fund for government information disclosure is 6,353,100 yuan. In the whole year, the city held 2257 meetings or special conferences on government information disclosure, held 1288 training courses of various types, and received 59557 trainees.

　　Fourth, the existing shortcomings and key work in 2018

　　(A) the existing deficiencies

　　First, the development of government information and government affairs disclosure is uneven, so it is necessary to adapt to the new era and new requirements, achieve a refined, personalized and characteristic publicity effect, and strive to upgrade from "standard specification" to "precise service". Second, the research on the people’s "information demand side" is not deep, the public information is not practical enough, and there is a gap in serving people’s lives and facilitating people’s work. The pertinence, quality and effect of policy interpretation need to be strengthened. Third, there are too many open platforms, which are inconvenient to find and retrieve, insufficient analysis of people’s habits and ways to obtain information, weak pertinence and differentiation of open channels, low arrival rate of new media and poor coverage.

　　(II) Key tasks in 2018

　　First, continue to promote information disclosure in key areas. We will fully implement the "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Openness of Government Affairs" and the relevant requirements of the detailed rules for implementation, conscientiously implement the series of decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the openness of government information in key areas, and continue to do a good job in the information disclosure of financial budgets and final accounts, the allocation of public resources, the approval and implementation of major construction projects, and the construction of social welfare undertakings.

　　The second is to improve the interpretation level of government work. Further innovative interpretation of communication forms, comprehensive use of digital, graphic, animation video and other vivid ways to enhance affinity, guidance, communication and influence.

　　The third is to do a good job in the pilot project of standardization of grassroots government affairs openness in China. We will promote mechanism innovation in decision-making, policy interpretation, public participation, and public release of official documents in the five pilot areas, strengthen the standardization of government affairs openness, and promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and "internet plus government affairs" in coordination, carry out the collection and selection of typical practices of grassroots government affairs openness to serve the masses, and build a demonstration benchmark for grassroots government affairs openness.

　　The fourth is to continue to promote public participation. We will establish a long-term mechanism for the dynamic management of government affairs, benefit the people and facilitate the map, enrich the map content according to the people’s experience and feedback, and build it into an information service platform with high public utilization rate and high satisfaction. Promote the normalization of government affairs open days, expand the scope, frequency and depth, and extend to districts, streets (towns) and communities (villages).

　　The fifth is to promote the intensive innovation and development of government websites. Further standardize the construction and development of the city’s government websites, complete the standardization and integration of the city’s government websites before the end of the year, promote the intensive sharing of government websites, build a unified interactive exchange platform, optimize functions such as online interviews and public opinion collection, and actively explore the use of artificial intelligence technology to help users accurately find and obtain government information and services.