Recently, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau jointly issued the Key Points of Digital Rural Development in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the Key Points). The circular calls for adhering to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implementing the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Central Rural Work Conference, and conscientiously implementing the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2022, the Strategic Outline for the Development of Digital Villages, and the National Informatization Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan. Give full play to the driving and empowering role of informatization in rural revitalization, accelerate the construction of a digital economic system that leads rural industrial revitalization, build a digital governance system that adapts to the development of urban-rural integration, constantly promote new progress in rural revitalization, and push the construction of digital China to a new step.

　　The "Key Points of Work" defines the work goal: by the end of 2022, new and greater progress will be made in the construction of digital villages. Digital technology has strongly supported the foundation of agriculture to be more stable, and the results of poverty alleviation have been further consolidated. The construction of rural digital infrastructure continued to advance, and 5G networks covered key towns and some key administrative villages. The Internet penetration rate in rural areas exceeded 60%. The rural digital economy has accelerated, the level of agricultural production informatization has steadily improved, and the retail sales of agricultural products e-commerce network has exceeded 430 billion yuan. The rural digital governance system has been continuously improved, the information service for the benefit of the people has been continuously deepened, farmers’ digital literacy and skills have been effectively improved, and the pilot construction of digital villages has achieved initial results.

　　The "Work Points" deployed 30 key tasks in 10 aspects. The first is to build a digital barrier to food security, including strengthening the monitoring of information on stable agricultural production and supply, and improving the digital level of farmland construction management. Second, continue to consolidate and improve the effectiveness of network assistance, including strengthening dynamic monitoring and assistance to prevent poverty, and optimizing and improving network assistance measures. The third is to speed up the filling of the shortcomings of digital infrastructure, including continuously promoting the construction of rural network infrastructure and promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of rural infrastructure. Fourth, vigorously promote the construction of smart agriculture, including consolidating the foundation of smart agriculture development, accelerating the digital transformation of agriculture, strengthening the supply of agricultural science and technology innovation, and improving the digital level of agricultural product quality and safety traceability. The fifth is to cultivate new formats of rural digital economy, including deepening the development of agricultural products e-commerce, cultivating and developing new formats of rural areas, strengthening rural digital financial services, and strengthening the information management of rural resource elements. Sixth, the prosperity and development of rural digital culture, including strengthening the construction of rural network culture positions and promoting the digitalization of outstanding rural cultural resources. The seventh is to improve the efficiency of rural digital governance, including promoting the intelligentization of rural party building and village management, improving the digitalization level of rural social governance, promoting the intelligentization of rural emergency management, and using digital technology to help rural epidemic prevention and control. Eighth, expand the digital service space for benefiting the people, including developing "Internet+education", "Internet+medical health", improving social security information services, deepening employment and entrepreneurship information services, and promoting rural consumption upgrading.The ninth is to speed up the construction of smart green villages, including improving the monitoring level of rural natural resources and ecological environment and strengthening the digital governance of rural human settlements. The tenth is to promote the construction of digital villages as a whole, including strengthening overall coordination and pilot construction, strengthening policy guarantee and financial services, and strengthening the construction of digital rural talents.

　　Key points of digital rural development in 2022

　　The year 2022 is a crucial year for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. It is of special significance to stabilize the basic agricultural sector and do a good job in "agriculture, countryside and farmers". The development of digital villages should adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Central Rural Work Conference, and conscientiously implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in 2022, the Strategic Outline of Digital Village Development and the National Informatization Plan of the 14th Five-Year Plan. Give full play to the driving and empowering role of informatization in rural revitalization, accelerate the construction of a digital economic system that leads rural industrial revitalization, build a digital governance system that adapts to the development of urban-rural integration, constantly promote new progress in rural revitalization, and push the construction of digital China to a new step.

　　I. Work objectives

　　By the end of 2022, new and greater progress will be made in the construction of digital villages. Digital technology has strongly supported the foundation of agriculture to be more stable, and the results of poverty alleviation have been further consolidated. The construction of rural digital infrastructure continued to advance, and 5G networks covered key towns and some key administrative villages. The Internet penetration rate in rural areas exceeded 60%. The rural digital economy has accelerated, the level of agricultural production informatization has steadily improved, and the retail sales of agricultural products e-commerce network has exceeded 430 billion yuan. The rural digital governance system has been continuously improved, the information service for the benefit of the people has been continuously deepened, farmers’ digital literacy and skills have been effectively improved, and the pilot construction of digital villages has achieved initial results.

　　Second, the key tasks

　　(A) to build a digital barrier to food security

　　1. Strengthen information monitoring of stable agricultural production and supply. Strengthen digital supervision in the field of grain purchase and sale, and speed up the construction of a digital supervision system with full coverage, whole chain and whole process of central and local governments. Establish and improve the market monitoring and early warning system of important agricultural products, and strengthen regulation and emergency support by classification and variety. Upgrade and improve the integrated platform of national and provincial agrometeorological services, promote the application of meteorological monitoring technologies such as satellite remote sensing and soil moisture data fusion, carry out refined agrometeorological disaster forecasting and early warning, and improve the ability of food safety meteorological services.

　　2. Improve the digital level of farmland construction management. Accelerate the establishment of a national comprehensive monitoring and supervision platform for farmland construction, improve the permanent basic farmland database, and build a "one map" of farmland construction in the country. Comprehensive use of satellite remote sensing and other monitoring technologies to strengthen the whole process monitoring and accurate management of high-standard farmland. We will further promote the national black soil protection project and explore the use of remote sensing monitoring and information management to supervise the quality of black soil cultivated land. Using satellite remote sensing images and information technology, we will strengthen the dynamic monitoring of "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland throughout the country.

　　(2) Continue to consolidate and improve the effectiveness of network assistance.

　　3. Strengthen dynamic monitoring and assistance to prevent poverty. Improve and optimize the monitoring information system to prevent poverty, and include farmers who are at risk of returning to poverty and suddenly have serious difficulties in the monitoring scope. In view of the emerging problems found due to disasters, causes and epidemics, timely implement social assistance, medical security and other assistance measures. Promote the construction of dynamic monitoring information platform for low-income population, and strengthen the active discovery mechanism, dynamic monitoring and hierarchical classification assistance for rural low-income population.

　　4. Optimize and improve the network assistance measures. Increase support for the upgrading and transformation of broadband networks in poverty-stricken areas, especially in key counties for national rural revitalization. Continue to carry out accurate fee reduction for poverty-stricken households. Continue to promote the construction of key radio and television projects that benefit the people. Comprehensively improve the operational service level of agricultural and sideline products online sales platform in poverty-stricken areas and expand the sales scale of agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas. Using the new generation of information technology to consolidate and expand the achievements of ecological poverty alleviation. Encourage central enterprises to actively develop digital rural projects in poverty-stricken areas in combination with fixed-point assistance work, and strengthen infrastructure construction, innovation of operation mode and coverage of interest linkage. Relying on the action of "making every enterprise prosper every village", we will guide private enterprises to support the construction of digital villages in poverty-stricken areas. Give full play to the advantages of online letter enterprises and continue to carry out public welfare projects of digital village cohesion action.

　　(C) to speed up the completion of digital infrastructure shortcomings

　　5. Continue to promote the construction of rural network infrastructure. Continue to deepen the universal service of telecommunications and promote the breadth and depth coverage of rural optical fiber and 4G networks. Facing rural and remote areas with conditions and needs, we will gradually promote the construction of Gigabit optical fiber networks and accelerate the use of low frequencies to carry out rural 5G network coverage. Fill in the shortcomings of communication network facilities in border areas, and comprehensively use satellite communication and other access means to provide users with broadband network access services. Implement smart radio and television rural projects and continue to promote the special action of smart radio and television to serve rural revitalization.

　　6. Promote the digital transformation and upgrading of rural infrastructure. Further improve the digital management mechanism of rural roads and strengthen the construction of basic data statistics, collection and sharing mechanisms. Vigorously promote the construction of smart water conservancy, and continue to carry out digital twin basins and digital twin water conservancy projects. Accelerate the improvement of water conservancy infrastructure system in rural areas and promote the intelligent transformation of water conservancy infrastructure. Continue to implement rural power grid consolidation and upgrading projects to improve rural power supply reliability and power supply support capacity. Support business circulation, postal service and express delivery enterprises to strengthen the infrastructure construction of cold chain logistics in agricultural products producing areas and actively promote the informationization of cold chain logistics.

　　(D) Vigorously promote the construction of smart agriculture

　　7. Consolidate the foundation for the development of smart agriculture. Continue to promote the application of high-scoring satellite data in agricultural remote sensing. Actively promote the coverage of mobile Internet of Things in rural areas and increase the deployment of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in agricultural production scenarios. Accelerate the construction and application of agricultural and rural big data, focus on building a national agricultural and rural big data platform, establish and improve the agricultural and rural data resource system, and build a "one map" of national agricultural and rural big data. Relying on the national seed industry big data platform, the database of agricultural germplasm resources was constructed. Further promote the construction of big data in the whole industry chain of single varieties of important agricultural products.

　　8. Accelerate the digital transformation of agriculture. Vigorously promote the application of digital breeding technology, build a digital breeding service platform, accelerate the transformation from "experience breeding" to "precision breeding", and gradually develop design breeding. Accelerate the application of information technology in agricultural production and operation, and improve the efficiency of agricultural production and operation. Strengthen the digital coordination of the whole grain industry chain, and promote the whole chain of grain production, purchase, storage and marketing. Improve the function of the national grain trading platform and develop mobile transactions. Accelerate the digital transformation of supply and marketing service outlets and build a comprehensive platform for "digital supply and marketing" to serve agriculture. Continue to do a good job in promoting the implementation, supervision and management of digital agriculture and rural projects, and further give play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural and rural informatization demonstration bases.

　　9. Strengthen the supply of agricultural science and technology innovation. Strengthen the R&D and manufacturing of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment, and implement the national key R&D plan "Key technologies and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment in factory farming" and "R&D and integrated application of common key technologies in rural industries". Using special support to adapt to a number of agricultural machinery and equipment such as rice planting machinery in southern hilly areas. Implement the subsidy policy for agricultural machinery purchase and application, and promote the application of Beidou intelligent terminal in agricultural production. Accelerate the preparation of the national agricultural machinery and equipment industry measurement and testing center. Build an information management service system for science and technology commissioners to improve their service efficiency.

　　10 to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products traceability digital level. Improve the national agricultural product quality and safety traceability management information platform. Continuously improve the traceability information system for organic product certification, and further optimize the public inquiry service of the certification information system for food and agricultural products. Guide leading grain processing enterprises and "China Good Grain and Oil" demonstration enterprises to carry out quality traceability. Accelerate the application of traceability platform for agricultural materials quality and safety in China, and build and improve the national cotton industry information platform.

　　(E) Cultivate new formats of rural digital economy

　　11. Deepen the development of agricultural products e-commerce. Further promote the project of "internet plus" agricultural products leaving the village and entering the city. We will continue to deepen the concept of "developing agriculture with a number of merchants", cultivate and promote online brands of agricultural products, carry out certification, funding and promotion of characteristic agricultural products, and promote the development of characteristic industries with branding. We will promote the work of postal express service for agricultural special products from villages to cities, cultivate modern agricultural demonstration projects for express service, build a demonstration zone for the coordinated development of rural e-commerce express delivery, and continue to promote the integrated development of transportation and postal express delivery. In-depth implementation of the youth rural e-commerce cultivation project, the formation of "Qingyun China" live broadcast to help agriculture alliance, and extensive "Qingyun China" live broadcast to help agriculture activities. We will continue to develop "women’s e-commerce" and cultivate industries that support women’s advantages and characteristics.

　　12. Cultivate and develop new rural formats. Strengthen the brand building of key villages and towns in rural tourism, and increase the online promotion of rural tourism brands. Improve the rural tourism monitoring system. Continue to hold the Yangtze River Delta Rural Cultural Travel Maker Conference to promote the effective combination of entrepreneurial innovation and rural revitalization. Promote the development of new Internet-based formats such as leisure agriculture, creative agriculture and adoption agriculture. Relying on China National Geographical Names Information Database, we will deepen the promotion of rural geographical names information service.

　　13. Strengthen rural digital financial services. Continue to promote the development of rural digital inclusive finance, and actively and steadily carry out the construction of inclusive finance Reform Experimental Zone. Increase the application and promotion of financial technology in rural areas, and accelerate the research and development of financial products suitable for the needs of farmers and new agricultural business entities. We will further promote the construction of rural credit system and continuously improve the coverage of credit. We will continue to promote the construction of rural payment service environment, promote online processing channels and fund collection services for central bank account business of rural financial institutions, and promote the sinking of mobile payment convenience services to rural areas in counties.

　　14. Strengthen the information management of rural resource elements. Improve the national, provincial, city, county and other interconnected rural land contract information application platforms, and steadily carry out online signing of rural land contract. Guide all localities to improve the online signing system of rural contracted land management rights transfer contracts, and improve the standardization and information management level of rural contracted land management rights transfer. Encourage all localities to establish a network trading platform for the transfer of rural contracted land management rights, and standardize services such as policy consultation, information release, contract signing, transaction verification, rights evaluation, financing guarantee, and file management. Explore the construction of rural homestead database and management information system.

　　(VI) Prospering and developing rural digital culture.

　　15. Strengthen the construction of rural network culture positions. We will continue to deepen the construction of county-level media integration centers and expand the coverage of public welfare projects for East-West cooperation and exchange in county-level media integration centers. Increase support for online audio-visual programs on the theme of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and enhance the supply of high-quality content resources. Standardize the Internet religious information service, strengthen the supervision and disposal of harmful information on the Internet in rural areas, and vigorously publicize the party’s religious work theory, principles and policies. We will continue to carry out various special actions such as "Clean Net" and "Clear Lang" to create a safe and healthy network environment for children in rural areas.

　　16. Promote the digitalization of outstanding cultural resources in rural areas. We will strengthen the excavation and protection of outstanding traditional cultural resources in rural areas, further promote the key projects of the 14 th Five-Year Plan for the inheritance and development of Chinese outstanding traditional culture, and continue to promote the implementation of the national cultural digitalization strategy. We will continue to improve the construction of digital museums of famous historical and cultural towns and villages and traditional villages in China, and promote the implementation of ethnic village projects in Yunshang. Relying on the rural digital cultural relics resource library and digital exhibition, we will promote the digital permanent preservation and open utilization of rural cultural relics resources.

　　(7) Improve the efficiency of rural digital governance.

　　17. Promote the wisdom of rural party building and village management. Optimize and upgrade the modern distance education system for cadres in party member, and constantly improve the informationization and scientific level of rural grassroots party building work. Accelerate the full coverage of online government services at the provincial, city, county, township (town, street) and village (community) levels, strengthen the construction of city and county government service platforms, and provide accurate and refined government services for rural residents. Implement the village-level comprehensive service upgrading project to improve the informationization and intelligence level of village-level comprehensive services. Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive information management platform for rural housing, and improve the informatization level of rural housing construction management and service.

　　18. Improve the digital level of rural social governance. Explore and promote the new model of digital rural governance and expand the digital application scenarios of rural governance. Carry out standardization construction of grid service management, and deepen the construction of Zhi ‘an community and safe countryside. Continue to strengthen the networking application of video image system construction in rural public areas, and actively promote the in-depth application of video image resources in epidemic prevention and control, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency management and other industries and fields. Continue to carry out the activities of "rural revitalization and rule of law", further promote the construction of public legal service platform, further strengthen the popularization and application of mobile intelligent mediation system, and accelerate the construction of a modern public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, which is convenient, efficient, equal and inclusive.

　　19. Promote the wisdom of rural emergency management. Improve the intelligent digital grid forecasting technology system, promote the accurate early warning signals of heavy rain and sudden strong convection in local areas to townships (towns and streets), and build an extreme weather monitoring and early warning service system. Relying on the integrated monitoring system of air, space and earth, strengthen disaster risk monitoring in rural disaster-prone areas. We will implement projects such as informatization of natural disaster monitoring and early warning, rapid reporting and early warning of national earthquake intensity, and strengthen early warning information services for remote rural areas, pastoral areas and mountainous areas. Continue to carry out publicity and education on disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas.

　　20. Use digital technology to help rural epidemic prevention and control. Strengthen the monitoring of rural epidemic information, upgrade the communication big data platform, support the accurate prevention and control of rural normalized epidemic situation and the emergency response of local epidemic situation, and improve the accuracy and timeliness of regional investigation data. Promote national mutual recognition of health codes and one code communication. Make full use of the Internet, emergency broadcast terminals and other information means to carry out vaccination, epidemic prevention and control and other aspects of policy measures and knowledge popularization and publicity.

　　(8) Expanding the service space of digital benefiting the people.

　　21. Develop "Internet+Education". Accelerate the construction of new educational infrastructure, continuously improve the network construction of rural primary and secondary schools, and improve the network carrying capacity and service quality of primary and secondary schools. Through satellite TV and broadband network, high-quality educational resources are delivered to weak schools and teaching points in rural areas. Constantly improve the national public service system of digital education resources, strengthen the function of the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools, and promote the cooperation between digital resources and the East. Continue to carry out special training and donation activities on educational informatization, and improve the educational informatization literacy of teachers and students in rural areas. We will continue to research and develop digital national common language learning resources, and continue to carry out research and development of national language informatization.

　　22. Develop "Internet+medical health". Build an authoritative, unified and interconnected national health information platform, and promote all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels to be included in the regional national health information platform. Steadily promote the intensive cloud deployment of information systems in medical institutions. Promote the "Internet+Medical Health" and "Five Ones" service actions, continue to strengthen the construction of telemedicine service networks, and promote the sinking of quality medical resources. Guide local governments to explore the construction of grassroots digital health communities. Continue to promote the application service of electronic license and promote the joint office of "one thing is born". We will further promote the service of "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine" and deepen the popularization and application of the health information platform of the Chinese Medicine Museum. Accelerate the application of a unified national medical security information platform, and gradually establish an information sharing mechanism for medical expenses of patients. Before the end of 2022, at least one designated medical institution in each county will realize the direct settlement of medical expenses including outpatient expenses across provinces.

　　23. Improve social security information services. We will continue to improve the construction of a unified national social insurance public service platform, establish a "one-card" service for residents with social security cards as the carrier, further optimize rural grassroots social security services, and continuously expand the scope of services. Accelerate the popularization and application of the national social assistance system and promote the extension of social assistance services to the mobile terminal. We will broaden the service mode of "cross-provincial general office" for two subsidies for the disabled and promote the realization of "full-course network office". Increase the supervision function of the national information system of two subsidies for the disabled, and improve the accuracy of subsidies. Carry out the aging and barrier-free transformation of Internet websites and apps, and formulate the aging and barrier-free transformation plan for localized Internet applications.

　　24. Deepen employment and entrepreneurship information services. We will continue to improve the construction of employment information platform and strengthen the employment monitoring and analysis of poverty-stricken population, migrant workers, rural youth and other groups. Make full use of the internet platform to collect job information, and broaden the channels for farmers to go out for employment and find jobs nearby. Carry out vocational skills training for groups such as rural migrant workers and returning migrant workers, and support and help them find jobs and start businesses. Promote Internet enterprises to carry out Internet-assisted agricultural projects in rural areas, and open up new channels for farmers to increase their income.

　　25. Promote the upgrading of rural consumption. We will continue to implement county-level commercial construction, expand the coverage of rural e-commerce, improve the three-level logistics distribution system in counties and villages, and promote the expansion, upgrading and upgrading of rural consumption. Support large-scale commercial circulation enterprises, e-commerce platforms and other service enterprises to extend to rural areas, and accelerate brand consumption and quality consumption into rural areas. Accelerate the construction of rural delivery logistics system, promote the "express delivery into the village" project by classification, and promote the joint distribution of rural delivery logistics. Promote universal postal coverage in border villages. Guide traditional business circulation and postal enterprises to strengthen data-driven, promote digital product innovation, intelligent operation management and accurate service for agriculture, and support enterprises to accelerate digital and chain transformation and upgrading.

　　(9) Accelerate the construction of smart green villages.

　　26. Improve the monitoring level of rural natural resources and ecological environment. We will continue to organize the investigation and monitoring of natural resources, the construction of real-life three-dimensional China, and expand the construction of three-dimensional "one map" of natural resources, the basic information platform of land and space, and the application system of natural resources supervision and decision-making. Explore and promote the construction of national ecological monitoring, evaluation and early warning system, including rural areas. Accelerate the construction and application of forest and grass ecological network perception system, and promote the "real use and real connection" and "interconnection" of all related business systems of the perception platform. Promote the selection of national forestry and grass information demonstration zones.

　　27. Strengthen the digital governance of rural human settlements. Establish an online acceptance mechanism for rural human settlements, and guide rural residents to participate in the online supervision of human settlements through APP and small programs. Constantly improve the rural environmental monitoring system, and continuously strengthen the monitoring of environmental factors and key regulatory targets. Improve the monitoring capacity of water environment and water ecology in rural areas. Continue to strengthen the information management of rural domestic garbage collection, transportation and disposal, and improve the level of sewage and garbage treatment in villages and towns. Carry out the demonstration work of high-scoring satellite in the monitoring and application of rural human settlements.

　　(ten) to promote the construction of digital villages as a whole.

　　28. Strengthen overall coordination and pilot construction. Guide local governments to establish and improve the overall coordination mechanism for digital rural development, and promote the implementation of the Digital Rural Development Action Plan (2022-2025). Study and formulate the evaluation index system of digital rural development and carry out the evaluation of digital rural development. We will issue guidelines for the implementation of the digital village standard system and strengthen the standardization of digital villages. Continuously improve the guidelines for the construction of digital villages. Complete the summary and evaluation of the first batch of national digital village pilots, and encourage local governments to carry out regional digital village pilots. Make full use of the media, live broadcast platform, network audio-visual programs and other channels to tell the story of rural revitalization, sum up and promote typical experiences, and create a good social atmosphere.

　　29. Strengthen policy guarantee and financial services. Increase financial investment and guidance, make overall use of existing agriculture-related policies and funding channels in accordance with regulations, and support the construction of key digital rural projects. Strengthen financial institutions’ credit and financing support for key digital rural construction projects and high-quality agriculture-related enterprises, new agricultural business entities and rural employment and entrepreneurship groups. We will continue to increase the supply of rural finance and improve the adaptability of county credit funds throughout the country. Create a demonstration zone of financial services for rural revitalization and innovation according to local conditions. Continue to promote the demonstration project of financial technology to empower rural revitalization. Encourage local governments to explore the construction of a digital rural service resource pool and guide social forces to participate in the construction of digital villages in an orderly manner.

　　30. Strengthen the construction of digital rural talent team. Continue to carry out the training of farmers’ mobile phone application skills, organize network security education and training, and enhance the digital literacy and personal information protection awareness of rural population. We will continue to send strong staff to make good use of the first resident secretary and team, and strengthen the education and training on the application of modern information technology to rural party member cadres. Continue to strengthen the construction of new rural development research institutes in colleges and universities, and increase the supply of vocational education in areas where talents are urgently needed, such as agriculture and rural areas. Vigorously carry out information training for rural tourism talents, young talents in agriculture and rural science and technology, and compound talents.

With the popularization of HPV vaccine knowledge, many people want to be vaccinated with HPV vaccine. But how much do you know about HPV vaccine? What is the difference in the applicable population of HPV vaccines with different "prices"? In this regard, Chen Shouzhen, deputy director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, summed up ten common questions and answered them to the majority of netizens.

What is HPV virus?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus, so it is called human papillomavirus because it only infects humans. There are more than 200 subtypes of HPV, which can be divided into high-risk type and low-risk type according to whether they are carcinogenic or not.

Low-risk type usually infects the skin and causes warts, commonly known as boils. Most of them can naturally subside in 3-5 years, and some may need laser, freezing and other methods to remove them.

There are about 15 HPV subtypes (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82) that can cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, so they are called high-risk HPV. Among them, HPV16/18 has the highest risk of cancer. About 70% of cervical cancer in the world is caused by high-risk HPV16 and 18, and 20% is caused by HPV31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. HPV16 types 16 and 18 are also associated with oropharyngeal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer and anal cancer.

Will HPV infection definitely lead to cancer?

Persistent infection of high-risk HPV will lead to cancer. More than 90% of HPV infections usually subside naturally within 2 years. If carcinogenic HPV infection lasts for more than 1 year, the possibility of precancerous or cancerous lesions will increase, but not all persistent infections will progress. Only less than 1% of infections will develop into cancer after 5 to 10 years of precancerous lesions. Therefore, even if there is HPV infection, it will not necessarily become cancer, but we should pay attention to the corresponding screening.

At present, there is no specific drug to treat HPV. Through regular screening, we can observe the situation of HPV infection, so that we can treat it at an appropriate time and reduce the risk of cancer.

Personal life is very healthy, how can you be infected with HPV?

HPV virus spreads in various ways.

It can be widely spread among people through skin contact, and more than 80% of women have been infected with HPV at least once in their lives. Sexual life is the main reason why HPV spreads around the anus and genitals. Sticking to the correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Generally speaking, there are many ways of HPV infection. At present, there is no good way to prevent HPV infection, but healthy living habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, and wiping separately after going to the toilet may reduce the probability of HPV infection. Even if you are infected with HPV, you don’t have to be nervous, because most HPV infections can be monitored regularly after infection, and generally will naturally fade away soon.

How to prevent HPV transmission?

Vaccination with HPV vaccine can safely prevent cancer caused by persistent HPV infection.

Vaccination with tetravalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine can also prevent condyloma acuminatum, which is a benign disease, but the treatment failure rate is relatively high, affecting physical and mental health. Therefore, for the majority of women, it is very necessary to vaccinate HPV vaccine.

How to choose HPV vaccine?

At present, three different vaccines have been developed, which are divided into bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines according to the number of HPV subtypes they target. Simply put, bivalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV types 16 and 18; The tetravalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV6, 11, 16 and 18; The nine-valent HPV vaccine not only targets the same HPV subtype as the four-valent vaccine, but also targets types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. At present, HPV vaccines are all preventive vaccines, aiming at preventing initial HPV infection and subsequent HPV-related diseases.

At present, many hospitals, from community medical service centers to tertiary hospitals, have HPV vaccines, and these HPV vaccines can be safely vaccinated. Because of limited resources, the queue time of nine-valent vaccine will be longer. If resources and funds are not a problem, it is recommended to vaccinate the nine-valent HPV vaccine. If there is no nine-valent HPV vaccine, tetravalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine are also good choices, because both vaccines cover the most dangerous types 16 and 18. Generally speaking, you should try to use the same vaccine preparation to complete vaccination. However, if you don’t know the original HPV vaccine dosage form, you can also use another HPV vaccine preparation to complete the subsequent vaccination.

At what age is it appropriate to get HPV vaccine?

At present, the recommended age of HPV vaccination in China is 9-45 years old. Most countries in the world recommend routine HPV vaccination at the age of 11-12, and some suggest starting from the age of 9. For teenagers and adults aged 13-26, replanting is also recommended if they have not been vaccinated with HPV vaccine or have not completed a series of vaccines.

Why don’t foreign countries recommend routine replanting for adults over 27 years old? This is because with the increase of age, the possibility of infection with subtypes covered by HPV vaccine is gradually increasing. For older people, the benefit and cost performance of HPV vaccination are low. However, research shows that there are two peaks of high-risk infection among women in China: 17-24 years old and 40-44 years old, and single HPV infection is the main infection. Considering the characteristics of female infection and the low coverage rate of cervical cancer screening, experts suggest that women aged 9-26 should be vaccinated with HPV, and women aged 27-45 should be vaccinated when conditions permit. Women over the age of 45 don’t have to worry. At this stage, the HPV vaccine is low in cost performance, and the standardized HPV screening is enough to prevent cancer.

In the recommended age range, the best time for HPV vaccination is before the first sexual intercourse, because HPV vaccine immunization is the most effective for individuals who are not infected with HPV. That is to say, the younger you are when you are vaccinated with HPV, the more the incidence of cervical cancer decreases.

Are there any side effects of vaccination?

Vaccination of HPV vaccine, like other vaccines, may have pain, swelling and erythema at the inoculation site. A few people may have syncope or dizziness, and there are some rare other side effects, which may be related to the adjuvant in the vaccine, so you can rest assured to vaccinate. In addition, HPV vaccine can be safely inoculated in different parts with other vaccines at the same time. At present, there is evidence that inoculation of tetanus, acellular pertussis, diphtheria and inactivated polio vaccine at the same time with HPV vaccine does not damage the immune effect of the body against HPV vaccine or other vaccines at the same time.

Because there is no relevant evidence, it is generally not recommended to vaccinate HPV during pregnancy. However, with the increase of the number of people vaccinated, more and more data about unintentional vaccination after pregnancy show that vaccination during pregnancy has no effect on the safety of mother and child. Nevertheless, the remaining vaccination should be postponed, and it is best for vaccinated women to get pregnant two months after the vaccination is completed. Vaccine does not affect the safety of breastfeeding, but at present, such data are limited, so it is necessary to carefully consider HPV vaccination for lactating women.

I have been infected with HPV before, can I still be vaccinated?

There is no need to evaluate whether you have been infected with HPV before vaccination. A history of abnormal cervical cancer screening, genital warts and HPV infection is not a taboo for HPV immunization. Because these conditions all suggest that HPV was infected in the past, but it is not necessarily HPV subtype infection covered by HPV vaccine. For people who have a history of HPV infection but are still within the recommended age range, vaccination is still recommended because it still has a protective effect on the uninfected vaccine strain HPV virus. However, for people who have been infected with the subtype covered by HPV vaccine, the benefits of immunization are small.

What if we miss the seeds? I have been vaccinated with bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccine before. Do I need to replant with nine-valent HPV vaccine?

Missing seeds means that immunization is not carried out according to the schedule. At present, the evidence shows that no matter how long the series vaccination is interrupted, it can continue to vaccinate without restarting the series vaccination.

Now it is found that HPV vaccine has a long-lasting protective effect against HPV-related diseases, and there is no need for multiple cropping. For women who have already completed bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccination, the benefit of using nine-valent vaccine for multiple inoculation may not be obvious, so it is not recommended.

After vaccination with HPV vaccine, can I avoid regular screening?

At present, HPV vaccine can only prevent infection. After vaccination, existing HPV infection, genital warts or precancerous lesions cannot be eliminated, and the vaccine can only prevent cervical cancer caused by seven subtypes at most. After injection of HPV vaccine, other subtypes of HPV may still be infected, which may lead to cancer. Therefore, cervical cancer screening is still needed after HPV vaccination.

Domestic Suzuki New Alto appeared in Beijing.

　　Recently, when Sohu netizens went to a 4S shop in Changan Suzuki for maintenance, they found a new Alto parked in the corner of the shop, which had been heated by major media. They walked over and observed it carefully, and found that the whole car was fine in workmanship, and the pink metallic paint was very bright. The teardrop-shaped headlights on the front of the car were the highlights of the whole car, which raised a lot of spirits for this car. The large-mouth grille follows the design idea of big brother Audi, but it has a lovely appearance on Alto’s little face. The Suzuki "S" chrome-plated logo on the big mouth is huge and eye-catching, which plays a finishing touch for this cute and playful little face.

Car side modeling dynamic fashion body length 3500mm.

　　The side shape of the car body feels familiar. The relatively long front door and short rear door are typical design ideas of a five-door mini-car. The lower edge of the window that rises all the way extends from the A-pillar to the C-pillar, which is dynamic and fashionable. However, due to the body length of 3500mm and the narrow rear door design, the rear door window has become a triangle-like shape. However, the domestic Alto of Changan Suzuki version is different from the European version. The rear door window does not use a low-cost negative pressure ventilation window, but is replaced by an electric lifting window to cater to the tastes of Chinese people, which greatly improves the convenience of use. The overall shape of the side of the car body is similar to that of Global Hawk Panda and BYD F0 listed earlier, which is fashionable and full of vigor.

　　The domestic new Alto’s wheelbase of 2340mm belongs to the middle and upper class among mini-cars, which is longer than that of Global Hawk Panda and BYD F0, and similar to that of Changan Benben of 2365mm. The body width of 1600mm is slightly narrower than that of competitors, and the height of 1470mm is basically the same as that of Panda and F0, and slightly shorter than that of Changan Benben.

Unique tail shape

The tailgate opening is slightly narrow and the trunk is shallow.

　　The shape of the rear part of the car body is unique, probably because the bumper is lifted to a higher position to protect the shorter car body, and the whole rear wall occupies about 2/5 of the rear of the car, which is very full. However, this design also brings inconvenience, that is, the opening of the tailgate becomes higher, and the fashionable three-dimensional crystal diamond combined taillights occupy a large area, which makes the opening of the tailgate narrow, the depth of the trunk is shallow, and it is difficult to enlarge something. The overall shape of the tail is avant-garde, and the logo of Changan Suzuki shows its domestic identity. The high-position brake lights are dotted on the small tail behind the roof, which not only attaches importance to safety but also does not lose fashion.

Design of front McPherson independent suspension and rear trailing arm independent suspension plus lateral stabilizer bar

　　In the aspect of suspension, the new Alto adopts the typical small car design of front McPherson independent suspension and rear trailing arm independent suspension plus lateral stabilizer bar, which saves cost and chassis space while ensuring certain comfort.

Alto adopts 155/65 R14 Jinhu tire and 8 aluminum alloy wheels

　　In terms of wheels, the new Alto high-profile model uses 14-inch 8 aluminum alloy wheels, which are fashionable in shape. 155/65 R14 Jinhu tire seems to be not very kind, and its main competitors are almost all 165 treads. The narrower tire reduces handling but has an advantage in fuel consumption.

　　Like domestic cars with the same price, New Alto is equipped with front disc and rear drum brakes, which is enough for cars with less than 1 ton.

　　Open the door and get into the car. Like Swift and SX4, the interior of the new Alto focuses on simple and fashionable routes, with the same color scheme as the mainstream sedan. The steering wheel shape makes people see at a glance that this is a Suzuki model, which is exactly the same as SX4 and Swift. It is made of PVC, but it looks very big in the petite cockpit of Alto, and it should be more harmonious if it can be designed with smaller points. The new Alto dashboard has a distinctive shape. The huge speedometer occupies the front of the driver’s line of sight. Under the orange background light, the automatic gear position is displayed, and all kinds of warning lights are arranged around the speedometer. On the LCD panel below, information such as clock, mileage and fuel gauge is integrated. The cancellation of the water thermometer shows Suzuki’s confidence in the product.

　　The highlight is the new Alto’s tachometer. On the dashboard in front of the driver’s line of sight on the left, a tachometer is independently designed, which is similar to BYD F0’s design, except that the new Alto’s instrument uses a red background light with a scarlet letter on a black background, which is very outstanding in modification style and adds features to the overall interior modeling.

　　Looking at the whole interior, the new Alto, as a joint venture model, has no outstanding advantages in terms of materials and equipment quality. Under the cost control, the overall level is close to that of domestic models. In terms of vehicle configuration, this experience is an automatic top-mounted vehicle. The gear shifting mechanism is the same as that of Swift, and the shape of the gear shifting base and handle is basically the same. Double airbags, ABS brakes, manual air conditioners, electric rearview mirrors, four-door electric windows with central door locks and remote control keys have become standard equipment for high-equipped vehicles, while four-speaker single-disc CD audio and AUX interface cater to the tastes of young people. The seat adopts manual 4-way adjustment, and the material is a combination of gray flannel and light leather material. In design, the front seat uses the integrated design of seat headrest and has the logo of ALTO, which makes it more comfortable to sit on, but the wrapping is not strong. The headrest of the rear seat is detachable, but the backrest is straight, so I’m afraid it’s uncomfortable to sit for a long time. The whole interior is mainly practical, and there are many necessary conveniences and equipment, while others can be saved. The interior made of plastic and flannel is basically in line with the market positioning of Alto, a mini car.

　　In terms of space, as long as the height is not higher than 185cm, the head space is still sufficient, while the leg space is slightly cramped. There is no problem in short-distance transportation in the city. If you are too tall for a long distance, you will feel bad.

　　It is understood that this car is a trial version of the model, and it is still quite different from the model listed later in the interior and engine compartment.

　　When the car is on fire when the sales are not available, I feel that the sound of ignition is fragile and light. During idling, the car vibrates very little. You even suspect that it uses a 3-cylinder engine, giving people the feeling of a high-end car. Suzuki K10B is really a good machine. Listen to the idling noise on the door. If the tachometer doesn’t point to 800 revolutions, I even doubt whether the engine is running. I found the secret of silence when I opened the hood. It turns out that the new Alto is there. On the nameplate below the car body, the engine power is written as 48Kw, and the compression ratio is reduced and adjusted compared with the previously publicized machine with 50Kw compression ratio of 11: 1. In order to adapt domestic Alto to the ration of 93rd gasoline, it is worthwhile to sacrifice some power.

Photo of old and new Alto

　　Due to the small space, I didn’t test drive for a short experience, but I was deeply impressed by the new Alto. Typical urban scooter and automatic transmission models are very suitable for shuttle in cities, and the 1.0L engine has obvious advantages in fuel consumption. In terms of energy saving and styling design, it has won the favor of many people. In September, the new Alto will be listed soon. In the highly competitive car market, the role of price guiding sales is very obvious. The new Alto has already occupied the absolute advantage of brand and reputation. So, can this old car sell well? Let’s wait for the price of the new Alto, and please continue to pay attention to Sohu Auto’s follow-up reports on the new Alto.

　　Copyright statement: This article is the exclusive manuscript of Sohu Auto, and the copyright belongs to Sohu Auto. It may not be reproduced without permission, and will be investigated once it is found.

　　

Continue reading »

　◆ 2011 model:229,800 ~ 369,800 yuan

　　At the Guangzhou Auto Show,The 2011 Subaru Forester was officially launched. The new cars listed this time involve 11 models with 2.0-liter naturally aspirated and 2.5-liter powertrain, and the price range is22.98-36.98 million yuan.The engine of the 2011 Forester has been slightly modified, and the fuel economy has been improved.

　　In terms of power, the 2011 Subaru Forester 2.5T model,It is equipped with Subaru’s brand-new turbocharged 2.5-liter DOHC horizontally opposed four-cylinder engine, with a maximum power of 230 HP and a maximum torque of 330 N m. Although there is not much improvement in power, the fuel economy of the new engine has been improved by 10%, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers in official cities/high-speed conditions has reached 11.2/8.7 liters respectively.

　　Listing articles:

　　229,800 yuan has been listed at the 2011 Forester Guangzhou Auto Show.
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201012/161287.html

◆ New/Great Scenery:21.28 ~ 238,800 yuan

　　Renault’s third-generation scenery and grand scenery have been officially listed at the Guangzhou Auto Show. The listing involves a total of three models, and the price range is21.28-23.88 millionYuan. The new landscape series mainly focuses on improving the functionality of the car, while the appearance continues to adhere to the design style of the series.

　　In terms of power, Renault New Scenery/Grand Scenery is equipped with the old 2.0L inline four-cylinder engine, but it has been adjusted, with an increase of 4 horsepower, reaching 140 horsepower, and the transmission has also been upgraded from the original 4-speed automatic manual transmission to the transmission. Like the old models, the new scenery has a lot of storage space. In addition to the storage compartments everywhere in the cabin, the foldable seats also provide a larger place for storing more items.

　　Listing articles:

　　Sell 212,800-238,800 yuan for new scenery/big scenery listing.
　　http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/101220/161662.html

The Beijing News Shell Financial News (Reporter Lin Zi) On April 15th, the Star Era Night and Star Era ET Pre-sale Conference was held. There are two kinds of pure electric versions and extended range versions of ET in this Star Age, namely REEV series: 199,000 yuan for Plus, 219,000 yuan for Pro and 239,000 yuan for Pro, and BEV series: 239,000 yuan for Pro, 249,000 yuan for Pro Four-wheel Drive, 259,000 yuan for Pro City Smart Drive, 289,000 yuan for Max and 329,000 yuan for Ultra32.9

The longest cruising range of Xingjiyuan ET pure electric version is 760km, and the comprehensive cruising range of extended range version is over 1500km.

The extended-range version adopts a special engine with the highest thermal efficiency of 44.5% in industrial mass production developed by Chery, with a rated power of 115kW, achieving 1L oil power generation of 3.65kWh and WLTC feed fuel consumption of 5.2L/100km.

The pure electric version is equipped with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Shenxing rechargeable battery, with a peak charging power of 420kW, which can achieve a battery life of 475km for 11.5 minutes. Even in the low temperature environment of-20℃, it only takes 24 minutes for the SOC to change from 20% to 80%. When the SOC is only 20%, the peak output power still reaches 280kW.

Editor Jiang Fan

Proofread Jia Ning

　　Rene Liu, a famous singer, posted a video on the social platform with an essay:

　　"I have seen a passage that I have realized.

　　In the present, after, give it to me, you and us.

　　We can’t have everything.

　　It is impossible to have nothing.

　　We should be happy and cherish the present. "

　　I know, you often feel tired.

　　It’s the kind of mental fatigue that you can’t see

　　Have a sense of powerlessness about the future

　　Please stick to it.

　　In the course of life, we will always

　　It’s all right if nobody asks.

　　Ability is not as good as people.

　　Be misunderstood or misunderstood.

　　I hope.

　　Let’s not ruin our little enthusiasm and determination.

　　Hearts can be broken.

　　But the days go on.

　　Sometimes, it’s not just for yourself

　　Also for parents, for those who love us.

　　You must believe that there are many people around you who cherish you very much.

　　You need to cheer up

　　This is the accomplishment of an adult.

　　I really think.

　　We often complain that we have nothing.

　　But we have to believe

　　We won’t be nothing forever.

　　Because we can’t have everything forever.

　　So cherish what we already have

　　This is Rene Liu.

　　A letter read at his concert.

　　She said:

　　I want to dedicate this letter to a friend.

　　At the end of the video, Rene Liu said:

　　"I have a very important friend tonight.

　　Happy birthday to Wen Yuzhe. "

　　And together with the fans at the scene

　　Sing a birthday song for him.

　　In this regard, netizens have said that

　　"Love beans that are always so cured are just right to comfort."

　　"It’s very kind of you to see me in tears."

　　"Cherish the happiness in front of you"

　　According to public information, Rene Liu was born on June 1st, 1969 in Taipei, Taiwan Province Province, China. Her ancestral home is Liling, Hunan, and she is a pop singer, film actress, director and songwriter in Taiwan Province, China.

　　In 1994, Rene Liu made her debut with the drama My Beauty and Sorrow. In 1995, she won the Best Actress in the 40th Asia-Pacific Film Festival with the romantic film Little Girl Fishing. The song "Later" is one of her representative works, and she won the Golden Bell Award for Best Actress for her film "Mother Living in the Cross". In 2003, she starred in the TV series "Pink Girl", and after its launch, she repeatedly created the first rating. In 2005, she won the Best Actress in the 10th Hong Kong Film Golden Bauhinia Award and the Best Actress in the 28th Popular Film Hundred Flowers Award for her drama world without thieves. In 2007, she was nominated for Best Actress in the 27th Hong Kong Film Awards for her action suspense film Serial Bureau. In 2017, he directed the film "Later Us", which made a total box office success of RMB 1.36 billion, and was shortlisted for the Golden Horse Award for Best New Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. In 2023, the "Flying Day" concert tour was held.

　　In March 2017, the National Office of "Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications" and Tencent held the activity of "Children’s Cyber Security Course Entering the Campus" at Xiaobei Road Primary School in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, which was welcomed by teachers and students.

　　People’s vision

　　With the rapid development and comprehensive popularization of mobile Internet and smart devices, it is more convenient for teenagers to contact the Internet, and the age of contact with the Internet is showing a trend of younger age. Moderate use of the Internet can enrich life and relieve stress, but the social experience of teenagers is insufficient, and their network literacy and online habits are in the forming stage. How to help teenagers use the Internet healthily and effectively and guide them to actively adapt to the Internet age is an important and urgent topic.

　　The generation of teenagers after the Millennium are truly "Internet aborigines", and they have a natural and inseparable connection with the Internet. Internet has become the most important space for entertainment, education, self-expression and communication and interaction of this generation. At the same time, however, the rapidly developing and mixed cyberspace makes this generation of teenagers more vulnerable to physical and mental shocks and even injuries. The protection of teenagers online has become the most concerned social issue for governments, international organizations and every family.

　　At present, one third of the global Internet users are minors. In Britain, Canada, Czech Republic and Israel, 12-mdash; The proportion of 14-year-old children using the Internet exceeds 95%, and the proportion of children using the Internet in EU countries is mostly higher than 65%. In China, the number of netizens under the age of 19 reached 171 million, and the Internet penetration rate of minors remained above 90%. At the same time, the young age trend of minors’ first "touching the net" is obvious. Relevant statistics show that Britain has 5-mdash; More than half of the 6-year-old children have access to the Internet. The average age for Korean children to get their first smart phone is 8 years old. There are about 23 million netizens under the age of 10 in China, and more than 56% of them have been exposed to the Internet before the age of 5. These "Internet aborigines" born after the Millennium almost "surf the Internet as soon as they are literate", and the Internet has profoundly influenced the way they interact with the world.

　　More and more "millennials" have become "low-headed families"

　　With the high popularity of home broadband and hardware equipment, minors generally choose to surf the Internet at home. According to UNICEF data, in Argentina, Serbia and South Africa, more than 90% of minors surf the Internet at home; The survey of children’s online use in Britain also found that 75% of them are 9-mdash; 19-year-olds use the Internet at home; America 2— Of the 17-year-old population, 78% can surf the Internet at home, and 13% of them surf the Internet in their own rooms. According to the annual survey data of China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) since 2007, the proportion of minors using computers to surf the Internet in Internet cafes, schools and public places has generally decreased year by year.

　　The report "Investigation on Internet Use and Protection of Young Netizens in China" shows that 74.6% of young netizens in China use smart phones to surf the Internet, and 60.4% of young netizens have their own smart phones. Desktop computers rank second, and their adoption rate is about 10 percentage points lower than that of smart phones. Smart TV has become one of the main channels for teenagers to surf the Internet. Many parents also choose smart TV to accompany preschool children, but the digital gap between different regions is more obvious.

　　Information and communication technology has changed the way minors contact with the world, and cyberspace has attracted them greatly, so the online time has been prolonged. A study in Denmark found that as children grow up, their use of the Internet is increasing, and similar trends have appeared in other countries. In China, in recent years, the online time of minors has generally increased. The online time of primary school students is 14.9 hours per week, and that of middle school students is 22 hours per week. The online time is also increasing with age.

　　According to the report of the International Telecommunication Union, the main reasons for teenagers to surf the Internet include: making friends in the new environment, communicating in real time on common interests, creating and sharing original personal content, sharing music, playing games, establishing their own space, or trying new identities. Therefore, the Internet is always with them — — In their pockets or ears, or tightly held in their hands, embedded in their study and living space.

　　A survey of five Nordic countries shows that 9-mdash; Among 16-year-old boys, 69% use the Internet to play games, 49% download music, while girls use it to send emails (58%) and do their homework online (43%). According to the latest data of CNNIC, the Internet applications with the highest penetration rate of underage netizens in China are: instant messaging tools, search engines, online music, online videos and online games. Among them, the popularity of search engines, online music and online games among minors exceeds that of netizens as a whole, and the utilization rate of online games among middle school students is even as high as 70%.

　　The phenomenon of minors’ internet addiction is becoming increasingly serious.

　　Compared with the rapid development of cyberspace, the education and protection system for teenagers to use the internet has shown its lag and imperfection. At present, young netizens all over the world are facing the risks of contact with bad information, bad social interaction, property loss, illegal crime, internet addiction and lack of cognition.

　　According to statistics, 46% of young netizens in China will come into contact with bad information on the Internet almost every time or often, among which pornographic information is the most frequent type, followed by online fraud, online gambling, online abuse and intimidation. It is worth noting that teenagers often come into contact with bad information in a passive way, for example, when clicking on a web page, pictures and videos containing pornographic and violent information pop up, and when browsing information, they see indecent pictures inserted in them. There are not only illegal websites among the websites that spread bad information, but also many regular legal websites often attract attention with bad information in the form of "scratching the ball". At the same time, the uploaders, websites or their host service providers of such content are often not in their own countries, which further increases the difficulty of governance in various countries and regions. On the other hand, the bad information on the internet has a serious negative impact on the concept and psychology of minors, and even leads to crime.

　　According to internet society of china’s Investigation Report on the Protection of Internet Users’ Rights and Interests in China, Internet users suffered economic losses of 133 yuan per capita due to spam, fraudulent information and personal information disclosure, with a total loss of about 91.5 billion yuan. In addition, teenagers are increasingly dependent on the Internet.

　　In addition, the phenomenon of internet addiction is also on the rise around the world. Many studies have shown that there is a high correlation between interactive internet use behavior and internet addiction, such as chatting through instant messaging tools or playing online games, which makes users more addicted to it. Therefore, in the era of mobile internet characterized by interaction and participation, with the rapid penetration of the network into younger groups, the problem of internet addiction among minors is becoming increasingly serious.

　　The academic circles believe that teenagers should spend no more than 1.5 hours a day and no more than 10 hours a week on the Internet, while teenagers generally spend too much time online: 30% of minors in South Korea spend more than 2 hours a day on the Internet, while primary school students in China spend 1.5 times as much time online as this standard, and middle school students even spend twice as much time online. The data also shows that China’s 6-mdash; 47.9% of 11-year-old young netizens usually spend more time online than expected, 12-mdash; Among the 18-year-old young netizens, 60.8% want to surf the Internet when they have free time, which generally shows strong network dependence. Immersion in the online world often brings instant pleasure experience to minors, but their anxiety and fear also increase with the increase of online time, so they are often in a state of frustration and impatience. At the same time, excessive internet access may also strengthen personal loneliness and cause social retreat.

　　Family factors are the key factors that affect minors’ internet addiction. However, many parents and guardians regard mobile phones and computers as "electronic nannies" and neglect the care and education of their children. Teenagers who don’t feel the warmth of their families are more likely to seek spiritual sustenance in the online world, further causing a vicious circle.

　　Strengthen the cultivation of skills and literacy in using digital tools.

　　How to protect minors’ online safety? At present, there is no quick answer, which requires all sectors of society to take countermeasures and persevere.

　　First of all, governments should promote the construction and improvement of relevant legal systems in terms of content, channels, platforms and operations as soon as possible according to the characteristics and development laws of information and communication technologies. Relevant laws and regulations should clearly define the responsible subject for protecting minors’ online safety, clearly define the scope of application and punishment measures, and provide reliable protection for minors’ online activities.

　　Among them, the Internet regulatory authorities should constantly upgrade and update technical supervision means, and guide relevant websites to be equipped with age verification systems or identity verification mechanisms, and at the same time establish a rapid reporting and handling mechanism to promptly punish illegal and illegal behaviors that endanger minors’ online safety. Internet companies and related industries should conduct self-examination and self-examination, eliminate pornography, violence, vulgarity, gambling, fraud and other bad information content, and purify the Internet environment; All kinds of websites should set a higher default privacy level for the collection, processing and storage of minors’ personal data to protect minors’ information from illegal collection and use.

　　Enterprises can adopt appropriate technical measures to encrypt specific information content according to age, or add access age authentication mechanism according to relevant laws and regulations; At the same time, provide concise reporting tools, delete bad information in time, and transfer information suspected of online fraud, abduction and sexual crimes to public security and relevant law enforcement departments. Enterprises should also support the research and development of parental monitoring tools to help parents intervene in their children’s online time, or limit the consumption of certain content and services by minors, or control the objects they talk to online.

　　In the new scientific and technological environment, mastering the skills of using digital tools and having information and media literacy will become the basic survival skills of citizens. Therefore, teaching students how to use the Internet reasonably, legally and moderately is a task that the education sector must shoulder at present. Teachers should update their knowledge system as soon as possible, teach basic knowledge of network security and self-protection in relevant classes, and encourage students to actively seek help from teachers and schools when encountering difficulties, so as to become a trusted social support force for minors. Teachers should also regularly carry out psychological counseling against cyber bullying to prevent students from participating in cyber bullying or becoming targets of bullying; Once the cyberbullying incident is discovered, the school should intervene and stop it in time, and communicate with parents. For serious cyberbullying incidents, it should report to the police in time. Primary and secondary schools should gradually offer network security courses and media literacy courses suitable for students of different ages, systematically teach the knowledge and skills of receiving, analyzing, evaluating and creating information, and gradually improve the media security literacy, media interaction literacy, media learning literacy and media cultural literacy of minors.

　　Faced with the new thing of the Internet, parents can no longer rely on their own experience to guide their children as in traditional families. Instead, they should first take the initiative to learn relevant network security knowledge, be strict with themselves, reasonably arrange online time, and set an example by not browsing or spreading bad information.

　　Parents should also actively guide and educate their children to surf the Internet from several aspects: in terms of time, strictly control the total length of time for children to surf the Internet, and set the account password of internet equipment or install software to limit the time for surfing the Internet; In terms of content, help children find healthy and suitable websites, such as regularly checking the websites that children usually browse, evaluating the contents of websites, or installing parental monitoring tools on the basis of full communication with children; In the aspect of social networking, children are encouraged to explore the new world by using the Internet, but they are firmly opposed to meeting netizens offline, and are informed of the serious danger of this behavior, so as to grasp the real situation of their friends in social accounts at present, and often communicate their online experience with children.

　　(The authors are the Institute of Journalism and the Internet Research Center of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)

　　Cartography: Shen Yiling

　　Cctv newsAccording to "Gong Xin Wei Bao" WeChat WeChat official account news, in order to implement the "Network Security Law" and other relevant laws and regulations, solidly promote the real-name registration management and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens in cyberspace, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently issued the "Notice on Strengthening the real-name registration management of car networking cards" to start the real-name registration of car networking cards.

　　The "Notice" mainly puts forward 12 work measures from the aspects of consolidating management responsibilities, strengthening real-name registration, strengthening personal information protection, organizing supervision and inspection, and further standardizing and refining the requirements for real-name registration of car networking cards.

　　First, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology guides the provincial communications administration and the competent department of industry and information technology to organize telecommunications enterprises and road motor vehicle manufacturers to promote the real-name registration of car networking cards according to different stages of vehicle sales before, during and after sales;

　　Second, when road motor vehicle manufacturers sell vehicles loaded with networking cards to users, they should carefully verify and register the real identity information of vehicle owners, and complete the real-name registration of existing networking cards before the end of September 2022;

　　Third, road motor vehicle manufacturers and telecom enterprises should take effective management and technical measures to strengthen the protection of users’ personal information and prevent information from being leaked, damaged, lost and used illegally.

　　In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will coordinate development and safety, actively guide and urge road motor vehicle manufacturers and telecommunications enterprises to implement the main responsibility of safety, improve the real-name registration management system of car networking cards, improve the technical means of safety management, strengthen the implementation of work, and promote the safe and orderly development of car networking business.

Rene Liu once played Zhang Ailing in She Comes from the Sea.

▲ Zhang Ailing

　　Following the great success of dramas such as Half Life and Madame Bovary in entering the mainland drama market, Lin Yihua, a famous Hong Kong director, revealed that Zhang Ailing’s little reunion would be put on the stage next. It is said that Lin Yihua is a fan of Zhang, and he adapted the Guan Jinpeng version of the film Red Rose and White Rose in 1994, and won the Golden Horse Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

　　Hong Kong director Lin Yihua recently arrived in Shanghai with actors David Wang and Yinxuan Xie to perform the drama "Life and Survival of Gorgeous Office Workers". Lin Yihua, a prolific producer, told reporters that besides inviting Zhan Ruiwen and Rene Liu to create a play for the Shanghai World Expo, a stage version of little reunion is also being planned and is expected to be released in November.

　　The actor of "Jiu Li" is undecided.

　　Little reunion, Zhang Ailing’s posthumous work, was published this year, and Lin Yihua vacillated between A Dream of Red Mansions and little reunion when planning her performance plan for the second half of the year, so she sent emails to ask her friends for advice. According to the reply, he finally decided to choose "little reunion". "In my opinion, without all the topics shrouded in this novel, Zhang Ailing’s life actually seems to be floating in this world. The novel played a symphony of life, and finally it was the sad music like the Hu Qin, which was disturbing. This gave me a starting point for music. If I did, I might divide the whole play into several movements, such as sacrifice, dedication and return … "

　　When asked if Rene Liu, who once played Zhang Ailing in the TV series "She Comes from the Sea", would be invited to play the heroine, Lin Yihua thought for a moment and said with a smile, "I have invited her to do another play with me, as well as Zhan Ruiwen in the Hong Kong drama circle. We plan to bring this play to the Shanghai World Expo. As for the content of the title of the play, it is still confidential. Let’s call it’ Mystery Lady’ for the time being. " At present, Lin Yihua is discussing copyright issues with copyright owners, and the actors will still be his regular cast, such as "David" David Wang and "Sophie" Yinxuan Xie in "Gorgeous Office Workers", which are scheduled to premiere in Hong Kong and Taiwan in November, but when they will come to the mainland has not been determined.

　　It won’t be a "happy reunion"

　　Someone next to me said that many people think little reunion is not easy to read. Lin Yihua nodded and said, "It is a bit, but I read it for a third and found the password." Lin Yihua, who never follows the rules in filming, said that the play will definitely not follow the narrative order of the novel, but it will definitely extract the most important characters and story clues. "The most important thing is that Zhang Ailing and our present era can overlap."

　　According to Lin Yihua’s current conception, the stage version of little reunion will not be completely arranged according to the plot of the novel, nor will it rely on the direction of Zhang Ailing’s autobiography. "What matters is not to make little reunion a’ happy reunion’. Characters will jump in and out, for example, in some scenes, several different actors will play the role of Zhang Ailing’s father, even without excluding actresses. I hope that after the stage play is staged, the audience who have never read the novel will want to read the book, and the audience who have read the book will want to read it again. " (He Bian)

Editor: Li Xiuwei

　　　　Core tip: "I really don’t know that climbing over the guardrail is the tiger garden." Yesterday afternoon, Xiao Xu recalled the scene when the three brothers crossed the fence and mistakenly broke into the tiger garden, shaking their heads again and again. On the afternoon of the day before yesterday, the three men went to visit the Badaling Great Wall. When they went down the mountain, they took a shortcut and strayed into the Northeast Tiger Park in Badaling Wildlife World. Xiao Xu’s 18-year-old cousin Guo was killed by a Northeast Tiger.

　　　　Three youths from Hebei cut into Badaling Tiger Park by mistake, one died and two were rescued.

　　　　Yesterday afternoon, the Northeast Tiger Area of Badaling Wildlife Park was closed to the outside world and was guarded by work vehicles. Our reporter Wang Jianing photo

　　　　(Reporter Gan Hao) "I really don’t know that climbing over the guardrail is a tiger garden." Yesterday afternoon, Xiao Xu recalled the scene when the three brothers crossed the fence and mistakenly broke into the tiger garden, shaking their heads again and again. On the afternoon of the day before yesterday, the three men went to visit the Badaling Great Wall. When they went down the mountain, they took a shortcut and strayed into the Northeast Tiger Park in Badaling Wildlife World. Xiao Xu’s 18-year-old cousin Guo was killed by a Northeast Tiger. Yesterday afternoon, the Northeast Tiger Park in Badaling Wildlife World was temporarily closed.

　　　　Unfortunately, the young man is under 18 years old.

　　　　Xiao Xu introduced that all three of them are from Xingtai, Hebei Province, and the other two are his brothers and cousins. They came to work in Beijing more than half a month ago, and their cousin Guo is not yet 18 years old. At noon the day before yesterday, the three of them went to visit the Badaling Great Wall.

　　　　At about four o’clock in the afternoon, the three men arrived at the highest crib of the Great Wall and prepared to go down the mountain. "After going back for more than three hours, I want to take a shortcut down the mountain." Xiao Xu said that it was getting late. At this moment, the three people just saw a short cut down the hill and buses passing by, so they decided to take this short cut.

　　　　"When I approached, I found that I was stopped by the iron net." Xiao Xu said that after crossing the three iron nets, "we wanted to go out along the path ahead, but we didn’t expect to see a big tiger when we walked 100 meters." Xiao Xu said that the tiger came out of the roadside Woods and kept staring at them, less than 10 meters away.

　　　　The young man was not breathing when he was rescued.

　　　　"I am completely embarrassed." Xiao Xu said that they immediately turned and fled, and the cousin fell at the end. He was thrown to the ground by the tiger without running a few steps. Xiao Xu and his brother ran a hundred meters away and turned over an iron gate more than three meters high. They couldn’t see their cousin because of the trees. A few minutes later, the staff drove a jeep to save the two.

　　　　Liu Yisen, deputy general manager of Wildlife World, said that when the incident occurred, the inspectors were driving by. "Seeing that the tiger is biting a man’s throat, the man has no response." Liu Yisen said that the staff immediately drove up to the biting tiger, forcing the tiger to let go and run away. Subsequently, the staff drove the tiger back to the pool and got off the bus and found that the bitten man had no breathing. After arriving at 120, the man was confirmed dead.

　　　　Yesterday afternoon, the Northeast Tiger Park in Badaling Wildlife World was temporarily closed. Other tiger parks such as Bengal tiger and animal parks such as bears and lions are open normally.

　　　　■ follow-up visit

　　　　Biting Siberian tigers are locked up.

　　　　Yesterday afternoon, the Northeast Tiger Park in Badaling Wildlife Park was temporarily closed, and neither tour buses nor self-driving cars were allowed to enter. "The biting tiger has been kept in solitary confinement." Liu Yisen, deputy general manager of Wildlife World, said that this is an adult Siberian tiger with a strong physique.

　　　　Another person in charge said that after the zoo is closed, all wild animals such as bears, tigers and lions will be driven back to the house due to feeding and safety problems. Considering saving resources, the inner power grid will be cut off and powered on the next day before the beast is released. The person in charge also said that the wild animals in the park are stocked, and in order to make the living conditions of the wild animals close to nature, live food feeding is carried out at intervals.

　　　　■ doubt

　　　　Three lines of defense failed to stop the intruder.

　　　　According to Liu Yisen, the Northeast Tiger Park is located on the west side of the entire wildlife park, and there is a section of the Badaling Great Wall winding northward nearby. There are Woods between the Great Wall and the zoo, and the staff call it a "no man’s land".

　　　　Liu Yisen said that in order to prevent animals from escaping and outsiders from entering, there are three fences in Badaling Wildlife World, and there are obvious warning signs hanging outside the guardrail: "Do not approach if there are wild animals inside". The outermost layer is a 2-meter-high steel guardrail, and the middle layer is a 3.6-meter-high wire fence, both of which are uncharged. The innermost layer is a 1-meter-high power grid, close to the protective net in the middle, and its instantaneous voltage can reach more than 7000 volts, mainly to prevent animals from leaving the park. At the beginning of March, the garden also inspected warning signs and protective nets, and found no problems.

　　　　Xiao Xu said that the three men only saw a wooden sign with a white background and a rusty iron sign on the outermost steel guardrail, which was not marked. At that time, they thought these three iron nets were to protect the Great Wall, so they crossed it. When they reached the third protective net, they found that the net was charged and went through one of the gaps.

　　　　Liu Yisen said that when the staff asked the two survivors that day, they said that they saw the warning signs, but they did not believe that there were really wild animals in the park. In the meantime, the staff also smelled alcohol on the two. In this regard, two survivors said that they had never drunk.

　　　　Our reporter Gan Hao

　　　　■ aftermath

　　　　Family members entered the scene and did not see the wounded tiger.

　　　　The person in charge of the park said that there were three guardrails in the animal park and obvious warning signs were hung, which was very unexpected.

　　　　After the incident the day before yesterday, Xiao Xu and his brother were temporarily placed in a hotel in Yanqing by the zoo. At 5 o’clock in the morning yesterday, the families of the deceased also rushed to Yanqing.

　　　　Yesterday morning, Xiao Xu and his uncle and other family members came to Badaling Wildlife Park and asked to go to the scene of the incident for identification. Under the arrangement of the garden, family members and others entered the Northeast Tiger Park, but no tigers were seen.

　　　　Yesterday, the two sides made a preliminary contact on compensation. At present, the two sides have not reached an agreement on the issue of liability. Because no agreement was reached on the determination of liability, the two sides failed to continue negotiations on the amount of compensation. The person in charge of the garden said that Xu ignored the warning and crossed the guardrail into the garden. "I should bear the corresponding responsibility."

Editor: Li Xiuwei