Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is the fundamental guarantee for completing the historical mission.

　　Feng Jun, Deputy Director of the Central Party History Research Office

　　Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times, and it is also the historical mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we have never been closer to the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In his important speech on "July 26th", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that if the Party wants to unite and lead the people in a great struggle, advance a great cause and realize a great dream, it must unswervingly uphold and improve the Party’s leadership, unswervingly push forward the new great project of Party building, and make the Party stronger and stronger.

　　Strengthen political construction, comprehensively strengthen the party’s leadership and enhance the party’s cohesion, combat effectiveness, leadership and appeal. Party, government, military and civilian studies, east, west, north and south, the party is the leader of everything. Party member cadres should strictly abide by political discipline and rules, safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee, safeguard the unity and centralized leadership of the Party, firmly establish political awareness, overall situation awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, and always maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in ideological and political actions.

　　Strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs and stick to the spiritual home of communist party people. The lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics are the spiritual pillar and political soul of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. The majority of party member cadres must unswervingly adhere to the guiding position of Marxism, earnestly study the theoretical systems of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics, conscientiously study the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country and making up the "calcium" of the spirit.

　　Adhere to the close combination of ideological party building and institutional party management, and put institutional construction throughout all aspects and the whole process of party building. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has formulated and revised a number of inner-party laws and regulations, which has tightened the cage of the system. The promulgation and implementation of the inner-party laws and regulations, such as the Regulations on Patrol Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Regulations on Accountability in the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Code of Integrity and Self-discipline in the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC), have enabled the party to be strictly governed in an all-round way. In particular, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted "Several Guidelines on Inner-Party Political Life under the New Situation" and "Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC)", which provided an important system for strengthening and standardizing inner-party political life and strengthening inner-party supervision under the new situation.

　　Adhere to strict management of officials and do a good job of leading cadres, the "key minority." Adhering to the correct orientation of selecting and appointing people, selecting and appointing cadres must adhere to the principle of having both ability and political integrity, putting morality first, adhering to all corners of the country, appointing people on their merits, and adhering to the standards of good cadres with firm beliefs, serving the people, being diligent and pragmatic, daring to take responsibility, and being honest and clean. Leading cadres should be strictly self-disciplined, cautious and cautious, start from themselves and manage from people around them.

　　Maintain the overwhelming trend of the anti-corruption struggle. Shortly after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China closed, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee formulated and promulgated eight regulations, which sent a strong signal that discipline should be maintained and the Party should be strictly governed. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the determination of a strong man to break his wrist, curbs the bones and cures the poison and cures the furuncle with fierce drugs, and insists that corruption must be countered and greed must be eliminated, thus effectively curbing the spread of corruption. To adhere to the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, we must maintain the overwhelming trend of the anti-corruption struggle and constantly win the hearts and minds of the party.

　

　　Stressing politics is a prominent feature and advantage of our party.

　　Tang Zhouyan, Party Secretary of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that our party, as a Marxist political party, stresses politics as a prominent feature and advantage. Deeply understanding and grasping the spiritual essence of this important thesis is of great significance for promoting the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, advancing the new great project of Party building and winning new victories in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Taking a clear-cut stand and talking about politics is an important magic weapon for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to defeat the enemy. As a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has never denied his political attributes, and has always taken a clear-cut stand on politics. This is our party’s outstanding characteristics and advantages, and it is also an important magic weapon for our party to grow stronger and defeat the enemy. As early as the Gutian Conference, Comrade Mao Zedong clearly proposed to "improve the political level within the Party" and "make party member’s thoughts and life within the Party politicized and scientific". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has unswervingly promoted the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party and repeatedly stressed that leading cadres should take a clear-cut stand and stress politics. Throughout the course of our party’s struggle, when the whole party stresses politics and the political life within the party is normal and healthy, the party’s cause will flourish; On the contrary, it may be full of ills and cause serious losses to the party’s cause. Standing at a new historical starting point, if we want to create a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must carry forward this outstanding feature and advantage of our Party and stress politics with a clear-cut stand.

　　Take a clear-cut stand and say that the key to politics is to firmly establish the "four consciousnesses". Strengthening the "four consciousnesses" is the concentrated embodiment and inevitable requirement of taking a clear-cut stand and stressing politics. We should firmly establish political consciousness, adhere to the correct political direction and position, maintain a clear political mind and keen political discernment, always take the party’s banner as the banner, take the party’s direction as the direction, take the party’s will as the will, and maintain a high degree of political consistency with the CPC Central Committee; Firmly establish a sense of the overall situation, establish a correct view of the overall situation, consciously understand, obey and safeguard the overall situation, and effectively unify thoughts and actions with the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee. As long as things that are beneficial to the overall situation are done well, as long as words and deeds that hinder the overall situation are resolutely opposed, the whole party will always be guaranteed to play a game of chess; Firmly establish the core consciousness, resolutely safeguard the core position of the supreme leader’s general secretary, take the maintenance of the core as the first political requirement, and achieve full trust in thought, resolute maintenance in politics, conscious obedience in organization, deep recognition in emotion, and always follow in action; Firmly establish a sense of conformity, take the initiative to align with the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core, take the initiative to align with the party’s theory, line, principles and policies, and take the initiative to align with the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee.

　　To promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party and develop in depth, we must take a clear-cut stand and stress politics. Standing at a new historical starting point, promoting the comprehensive and strict development of the party requires us to speak politics more clearly. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has persisted in focusing on, examining and solving outstanding problems within the Party politically, and has grasped the root of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way. In the process of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, we can’t just solve the problem of corruption and not solve political problems. Political problems of cadres are no less harmful to the party than corruption, and some are even more serious than corruption. At present, the strict administration of the party in an all-round way has entered a new stage, which requires us to speak politics more clearly.

　

　　Firmly establish the "four consciousnesses" and resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee

　　Zhang Lei, deputy editor-in-chief of Economic Daily

　　Firmly establishing the "four consciousnesses" and resolutely safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee are the inevitable requirements for upholding and consolidating the party’s leadership and ensuring the smooth development of the cause of the party and the state. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "A country and a political party have a core of leadership." "Resolutely safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and ensuring that all party orders are prohibited are the future and destiny of the party and the country and the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in the country."

　　From the development history of Marxist political parties, it is a basic principle of Marxist political party construction to safeguard the central authority and the core of leadership. In the practice of leading the communist movement, Marx and Engels always emphasized the importance of authority, which they believed was related to the success or failure of the revolutionary cause. The history of socialist development in the world shows that the proletariat not only needs authority to carry out revolution, but also needs such authority in the process of consolidating political power, construction and reform. The failure of the CPSU also illustrates this truth from the opposite side: once a Marxist political party with a glorious history and once very strong destroys the central authority and abandons the party’s leadership, it will inevitably lead to the tragic situation of the party and the country. This is a lesson of blood, which we must remember deeply.

　　Judging from the development history of our party in 1996, maintaining the central authority and the core of leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the continuous development of the party’s cause and the long-term stability of the country. Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized: "Any leading collective must have a core, and leadership without a core is unreliable.". He also pointed out that in history, the main reason for the frustration and failure of our party before Zunyi Conference was that it did not form a mature CPC Central Committee and a core of leadership that was widely expected. It was not until the central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core was formed that the China Revolution embarked on the smooth development. Similarly, in the historical process of promoting reform and opening up, the mature core of leadership also plays an irreplaceable role. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has gone through a glorious course of 96 years and has been in power for 68 years in a row. The reason why he has achieved the historic achievement of standing out from the rest of the world is that he has always emphasized upholding the leadership of the Party and safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee.

　　Judging from the conditions of the times faced by our party, maintaining the central authority and the core of leadership is the need to shoulder the historical responsibility of the party and complete the historical task of the party. Great and profound changes are taking place in the world today. China is in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Party is faced with the historical task of carrying out great struggles, building great projects, advancing great undertakings and realizing great dreams. Our party has made great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention and accumulated extremely rich ruling experience, but the "four tests" and "four dangers" are still grim, and the "rushing for the exam" is far from over. Today, Socialism with Chinese characteristics is like a big ship sailing through the waves in the sea of Wang Yang. More than ever, it needs a capable, experienced and authoritative helmsman to guide it. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has led the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China to create a brand-new situation in the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause, and has made a series of great achievements with great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance in reform, development and stability, internal affairs, foreign affairs and national defense, and in managing the party, country and army, and won the heartfelt love and support of the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole Party formed in the practice of the new great struggle. Firmly safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and the core position of the Supreme Leader General Secretary are important guarantees for us to strive for new and greater victories.

　

　　Serious inner-party political life is the basis of strictly administering the party in an all-round way.

　　Ji Zhengju, Deputy Director of the Central Compilation Bureau

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Serious inner-party political life is the fundamental basic work of strictly administering the party in an all-round way and is a major task of the whole party." If the party wants to manage the party, it must manage the political life within the party; To strictly manage the party, we must start from the political life within the party. The "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation" and a series of important expositions by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on comprehensively administering the Party strictly have profoundly expounded the great significance, fundamental principles, basic requirements and scientific path of serious political life within the Party under the new situation, which is a scientific summary and theoretical sublimation of our Party’s experience in managing the Party and providing important compliance and institutional guarantee for comprehensively administering the Party strictly.

　　Serious inner-party political life is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s fine tradition and political advantage. Over the past 96 years, one of the important reasons why our party has been able to maintain its advanced nature and purity forever is to attach importance to the role of inner-party political life in party building and make it a fine tradition and heirloom. As early as 1926, our party began to use the concept of party life in the central document. In the long-term practice, our party has gradually formed the basic norms of inner-party political life with seeking truth from facts, integrating theory with practice, keeping close contact with the masses, criticizing and self-criticizing, democratic centralism and strict party discipline as the main contents, which has provided an important guarantee for the development of the cause of the party and the state.

　　Serious inner-party political life is the golden key to solve the contradictions and problems existing in the party. History has proved that when the political life within the party is serious, the cause of the party and the people will flourish; Whenever the political life within the party is abnormal, the cause of the party and the people will encounter setbacks. One of the most important reasons why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can constantly overcome all kinds of difficulties and dangers and move from victory to victory is that he can overcome all kinds of contradictions and negative factors existing in the party in a timely and effective manner through regular, serious and serious political life within the party, such as dogmatism, empiricism, liberalism, hedonism, bureaucracy and sectarianism. Under the new situation, only by effectively solving the problems existing in the party through the political life within the party can our party maintain its advanced nature and purity in the face of "four major tests" and "four dangers".

　　Serious inner-party political life is a melting pot for party member cadres to exercise their party spirit. Political life within the Party is the main platform for Party organizations to educate and manage party member and exercise party spirit. Party member cadres’ ability and prestige are closely related to whether they have been seriously trained in inner-party political life. Serious inner-party political life is like a melting pot, in which party member cadres consciously accept the baptism of thought and party style and discipline, and constantly temper party spirit, so that they can keep fit and be tempered into steel.

　　Serious inner-party political life is a purifier of pure party style. What kind of inner-party political life there is, there is what kind of cadre style in party member. Political life within the party can not only purify the party style, but also promote the improvement of political style, folk customs and social atmosphere by stirring up turbidity, strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil spirits. It can not only ensure the purity and health of cadres in party member, but also enable the Party organizations to constantly eliminate "dust" and "viruses", realize self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement, and promote the continuous development of the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party.

　

　　Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way inevitably requires strengthening inner-party supervision.

　　Xie Feng, Professor of Party Building Teaching and Research Department of Central Party School

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to strengthening inner-party supervision and has made many important expositions on strengthening inner-party supervision. Both history and reality show that strengthening inner-party supervision is an inevitable requirement of strictly administering the party in an all-round way.

　　Deeply understand the significance of inner-party supervision to the comprehensive and strict administration of the party. This important significance can be understood from three aspects: first, from the historical experience of the party in power. Our party has deeply realized in its ruling practice that unsupervised power will inevitably lead to corruption, which is an iron law. As the ruling party, the biggest challenge our party faces is how to effectively supervise the power and keep the party’s advanced nature and purity forever. Among them, the most important supervision is the party’s own supervision, that is, inner-party supervision. The second is to learn from the failure of communist party in the Soviet Union. One of the main reasons for the collapse of the CPSU in the 1990s after more than 70 years in power was the lack of inner-party supervision and the abuse of power. This warns us that we should attach great importance to inner-party supervision and strictly manage the party. The third is to understand the problems faced by our party in the new period. At present, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently in our Party. One of the important reasons is that the Party rules and regulations in party constitution have not been well implemented. To solve the problems existing in the Party, we must tighten inner-party supervision, promote the management of the Party from "loose and soft" to "strict and hard", ensure the effective implementation of party rules and discipline in party constitution, and provide an important guarantee for the comprehensive and strict management of the Party.

　　Promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the party by strengthening inner-party supervision. First, build a scientific inner-party supervision system. At present, a new inner-party supervision system with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and three-dimensional complementarity has been formed, namely, unified leadership by the CPC Central Committee, comprehensive supervision by party committees (party groups), special supervision by discipline inspection organs, functional supervision by party departments, daily supervision by party grass-roots organizations and democratic supervision by party member. We should give full play to the role of the inner-party supervision system and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party. Second, seize the "key minority". The object of inner-party supervision includes ordinary party member, but the focus is on leading organs and leading cadres, which is the key to strictly administering the party and strengthening inner-party supervision. Grasping the "key minority", especially solving the supervision problem of the top leaders, can play a leading and exemplary role and is of great benefit to curbing corruption and creating a good political ecology. Third, make full use of various means of inner-party supervision. These means include criticism and self-criticism, reminding conversation and admonishing conversation, debriefing and commenting on honesty, letters and visits, etc. Among them, we should pay special attention to the role of criticism and self-criticism. Criticism and self-criticism are the party’s fine traditions and good ways to find and correct shortcomings and mistakes. We must make good use of this weapon for self-defense and treatment. Fourth, strengthen the formulation and implementation of the inner-party supervision system. Adhere to the problem orientation and improve the relevant system of inner-party supervision; By adhering to the above rate, strengthening study and education, and strengthening supervision and inspection, we will do a good job in the implementation of the inner-party supervision system. Fifth, adhere to the combination of inner-party supervision and non-party supervision. The ruling position of our party determines that inner-party supervision is the most basic and the first.Only by strengthening inner-party supervision can we promote non-party supervision. At the same time, we should pay attention to the role of non-party supervision, realize the effective combination of inner-party supervision and non-party supervision, complement each other’s advantages and exert their overall strength, so as to maximize the effectiveness of supervision.

　

　　Strengthening ideals and beliefs and supplementing the "calcium" of the spirit

　　Guo Guangyin, former Party Secretary of Southeast University

　　Communist party people’s ideals and beliefs are their faith in Marxism, socialism and communism, and their loyalty to the Party and the people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual’ calcium’ of communist party people. Without ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs will be’ calcium deficiency’ and’ rickets’." Today, if we want to push forward the new great project of party building, strictly manage the party and make the party stronger, we must ask party member cadres to make up the spiritual "calcium" of ideals and beliefs more consciously.

　　To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must first strengthen our ideals and beliefs. Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is a systematic project, and strengthening ideals and beliefs is the theme that runs through this project. Judging from the Party’s organization, the Communist Party of China (CPC) adhered to the ideals of socialism and communism, which enabled the Party to make clear the direction of its efforts ideologically and politically, unite people’s strength, and maintain unity and unity. From party member’s individual point of view, ideals and beliefs are the political foundation and spiritual home for communist party people to settle down, which plays a key role in guiding and directing their thoughts and actions. Some party member cadres are politically deteriorated, economically greedy, morally degenerated and corrupted in life. In the final analysis, they lack the "calcium" of the spirit of ideals and beliefs.

　　Strengthening ideals and beliefs should be based on "four possibilities" and "six noes". Regarding whether party member cadres have ideals and beliefs, the Supreme Leader General Secretary put forward the objective criterion of "four possibilities". He pointed out, "There are objective standards to measure whether a Communist party member and a leading cadre have lofty ideals of communism. It depends on whether he can adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, whether he can bear hardships first and enjoy later, whether he can work diligently and be honest, and whether he can work hard, struggle and give all his energy and even his life for his ideals." As for the firmness of ideals and beliefs, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader further put forward the standard of "six noes", which mainly depends on whether party member cadres can have political determination in the face of major political tests, whether they can establish a firm sense of purpose, whether they can be extremely responsible for their work, whether they can bear hardships first and enjoy them later, whether they can bravely shoulder heavy burdens in the face of urgent and dangerous tasks, and whether they can withstand the temptation of power, money and beauty. The criteria of "Four Musts" and "Six Musts" endow the firm ideals and beliefs with real connotations, and provide a practical yardstick for each Communist party member to test and reflect on his political consciousness, emotional attitude and behavior.

　　Make up the "calcium" of the spirit of ideals and beliefs based on reality. With ideals and beliefs and objective standards to follow, it is not enough to ensure that ideals are always firm, beliefs are always persistent, and actions are always correct. Firm and persistent ideals and beliefs will not come into being spontaneously, but we should try our best to learn, believe, understand and do things all our lives. Only by making efforts to supplement the "calcium" of the spirit of ideals and beliefs based on reality can we cultivate a "indestructible body" that can stand firm, stand the test, resist corrosion and resist risks. The firmness of ideals and beliefs comes from the power of truth, which requires party member cadres to seriously study Marxist classics and systematically master the basic Marxist theories, standpoints and methods. To strengthen ideals and beliefs, we must also strengthen the cultivation of party spirit and constantly strengthen the "four consciousnesses." The firmness of ideals and beliefs will ultimately start with doing a good job in front of you.

　

　　Democratic centralism is an important magic weapon to safeguard the unity and unity of the party.

　　Xin Xiangyang, Vice President of Information and Information Research Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences

　　Democratic centralism is the fundamental organizational system and leadership system of our party, the basic criterion for regulating political life and handling relations within the party, a scientific and effective system for ensuring the correct formulation and implementation of the party’s line, principles and policies, and an important magic weapon for safeguarding the party’s unity and unity.

　　Democratic centralism ensures the unity of the will of the whole party and lays an ideological foundation for the unity and unity of the party. There are many factors that affect the unity and unity of the party, one of which is the ideological factor. Our party has always emphasized the principle and system of democratic centralism. With this principle and system, we can deny the party’s leadership, China’s socialist system and reform and opening up, violate, distort and deny the party’s basic line, distort, vilify and deny Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s words and deeds, distort, vilify and deny the party’s history, People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s history and the people’s army’s history, and distort, vilify and deny the party’s leaders and heroic models.

　　Democratic centralism ensures the healthy development of political life within the party and provides basic norms for the unity and unity of the party. The "Several Guidelines on Inner-Party Political Life under the New Situation" adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "In the long-term practice, our party has insisted on carrying out serious inner-party political life as an important task of party building, and formed the basic norms of inner-party political life with seeking truth from facts, integrating theory with practice, keeping close contact with the masses, criticizing and self-criticizing, democratic centralism and strict party discipline as the main contents." As the basic norm of inner-party political life, democratic centralism is conducive to unifying party member’s ideological understanding, solving some problems within the party and ensuring the healthy development of inner-party political life.

　　Democratic centralism ensures the correct orientation of selecting and employing people within the party and lays a cadre foundation for the unity and unity of the party. The development of the party’s cause is inseparable from a grand cadre team, and the formation of this team is based on democratic centralism. Based on democratic centralism, our party can constantly select outstanding talents to the jobs it needs. As the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "Our current cadre selection mechanism is also at the first level. For example, I have worked in the countryside, served as the party branch secretary of the brigade, and worked in counties, cities, provinces and the central government." The first-level selection mechanism makes the selection of cadres not only reflect the wishes of the people, but also stand the test of political life. Without democratic centralism, some cadres will believe in the "circle culture" of cliques and consider how to pull relationships and find ways. If we earnestly implement the requirements of democratic centralism, we can train a large number of good cadres with firm beliefs, serving the people, being diligent and pragmatic, daring to take responsibility, and being honest and clean.

　　Practice has proved that democratic centralism is an important magic weapon to stimulate the creativity and vitality of the party and maintain the unity and unity of the party. We should adhere to the principle of democratic centralism to handle all kinds of relations within the Party, solve contradictions and problems within the Party, jointly safeguard unity based on the principle of party spirit, and ensure that the Party always keeps ahead of the times in the historical process of profound changes in the world situation, always becomes the backbone of the people throughout the country in the historical process of coping with various risks and tests at home and abroad, and always becomes a strong leadership core in the historical process of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　People’s Daily (September 20, 2017, 19th edition)

Guo Liang was an early proletarian revolutionary of our party, a famous leader of the workers’ movement, and a close comrade-in-arms who organized and led the workers’ movement with Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong praised him as "a famous organizer of the workers’ movement". On March 29th, 1928, Guo Liang was secretly killed by Kuomintang reactionaries in Qianping, Simenkou, Changsha, at the age of 27. In Guo Liang’s short life, although there are not many poems left behind, they show Shi Ce’s unyielding heart and courage to fight.

"Ask the society, what is the truth?"

Guo Liang, formerly known as Guo Jing Jia, was born in 1901 in Wenjiaba, Sheshan, Tongguan Town, Wangcheng County, Hunan Province (now Guo Liang Village, Tongguan Street). At the age of 11, he changed his name to Guo Liang, hoping to be as resourceful as Zhuge Liang. When Guo Liang was a teenager, he paid close attention to the poor life of the people who were hungry and toiling, and thought deeply about it. He wrote a sharp new-style poem "Ask the Society": A strange question is not worth mentioning by scholars and juren, and it is also common sense for teachers, but they know nothing about it! Where did the Gu Mi of the rich come from? Why do farmers carry grain into the rich man’s barn? Ask the society, what is the truth? Where did the rich man’s house come from? Why do poor people build houses and rich people live in peace? Ask the society, what is the truth? Where do the clothes of the rich come from? Why don’t people who grow cotton and weave clothes cover their bodies? Ask the society, what is the truth? People live in the same world, why are the rich and the poor different? Ask the society, what is the truth? This poem tells the people’s sufferings in plain language and lashes out at social injustice in extremely sharp language, which is particularly easy to resonate and soon spread.

It is also in order to answer these doubts in Ask the Society that Guo Liang read more and more historical books, cared about his family and country, and began to explore the truth actively. In the autumn of 1915, 14-year-old Guo Liang was admitted to Changjun Middle School. With the anti-Japanese patriotic struggle of Hunan people constantly emerging, Guo Liang participated in the patriotic anti-Japanese struggle of Changsha students. In 1916, Guo Liang saw the heads of the murdered revolutionaries on the streets of Changsha, and angrily chanted poems: "How much blood and tears are there?"? Revenge needs to pour water into the cave, and patriotism can’t be afraid of hanging its head! " Grief and indignation gushed out from this poem, and the patriotic fire took root in the young man’s heart.

"A trickle of water sinks into a huge stream"

Once the patriotic fire is lit, it burns in Guo Liang’s young chest. He sympathized with the sufferings of the people and helped the poor to destroy their homes. In the process of dealing with the masses, I also deeply felt the turbulent but confused revolutionary enthusiasm. It seems that Guo Liang, who is surrounded by mountains and mountains, is eager to explore the way of struggle and the direction of progress. In 1919, Mao Zedong founded Xiangjiang Review in Changsha to spread and introduce new ideas. Guo Liang, who has been trying hard to explore the road of saving the country and the people, was struck by Mao Zedong’s article and soon became a loyal reader of Xiangjiang Review. In 1920, Guo Liang was admitted to Hunan No.1 Normal University, and met Mao Zedong by chance. From then on, he often asked Mao Zedong for advice on how to reform the society. Introduced by Mao Zedong, Guo Liang joined Xinmin Society, and then participated in Hunan Marxist Research Association organized by Mao Zedong, He Shuheng and Fang Weixia. In the practice of struggle, Guo Liang began to have a clear revolutionary ideal and struggle ideas, and firmly believed that nothing could be done without transforming the country.

In the winter of 1921, introduced by Mao Zedong, Guo Liang joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) and became one of the earliest party member in Hunan. When joining the party, Guo Liang made a generous statement: "Some people just give an empty mouth, and I, Guo Liang, are willing to give my head to the party." Guo Liang, who joined the Communist Party of China (CPC), finally belonged, and wrote a poem to express his feelings: "A trickle of water sinks into a huge stream, and it turns around without stopping; The back waves push the front waves and fly over the mountains to be free. " He compared his personal strength to a trickle, which, once put into the arms of the Party organization, converged into stormy waves and condensed into a majestic force of revolutionary struggle under the guidance of party flag.

"When will I wash away all my worries?"

After gloriously joining the Party, Guo Liang became more and more mature in thought, and more and more deeply realized that only by mobilizing millions of working people to work together can the action of saving the country have a steady stream of power. In the summer of 1922, after graduating from Hunan No.1 Normal School, Guo Liang immediately joined the revolutionary movement. In August of the same year, appointed by Mao Zedong, Guo Liang went to Yuezhou to carry out the work of Guangdong-Han railway labor movement. When he sailed down the Xiangjiang River to Dongting Lake, he was full of thoughts and couldn’t help chanting, "Xiao Shui, Xiang Shui, flows into the Yangtze River without a head." Long Jun sent me Dongting water, when will I wash away all my worries? " Guo Liang knew that the trip was bumpy and arduous, but he had no time to think about the severity of the difficulties, but immediately devoted himself to the fiery labor movement. On September 9th, Guo Liang organized and led a strike of 3,000 workers on the Guangdong-Han Railway, which shocked the whole country and opened the prelude to the first labor movement climax in Hunan. At the end of the same year, Guo Liang led the kindling of the workers’ movement to his hometown Tongguan. In the struggle, Guo Liang made good use of concise language to complain about the sufferings of ceramic workers, such as: "Digging clay bent his waist, pushing clay bowed his back, burning kiln goods burned his heart, making kiln goods worn his hand, and selling kiln goods lost his leg." In a few words, the injustice of the poor life of ceramic workers for generations was revealed, which aroused the workers’ resonance, condensed the struggle force, led the ceramic workers to resist the so-called "kiln door tax" and organized the establishment of the Tongguan ceramic trade union. On the day when the Tongguan Ceramics Trade Union was established, the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a pun couplet. The first part is "Don’t say that loose sand can’t make a great instrument", and the second part is "You should know that soil can turn into gold".Highly praised Guo Liang for leading generate, a ceramic worker.

In leading the Guangdong-Han railway workers’ strike, the pottery workers’ struggle against taxes and taxes, and the Changsha workers’ struggle against imperialism and feudal warlords, Guo Liang has increasingly demonstrated his ability to approach and inspire the masses. At that time, Bolshevik, the central theoretical publication, commented on Guo Liang: Guo Liang was the pioneer of Hunan workers’ movement. Anyuan in Jiangxi, Shuikoushan in Hunan, Changsha, Guangdong, Han and Zhuping in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, these local workers and other industrial professional workers all organized struggles under his direct and indirect guidance.

"Heroes have never bowed their heads since ancient times."

"Xiang water stirs up the hatred of the river, and the sword breaks the water and flows more. Although good and evil are reversed, heroes have never bowed their heads since ancient times. " This poem was sung by Guo Liang on the way to Wuchang after he was arrested by the enemy. It not only expressed his resentment of "the inversion of good and evil", but also showed his heroic spirit of being fearless and dying. In July, 1924, after Guo Liang was elected as the chairman of Hunan Anti-Imperialism Alliance, he wrote a lot of campaign articles. Under the careful organization of Guo Liang, Hunan once again set off an anti-imperialist climax. Guo Liang, who was at the forefront of the struggle, was wanted several times by Zhao Hengti, the warlord of Hunan at that time. In the face of the wanted notice, Guo Liang laughed it off without fear, and wrote a doggerel: "Zhao thief is persistent, a man looks like a wolf, killing with one hand and burning incense with the other, shouting autonomy and secretly communicating with the powers. If this cub is not removed, the people will suffer, and they will get a dog’s head and a pair of copper coins. Advise the police, don’t be fooled, help the tiger eat, and it will come to no good end. The notice is integrated, so remember to be detailed. " This limerick exposes the ugly face of reactionaries in laughing and cursing, and also points out the direction of struggle for the people in plain language. Under the leadership of Guo Liang and other comrades, anti-imperialist and patriotic activities in Hunan have become increasingly frequent and powerful. Facing the great revolutionary situation, Guo Liang and his comrade-in-arms Xia Minghan touched the scene and recited poems. Guo Liang recited: "One sword hangs on the bedside, and the GREAT GHOST kid comes in." Xia Minghan replied, "Kill all demons and level the world, and the mountains, rivers, the sun and the moon will be rearranged." The two revolutionary heroes expressed their aspirations with poems, and their determination to fight to the end jumped to the page.

In January 1928, dispatched by the CPC Central Committee, Guo Liang served as the secretary of the special committee of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi. Under the leadership of his organization, the party organizations in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces have been restored and developed. On March 27th, Guo Liang was arrested in Yueyang because of a traitor’s informer, and was executed secretly by the reactionary authorities in the early morning of 29th. Before his execution, he wrote a cone-shaped suicide note to his wife, who is also a native of communist party: "Can Ying, my love: Bright running around, homeless and stateless. I’m done. Hope to be kind and caress my son to follow my ambition. This is awkward. " This touching suicide note not only expresses deep attachment to family members, but also expresses infinite expectations for future generations to continue their struggle.

Video shooting/video editing: Liang Xuhao

Luo Zhengxiang, reporter Liang Yihao, photo

[Guangdong famous doctor who has been a doctor for 70 years]

Jinyang. com reporter Feng Xixi correspondent Yue Weixin Zhang Lanxi Zhang Lingling Yuting

Professor Luo Zhengxiang, 93, is a famous expert in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery in China. He used to be the president of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and the director of Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. From a handsome young boy to a white-haired old man today, years have left traces, but he can never change the "passion" in his heart-"saving lives" is his lifelong pursuit.

Under his leadership, Guangdong took the lead in establishing the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in China, and its reputation is still far-reaching. This famous cardiovascular expert also won the honor of "Outstanding Contribution Award of China Cardiothoracic Surgery".

The "best student" was admitted to medical college.

Luo Zhengxiang, 93, has gray hair, but his figure is straight. He is still a handsome elder in a suit. His thinking is very clear. When he is free, he watches movies and listens to classical music. When he goes out, he takes a mobile phone and "scans the code to pay" like a young man. He is a "grandfather". This "post-90 s" grandfather has made outstanding contributions to the development of cardiovascular disease in China.

In 1947, Luo Zhengxiang did not study business or economics as expected by his father. "When I was a child, I loved reading history books and wanted to be a hero. At that time, the best students could be admitted to medical school, so I went after the hardest." With an indomitable spirit, he successfully passed the West China University of Medical Sciences.

In 1954, Luo Zhengxiang came to work in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, and chose the most difficult and complicated major in the medical field at that time-cardiac surgery. Since then, he has embarked on a journey of "heart" for more than half a century.

Cardiac surgery was difficult to start in China at that time. But Luo Zhengxiang never gave up his research on heart disease-heart surgery is extremely demanding, starting with the most basic hemostasis practice. The great blood vessel was accidentally broken and the blood was shocking. Luo Zhengxiang looked at the shadowless lamp, pressed it, pressed it, pinched it, and stitched the wound with a big curved needle. He was calm and calm for a few times: OK. The valves are stitched one by one, and repeated actions are done over and over again, which is simple and boring. 1 hour, 2 hours … Some doctors have been standing on their legs and looking at them, but Luo Zhengxiang is staring, unhurried and meticulously crafted.

"I used to have surgery and the conditions were very bad. Eating a dollar at noon is simple; There is no air conditioning in the operating room. Everyone is sweating after the operation and can only drink more water after the operation. " Luo Zhengxiang said that although the conditions are difficult, everyone can work together with Qi Xin. "The director of the department takes the lead in suffering, and the doctors and nurses will follow suit. This is a kind of atmosphere and a kind of culture."

The first generation of artificial biological heart valve in China has been developed.

In 1974, after visiting Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, Argentine cardiovascular experts decided to invite Guangdong experts to study cardiovascular technology in Argentina. On March 16th, 1974, a technical team organized by the Ministry of Health, mainly from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Xiang Xiangyao, Luo Zhengxiang, Chen Chuanrong, Wei Wanchang, Chen Zhiming, Wang Tailai and Jin Si Lan from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical College) went to Argentina for a one-year medical investigation. This year’s study was fruitful, and Luo Zhengxiang and his party brought back advanced valve technology. In 1977, Luo Zhengxiang and Cai Zengxin went to an Italian hospital in Argentina again to study heart valve technology. In 1975, the first domestic aortic valve replacement was successfully implemented, and the first domestic pediatric valve replacement was successfully implemented in the same year …

In the 1970s, rheumatic heart disease and rheumatic fever prevailed in southern China, but for these patients who need valve replacement, heart valves need to be imported, which is expensive and few people can afford it. Luo Zhengxiang and his colleagues are determined to make Chinese’s own heart valve. In 1976, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases set up a research room for artificial heart biological valves, and then cooperated with Australian medical expert Dr. Zhang Renqian to set up Pacific Biological Products Company in Huangpu District of Guangzhou with full reference to international standards to develop and produce artificial heart valves. In 1977, the first generation of artificial biological heart valve in China, Guangdong Type I, was developed and applied in clinic, taking the lead in the perioperative management of cardiac surgery and the application of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in critical heart surgery. In 1987, Guangdong II artificial heart biological valve was successfully developed, and in 1988, the artificial mechanical heart valve was successfully developed in cooperation with Australian experts and applied in clinic. Domestic valves greatly reduce the cost of patients’ surgery and shorten the gap between cardiothoracic surgery in China and advanced countries in the world.

3. Lead the Institute of Mind Research to break through difficulties and create brilliance.

In 1958, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Thoracic Diseases was established in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. For various reasons, the development of the institute was quite tortuous. On August 7th, 1978, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee agreed to rename Guangdong Thoracic Disease Research Institute as "Guangdong Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute", and the Ministry of Health listed Guangdong Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute as one of the three key cardiovascular disease research institutes in China (Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong).

In this way, the Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases was established, but how to go next is a problem that Luo Zhengxiang has to face. Now, 93-year-old Luo Zhengxiang goes back to the Institute every day to see this old place where he has been "cultivating" for decades. Every time he walks past the entrance of Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou, he will think of the difficulties of that year: "The Institute had no funds at first, and we ran to the cement factory to find the cement. I wear leather shoes to the construction site every day to supervise the work. After that, I change my clothes and go back to the operating room for surgery. " In this way, with the concerted efforts of everyone’s Qi Xin, the Institute of Mind Research has grown up slowly.

Today, it has gone through 61 years. Over the past 61 years, the Institute has trained a large number of experts for the country, treated tens of thousands of patients and laid the foundation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Created countless national firsts, first cases, and even world firsts.

Young doctors love to chat with Luo Zhengxiang, and he is also willing to communicate with young people. He said that he likes to chat with patients when he sees a doctor, and it is easier to build trust when he gets familiar with each other. "When you are a doctor, you must be dedicated to the patient and do everything for the patient; I have been a doctor for decades, and some patients have not been saved, but no one has ever made trouble, because they all know that I am saving with my heart. Whether the doctor is careful or not can be seen by patients and their families. "

[famous doctor said]

When you are a doctor, you should devote yourself to the patients.

When you are a doctor, you should be dedicated to the patient and do everything for the patient; I have been a doctor for decades, and some patients have not been saved, but no one has ever made trouble, because they all know that I am trying to save them.

Original Zhao Bei Ten-Point Science

Because of the aging immune system, vaccines are less effective for the elderly. Scientists believe that it is more important and more widely used to develop drugs that can enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop vaccines for the elderly.

Along with skin aging, there is also the immune system. | Figure worm creativity

Author | Doctor of Immunology, Zhao Bei

Recently, many deaths caused by influenza vaccine in Korea have attracted attention. As of October 31st, the death toll rose to 83, of which 71 were over 70 years old (accounting for 85.5%). In addition to the possible quality problems of the vaccine itself, it also reminds us of the fact that the role of the vaccine for young people and the elderly is different.

This is also a difficult point in the development of COVID19 vaccine.

Increasing age, and aging immune system

As people get older, we experience a series of physical changes, such as hearing loss, skin relaxation, joint injury and so on, and even the vitality of the immune system gradually decreases. This phenomenon is called "immune aging". This is also the reason why the elderly have become the main targets of infection and death in Covid-19.

In the face of the out-of-control epidemic in COVID-19, USA, and the emergence of the second round of epidemic peak in Europe, vaccine research and development is in full swing in various countries, which is expected to be a life-saving straw to reverse the situation.

However, vaccines, a means of "actively mobilizing the human immune system to prevent real virus attacks", are usually far less effective in the elderly population-the immune response of the elderly to vaccines is often weaker. That is, the immune system of the elderly is more difficult to be mobilized by vaccines.

This means that vaccines may not protect those who need protection most.

So, how does the immune system age?

Our bodies are naturally resistant to most pathogens. Although the environment is full of pathogens, we still live well most of the time.

The human immune system is divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. The former is universal immunity. When the body encounters foreign objects (such as skin and mucous membrane), innate immunity will respond quickly. However, although it responds quickly, its ability is limited and it is often broken. For example, when it meets Covid-19, it can’t hold on.

The latter is the acquired immunity of the body, that is, for some pathogens that have not been seen before, the body must first fight with it and learn from it before it can gain immunity to it. The power of acquired immunity is very powerful. As long as the body can withstand the attack of pathogens in "learning" and meet the same pathogens in the future, it will not be a problem at all. For example, infectious diseases such as smallpox and chickenpox, if you get it once, you will generally not get it again.

When the body is invaded by foreign pathogens, such as viruses, innate immunity and acquired immunity will cooperate to resist.

In the innate immune system, immune cells, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells, will recognize or even devour the virus first, and secrete a large number of cytokines to summon more immune cells with different functions to join the battle. Some of these cells, such as phagocytes and dendritic cells, will also transmit the antigens of these viruses (substances that can cause antibody production) to the subsequent T cells and B cells, which are representatives of acquired immune cells.

T-cells and B-cells (shown here as antibodies produced by B-cells) are representatives of immune cells, and they are named after mature parts. The former is mature in thymus (English) and the latter is mature in bone marrow (English). Both are star immune cells. | Figure worm creativity

These two kinds of cells can not only produce antibodies and cytokines to quickly destroy the virus, but also form specific memory cells, so that they can respond quickly after encountering the same virus again.

When the immune system destroys the virus, immune cells will gather locally in the body, forming redness, swelling and heat pain, which is what we usually call inflammation. Proinflammatory factors secreted during this period, such as interleukin -1 and tumor necrosis factor α, can promote the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, but excessive inflammation may lead to cytokine storms and even life-threatening. Another kind of anti-inflammatory factor, such as interleukin -10, can prevent excessive inflammation and maintain the balance of the body environment.

These factors together constitute our immunity.

And what will happen to our immune function as we get older? What is the impact on vaccine development?

Compared with young people, the immune aging of the elderly is mainly manifested in two aspects:

The initial number of T cells and B cells decreased. Vaccine mainly stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. Only when there are a large number of B cells with high diversity of receptors in the body, the greater the probability of recognizing antigens, and the targeted (directional) antibodies and memory B cells can be formed. -The decrease of B cells will undoubtedly weaken this effect.

Chronic low-grade inflammation is easy to occur after vaccination. The aging and necrotic cells in the elderly can not be removed in time, which will stimulate the immune system continuously, causing immune cells (such as macrophages) to continuously secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the immune response cannot be terminated. The consequence is that the immune system can’t respond the next time the pathogenic microorganism attacks the human body, that is, immune dysfunction.

These lead to different effects of vaccines in the elderly and young people.

Vaccine research and development under "immune aging";

A special vaccine or an auxiliary drug to reverse aging?

For Covid-19, there are about 50 kinds of vaccines being tested in the world, but scientists are still not sure whether the vaccines are equally effective for the elderly.

One of the vaccines "mRNA-1273" being developed by Moderna, a biological company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, produced antibody levels similar to those of younger subjects in 40 subjects over the age of 56.

However, Pfizer and BioNTech, pharmaceutical companies located in Mainz, Germany, found in the first phase of the experiment that the antibody level induced by the vaccine "BNT162b2" was only half that of young people. It is certain that the antibody level produced by the elderly after vaccination is higher than that caused by the virus infection of their peers, but this is still not enough to explain whether the antibody induced by "BNT162b2" is enough to protect the elderly from the real virus attack.

Most of the vaccines being developed have elderly subjects, but more than half of the 18 latest candidate vaccines have no elderly subjects in clinical trials, which greatly increases the potential risks of vaccines to the elderly.

Some vaccines are being developed, which may have hidden dangers for the elderly. | Figure worm creativity

Facing the phenomenon of immune aging of the elderly, scientists are also actively looking for strategies.

Mainly includes the following two aspects:

(1) The first is how to enhance the immune response of the elderly induced by vaccines.

According to the experience in the research and development of influenza vaccine, the elderly are usually treated by increasing immune stimulating components (such as adjuvants) or increasing the dose of virus antigen to achieve the expected antibody level.

Other scientists have turned to developing drugs to enhance the immune system function of the elderly, that is, supplementing drugs at the same time of vaccination. This way aims to promote the rejuvenation of the immune system of the elderly, even reverse immune aging, and can also resist the virus more effectively when it is infected.

In the above two schemes, the research on reversing age, especially immune aging, has made some progress. In the past 20 years, scientists have found some key small molecular targets. One kind of anti-aging drugs acts on the protein molecule mTOR in the cell growth regulation pathway. Experiments show that inhibiting the expression of mTOR can prolong the life of Drosophila and even mice.

Joan Mannick, one of the founders of resTORbio, a biotechnology company in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, said that "mTOR participates in many biological regulation mechanisms, especially the process of human aging and organ dysfunction".

During his work at Novartis Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mannick published a study on mTOR protein in 2018, trying to answer the question "Can reducing the content of mTOR protein in the elderly improve the immune system function of the elderly?". 264 participants in the study received low-dose mTOR inhibitor or placebo respectively, and after six weeks, the infection rate of influenza virus and the effect of influenza vaccine were followed up. It was found that the number of people suffering from influenza in the elderly who received mTOR inhibitors decreased significantly, and the immune response caused by influenza vaccine was stronger.

Another study shows that mTOR inhibitor RTB101 can enhance the immune response of the elderly after coronavirus infection, and the elderly who receive mTOR inhibitor have lower coronavirus load and recover faster. At present, resTORbio is testing the preventive or therapeutic effect of RTB101 on Covid-19 infection in 550 elderly people over 65 years old in nursing homes.

In addition, at least four research teams are studying the therapeutic effect of rapamycin, another more mature mTOR inhibitor, on the elderly over 60 years old infected with COVID-19.

In addition, metformin, a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, also inhibits the activity of mTOR protein. Clinical data from China and the United States show that diabetic or obese patients who take metformin have less symptoms of Covid-19 infection and lower mortality.

Carolyn Bramante, a researcher at the University of Minnesota in the United States, pointed out that people with diabetes and obesity show immune deficiency very similar to that of the elderly. At present, Bramante and his colleagues are conducting a study involving 1,500 people to explore whether taking metformin can prevent Covid-19’s infection or alleviate its symptoms. Although the mechanism is not clear, decades of clinical data show that metformin has high safety, can be used in children and even pregnant women, and the cost is very low, which are the advantages of metformin.

(2) The second key is how to avoid causing or how to terminate chronic inflammatory reaction.

Studies have found that losmapimod, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat muscular dystrophy, can inhibit chronic inflammatory response and improve the body’s response when viruses or bacteria invade. A biological company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA recruited 400 volunteers to verify the therapeutic effect of losmapimod on patients with COVID-19. The drug may be able to treat symptoms such as respiratory failure after Covid-19 infection, thus saving patients’ lives.

Many scientists say that it is more important to develop drugs to enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop COVID-19 vaccine for the elderly, and the latter is more universal, which can improve the protection effect of influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine and even other vaccines in the future. A deep understanding of immune aging and its regulation mechanism and the development of related drugs will also have far-reaching implications for the treatment of other diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

In short, although there are always difficulties in vaccine development, known or unknown, scientists have been working hard and believe that methods will always be found.

(Editor Gao Peiwen)

Original information:

Cassandra Willyard, Nature vol 586, 15.10.2020

Reference information:

1. Anderson E. J.et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 2020

2. Walsh E. E. etal., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 (2020)

3. Helfand B. K. I. et al., JAMA Intern. Med., 2020

4. Mannick J. B. et al., Sci. Transl. Med., 2020

5. Luo P. et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2020

6. Bramante, C. et al., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135095(2020)

7. Vukmanovic-Stejic M. et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2018

The article was published by "Ten Points of Science" (ID: Science _ 10) WeChat official account, please indicate the source.

Original title: "Immune aging that cannot be underestimated: old age may lead to ineffective vaccines"

Read the original text

　　Recently, Hu Yue, associate professor and doctoral supervisor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, has caused a heated discussion because he published 60 SCI papers in five years.

　　According to the teacher’s personal homepage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hu Yue received a bachelor’s degree in applied chemistry from East China University of Science and Technology in 2012 and a doctorate in chemistry from Edinburgh University in 2016.

　　In the same year, she joined Wuhan Photoelectric National Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and has been engaged in theoretical and experimental research of photovoltaic materials for solar cells for a long time.

　　In self-introduction, Hu Yue mentioned that in the past five years, she has published more than 60 SCI papers, including 21 papers by the first correspondent, including 1 paper by Science, 1 paper by Joule and 1 paper by Advanced Materials. At present, there are 2 highly cited papers on ESI.

　　Nine groups of journalists found that in the statistical table of journal impact factors released in June this year, the impact factor of Science was 47.728, that of Joule was 41.248, and that of Advanced Materials was 30.849. Impact factor refers to the frequency with which articles in a periodical are cited in a specific year or period. Generally speaking, the higher the impact factor, the greater the influence of the journal.

　　Some netizens said that before Hu Yue joined Huazhong University of Science and Technology, there were only four papers by the first author, and one paper was output on average one month after joining the company, and his paper was suspected of "irrigation".

　　"Our teacher didn’t do anything wrong, but the mistake was too much exposure." On the afternoon of December 13th, han hongwei, the leader of Hu Yue’s research group and professor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, responded to the reporter.

　　"Our research group has a large number of people and published many articles, which has caused some misunderstandings." Han hongwei said.

　　The leader of the research group responded: The mistake is that there is too much exposure.

　　"We didn’t expect the heat to be so high, and this matter was misinterpreted." Han hongwei said.

　　His office is next door to Hu Yue. On December 13th, he answered the phone all afternoon and walked in a hurry. Referring to Hu Yue, he said angrily, "Our teacher didn’t do anything wrong, but the mistake was too much exposure."

　　On December 8th, a post-90s doctoral supervisor was often recognized as a "teacher elder sister"! The introduction is very eye-catching! The article was reprinted by many media, allowing Hu Wei to enter the public eye. While gaining praise, Hu Yue’s resume also sparked heated discussion.

　　In the article, Hu Yue said that her grandfather graduated from Zhejiang University with a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree, and she has been engaged in chemical-related work. Her interest in scientific research was enlightened by her grandfather. In 2008, Hu Yue was admitted to the School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of East China University of Science and Technology. In 2009, she joined the team of Academician Tian He and participated in the national innovative experimental program for college students to carry out research on "dye-sensitized solar cells". Therefore, some netizens speculated that Hu Yue relied on his grandfather to obtain academic resources.

　　On December 14th, Hu Yue responded in an interview with China Science News that his grandfather was a retired engineer of former Wuhan Chemical Industry Bureau, not an academician of Internet communication. According to public reports, Hu Yue scored 626 points in the college entrance examination that year, ranking first among Hubei candidates admitted by East China University of Science and Technology. With such good grades, she joined the Department of Science and Technology Excellence of East China University of Science and Technology, and had the opportunity to choose Professor Tian He as her tutor.

　　On the teacher’s personal homepage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hu Yue briefly mentioned that in the past five years, she has published more than 60 SCI papers, including 21 first/correspondent papers. Including 1 science, 1 Joule, 1 advanced materials, 2 advanced energy materials, 2 advanced functional materials, 1 ACS energy letter and 1 energy & environmental science. At present, Google Scholar has cited more than 1,800 times, with an H index of 24, and 2 papers have been selected as highly cited papers in ESI.

　　Hu Yue’s research field. Network screenshot

　　Han hongwei explained why the number of Hu Yue’s articles is as high as 60: "As a teacher of the research group, we will collectively take a group of students to give guidance from different angles and different professional backgrounds. If the teacher contributes, we will write his name in." He added that apart from the first author, co-first author and correspondent, other teachers are only participants, and their contribution may be only 1% or 10%, and they are not responsible for the article.

　　According to WeChat official account, the official of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, at present, Hu Yue and Professor han hongwei have jointly trained five doctoral students and five master students independently. Three master students have graduated, two have entered Huawei and one has gone to Zhejiang University for further study.

　　"Our research group has a large number of people and published many articles, which has caused some misunderstandings." Han hongwei said.

　　He was promoted to associate professor in two years and became a doctoral supervisor in three years.

　　"Young" and "excellent" are Hu Yue’s most conspicuous labels. The short film "Chasing the Light — — In Hu Yue, Hu Yue said: "I am an associate professor and doctoral supervisor born in the 1990s. When I first returned to China, many students were even older than me."

　　During the undergraduate course, she studied with Professor Hua Jianli of East China University of Science and Technology and Academician Tian He. In the representative papers listed by Professor Hua Jianli in official website, East China University of Science and Technology, Hu Yue’s name appeared in the author list of six papers, and the publishing time was from 2014 to 2017.

　　In 2012, after graduating from Hu Yue University, he applied for a full scholarship with excellent results and entered the University of Edinburgh to continue solar cell research. In 2016, Hu Yue received his Ph.D. and joined Huazhong University of Science and Technology through the postdoctoral talent introduction program.

　　According to the upstream news report, there are four papers published by Hu Yue in 2016, which are neither the first author nor the correspondent author, and of these four papers, only one is more valuable, but it is not the top publication. Therefore, some netizens think: "At this level, if the postdoctoral experience is not gilded, it is difficult to get a teaching position in a school like Huake."

　　In this regard, Hu Yue said in an interview with China Science News that during her doctoral period, she published more than 10 papers, among which 6 were first authors or co-first authors. After graduating from Ph.D., she first entered Huazhong University of Science and Technology as a postdoctoral fellow and stayed at school after leaving the station.

　　Official website of Huazhong University of Science and Technology shows that Hu Yue went to Oxford University, London Imperial College London and Lausanne Federal Institute of Technology for cooperation and exchange for one or three months during his doctoral studies.

　　After entering Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the number of articles published by Hu Yue increased significantly. The reporter found in Google Academic Search that Hu Yue published 13 papers in 2017.

　　In 2018, she and associate professor Rong Guangguang of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Dr. Mei Anyi published a paper as the co-first author, which was published in Science magazine, and the project also won the support of major research plan integration projects and key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation.

　　In the same year, Hu Yue was promoted to associate professor and became a doctoral supervisor in 2019.

　　The office door is covered with cartoon images.

　　At five o’clock on the afternoon of December 13th, the building of Wuhan Optoelectronic National Research Center in the east campus of Huazhong University of Science and Technology was full of busy students.

　　In the corridor, five students around the round table discussed the group work fiercely. A black boy wearing headphones came out of the laboratory and stared blankly out of the window. There were four graduate students at the corner of the stairs to define the division of labor for the next project presentation.

　　Hu Yue works on the eighth floor. In a row of offices, hers is the most special. The gray door is covered with the image of opening, an orange cat sticker is stuck by the door, and the stills of Naruto are skewed in the center, with two molecular formulas sandwiched between them.

　　Hu Yue’s office. Figure/Nine School News Ma Jieying

　　The reporter found that Hu Yue had only one project practice class recently.

　　Liu Yilin (pseudonym), a graduate student at the School of Optoelectronic and Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said that Hu Yue spends most of her time in the laboratory, but recently, because of her graduation thesis defense, she rarely appears in this building. "I am not here these days." Liu Yilin said.

　　Liu Yilin’s impression of Hu Yue is "tenderness". Because they are not in the same research group, there is not much communication. The only communication between him and Hu Yue was when he defended his graduation thesis last year. At that time, as soon as he showed the results of his paper, Hu Yue asked a question about energy management, but Liu Yilin’s research direction was different from this. He didn’t answer it. "I was very nervous at that time, but the teacher was very gentle and didn’t answer it."

　　Opposite Hu Yue’s office is the student office, where several graduate students work. The computer screen of the girl sitting at the door is covered with experimental pictures, and there are unfinished English papers in the document.

　　A student from other research groups told reporters that she had read online queries and hoped not to interview Mr. Hu. "Teacher Hu is usually very kind to us."

Foreword

Influenza virus can cause seasonal influenza, and may even cause a pandemic outbreak. Influenza virus is a negative-strand RNA virus with complex classification, numerous subtypes and easy mutation. At present, it is recognized that the best way to prevent influenza is vaccination. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) updates the composition of the vaccine strain every year.

Changes of influenza vaccine strains in the northern hemisphere in 2024-2025

In order to keep the vaccine effective, it is necessary to update the components of influenza virus vaccine regularly. After analyzing the global influenza virus epidemiology, etiology and vaccine serology, WHO announced the recommendation of influenza vaccine components in the northern hemisphere from 2024 to 2025 on February 23, 2024.

?

Trivalent chicken embryo culture vaccine

an A/Victoria/4897/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus

an A/Thailand/8/2022 (H3N2) -like virus

a B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus

?

Trivalent cell culture or recombinant protein vaccine

an A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus

an A/Massachusetts/18/2022 (H3N2)-like virus

a B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus

?

Tetravalent chicken embryo and cell culture or recombinant protein vaccine

The following components are added on the basis of trivalent vaccine

a B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage)-like virus

Since March 2020, the naturally occurring B/Yamagata virus has not been confirmed. WHO thinks that it is not necessary to use B/Yamagata virus as a component of influenza vaccine, and it should be removed from the component of influenza vaccine. Where tetravalent vaccine is still used, the composition of B/Yamagata line is consistent with the previous recommendation.

Comparing the composition of influenza vaccine in the northern hemisphere from 2023 to 2024, it was found that the change of composition was mainly due to the difference of H3N2 virus strains:

Vaccine types

2023-2024

2024-2025

Trivalent chicken embryo culture vaccine

A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2)-like virus

A/Thailand/8/2022 (H3N2) -like virus

Trivalent cell culture or recombinant protein vaccine

A/Darwin/9/2021 (H3N2)-like virus

A/Massachusetts/18/2022 (H3N2)-like virus

Recombinant antigen is the key material for vaccine research.

In influenza virus-related vaccines, drugs and even diagnostic reagents, key target antigens have played an important role. In the following table, we have sorted out the information of HA, NA and NP proteins.

albumen

function

app; application

HA

(hemagglutinin)

The sialic acid receptor on the host cell membrane binds to help the virus envelope fuse with the host cell membrane; Coagulation

Basic research on influenza

Influenza vaccine research and development

Development of anti-hemagglutinin antibody

Study on virus detection reagent

NA

(neuraminidase)

Hydrolyze sialic acid receptor to promote the release of mature virus particles

Research and development of antiviral drugs

Basic research on influenza

Influenza vaccine research and development

Antibody development

Study on virus detection reagent

NP

(nuclear protein)

Combine with influenza genetic material and participate in virus gene replication, transcription and translation; Maintain the stability of virus gene

Research and development of antiviral drugs

Basic research on influenza

Antibody development

Diagnostic product development

The recombinant antigen of influenza vaccine strain can be used in all aspects of vaccine development, such as vaccine content detection, vaccine biological titer detection and toxicological experimental research. Using recombinant antigen for ELISA detection, we can analyze the levels of serum total antibody and neutralizing antibody after vaccination, and use recombinant protein as control to detect the vaccine content.

The results of detecting the serum antibody level of mice immunized with vaccine by recombinant influenza HA protein (image from Andersen, et al.)

Influenza vaccine strain-related antigens are available in stock.

Yiqiao Shenzhou continues to pay attention to the research progress of influenza vaccine, and has built a relatively complete influenza virus research reagent library. It has been online to recombine some proteins of HA, NA and NP of the northern hemisphere influenza vaccine strain in 2024-2025, and it is available from stock. Order it now!

Consultation is polite!

After checking the information correctly, you can get a 35 yuan Luckin Coffee voucher.

Scanning code to understand the recombinant antigens related to components of influenza vaccine strains from 2024 to 2025;

references

[1]https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/recommended-composition-of-influenza-virus-vaccines-for-use-in-the-2024-2025-northern-hemisphere-influenza-season

[2] Andersen, et al. Pandemic Preparedness Against Influenza: DNA Vaccine for Rapid Relief.[J]. Frontiers in Immunology.2021.747032.

[3] Bangaru S , et al. A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface[J]. Cell, 2019.

[4] Kim M, et al. Inhibition of infection virus internalization by (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate. [J]. Antiviral Research, 2013,100 (2): 460-472. Continue to slide to see the next one.

Read the original text

　　On May 17, Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics, said in response to the latest population data that China is currently in a state of mild aging.

　　Fu Linghui said that there are some misunderstandings in the society, and many people think that China has entered a deeply aging society. In fact, there is a general understanding in the world that a country’s population over 60 years old accounts for more than 10% of the total population, and this country has entered an aging society. Between 10% and 20%, it is mildly aging, between 20% and 30%, it is moderately aging, and over 30% is severely aging. According to the census, the proportion of elderly people over 60 years old in China is 18.7%, which shows that China is still in a state of mild aging. (CCTV reporter Yang Yi Zhou Ling)

　　"Low carbon" is one of the hottest words at the two sessions this year. CPPCC members’ proposals are piled up with "low carbon", and NPC deputies discuss "low carbon" hotly, and group discussions are also inseparable from the topic of "low carbon". "Low carbon" has become the "new favorite" that people pay attention to for a time. So, what is "low carbon" and what does agriculture and rural areas do in developing low carbon? The insights of the deputies explain the "low carbon" of agricultural and rural development from different angles.

　　The meaning of the transformation of agricultural development mode

　　"Low-carbon agriculture is first of all an idea and a development direction of agricultural transformation development mode. The essence of the low-carbon concept is to save energy. " Shang Xunwu, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Gansu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, said.

　　Zhang Quanguo, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and dean of the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Henan Agricultural University, further explained low-carbon agriculture. He said: "Agriculture, as the basic industry of the national economy, is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, and it is also increasingly affected by the greenhouse effect. How to formulate low-carbon agricultural development policies and reduce carbon emissions in agricultural production has increasingly become the focus of attention from all walks of life and one of the key areas to be considered in regional economic development. It is imperative to change the agricultural production mode as soon as possible and develop low-carbon and high-efficiency agriculture. "

　　At present, in China’s agricultural production mode, some production habits do not meet the requirements of low carbon, which is neither economical nor polluting the environment. Taking fertilization as an example, Meng Tieying, deputy stationmaster of soil and fertilizer station in Xincheng County, Guangxi Province, said that because there is a lot of local rain, heavy rain usually causes farmland to be flooded. Traditional fertilization methods make the loss of fertilizer very serious, which not only increases the cost, but also pollutes the environment. Farmers urgently need a fertilizer that can control the release rate. Data show that the low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is the main reason for environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizers. In addition to crop absorption and utilization and soil residue, more than 50% of nitrogen is not absorbed by crops and lost to farmland, which has caused a series of environmental and food safety problems, such as eutrophication of water, soil hardening, greenhouse effect and degradation of agricultural products quality.

　　Zhang put forward a proposal to develop low-carbon agriculture. He believed that it is necessary to cultivate the management concept of low-carbon agriculture, vigorously promote the innovation of agricultural production system, implement the management assessment responsibility system for energy saving and emission reduction in agriculture-related production, and gradually develop and improve agricultural energy efficiency standards from the height of national laws and regulations. He also proposed that we should pay attention to the research on low-carbon agriculture, including the integrated application research of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink expansion technologies such as energy, environment, building structure, water supply and drainage, and green space.

　　Science and technology support low carbonization of agricultural production

　　Shang Xunwu said that there are many articles that can be done to develop modern agriculture and realize the development of agriculture from extensive to refined. It can be said that in the agricultural field, it is very feasible to achieve low carbon.

　　He said that many aspects of agriculture can consider how to achieve low carbon. For example, he said that from the perspective of agricultural inputs, such as water resources, agriculture consumes a lot of water, but now the way of using water is unreasonable, causing great waste. Water is used for irrigation, but also consumes electricity. If water is saved, irrigation energy is saved, and it is low-carbon.

　　Zhang Quanguo gave a concept of low-carbon agriculture. "Low-carbon agriculture is a modern agricultural development model. Through various means such as technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, and new energy development and utilization, energy consumption and carbon emissions are reduced as much as possible to achieve a win-win situation for agricultural production development and ecological environment protection." He further explained that low-carbon agriculture is the further development of eco-agriculture and green agriculture, which not only advocates less use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and efficient agricultural production like eco-agriculture, but also pays more attention to the reduction of overall agricultural energy consumption and carbon emissions in the process of planting, transportation and processing, when the use of energy such as electricity, oil and gas is increasing.

　　Shang Xunwu gave his own suggestions on how to promote low-carbon agriculture. First, strengthen the role of technology and promote low-carbon technology in agriculture. The second is the innovation of production mode. For example, intensive production, through cooperatives and professional associations to promote centralized production and management, improve efficiency.

　　Zhang Quanguo also holds the same view: supporting the sustainable development of agriculture by improving the technical content of low-carbon agriculture.

　　Taking the scientific and technological development of fertilizer research and development as an example, China has supported the low-carbon fertilization in fertilizer technology research and development. Liu Jianwen, a representative from Agricultural Economics Center of Agriculture Bureau of Linshu County, Shandong Province, said that in recent years, fertilizer enterprises in Linshu have achieved remarkable results in research and development, production and popularization of slow-release fertilizers in low carbon. For example, he said that hundreds of slow-release fertilizer products developed and promoted by Jin Zhengda Group, the largest production base of slow-release fertilizers in Asia, are suitable for field crops in China. Xu Weigang, deputy director of Wheat Research Center of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, summed up the advantages of slow-release fertilizers in low carbon: slow-release fertilizers can control nutrient release according to crop nutrient demand, which changes the shortcomings that fertilizers can not meet the different demands of crops at different growth stages because of rapid dissolution and nutrient loss, and can greatly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, protect the environment, save energy, simplify crop production technology and help farmers reduce costs and increase income.

　　For supporting the development of low-carbon agriculture with science and technology, Zhang put forward more specific suggestions. He suggested: First, improve the low-carbon agricultural infrastructure in the core grain producing areas. Intensify integration, focusing on the construction of modern facility agriculture demonstration parks, ecological animal husbandry, grain (leafy vegetables) functional areas and other projects to lay a good foundation for accelerating the development of modern agriculture. Second, strengthen the cultivation of excellent varieties adapted to low-carbon environment. At the same time, we should vigorously promote the innovation of farming system and promote a number of development models such as stable grain and high efficiency, farming-pastoral cycle, and paddy-upland rotation. Third, greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and reduce the carbon content in agricultural development. Such as using manure, compost or organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and increasing soil nutrients through returning straw to the field.

　　The era of low-carbon rural life is coming.

　　Low-carbon mode not only has great achievements in agricultural production, but also the conditions for developing low-carbon in rural areas are ripe. Zhang Quanguo said that to develop low-carbon agriculture, it is necessary to develop new energy sources in rural areas and realize the diversification of rural energy consumption structure. Such as comprehensive utilization of straw, livestock manure, solar energy and other renewable energy resources to meet the needs of rural domestic cooking energy, rural domestic electricity and domestic hot water.

　　Twenty years ago, Tengtou Village, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, which wrote environmental protection into the villagers’ convention and established the only village-level environmental resources protection committee at that time, was the forerunner of rural low-carbon. Fu Qiping, the general secretary of the village party branch, said that building a "low-carbon" ecological village was the golden key to rural development. "To develop a’ low-carbon’ economy and achieve harmony between man and the natural environment, rural areas should also shoulder the burden." Fu Qiping believes that the future "low-carbon" life is a high-quality, healthy and civilized lifestyle.

　　"A large number of solar cookers in the western rural areas will greatly reduce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning firewood (grass, wood), gas and coal." Ren Qixing, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Population, Resources and Environment Committee, said. He said that the western region of China has a long sunshine time and relatively rich solar energy resources, which is most suitable for popularizing solar cookers in large quantities. Ren Qixing suggested establishing financial support policies and giving appropriate financial subsidies to the purchase of solar cookers in rural areas. At the same time, vigorously support solar cooker manufacturers, give tax incentives, and help enterprises improve output, quality and scientific and technological content to meet the needs of promoting the use of solar cookers in rural areas.

　　Coincidently with Ren Qixing, Hao Yuan, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice governor of Gansu Province and chairman of the Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce, is also very concerned about the utilization of solar energy. He put forward the Proposal of Implementing the Solar Energy "South Wall Plan" at the two sessions. Its core idea is to use the south facade of the building facing the sun, including the heat collection wall, air collector and additional sunshine room on the south facade, to convert the collected solar radiation energy into heat energy as much as possible, and then transfer it to the room to achieve the purpose of heating and warming.

　　In order to promote a lower-carbon lifestyle in rural areas, Zhang also suggested that the development and application of biogas technology should be widely promoted, and at the same time, the agricultural and sideline residues should be fully utilized to improve the low-carbon utilization of straw. He said that China’s annual crop straw output is about 700 million tons, half of which can be used as energy, equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. He suggested focusing on the research and development of "trinity" complete technology and equipment for low-carbon utilization of straw. The core grain producing areas such as Henan Province are selected to carry out innovative research and demonstration application of low-carbon agricultural renewable energy and energy-saving engineering technology integration.

　　Beijing, March 1 ST "The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build an educational power, which is an arduous, historic and grand task. To build an educational power, we must first improve the quality of basic education, and we must first improve the quality of Chinese and mathematics." Recently, Wang Wenzhan, former director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and deputy chief inspector, said this at the launching ceremony of the national "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth mathematics comprehensive ability exhibition sponsored by the Central Network Film and Television Center of the Communist Youth League, undertaken by Future Network and Shui Mu Hsinchu Education, and supported by the Education Research Center of China Teacher magazine.

　　Launching Ceremony of "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" National Youth Mathematical Comprehensive Ability Exhibition.

　　Wang Wenzhan, former director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and deputy inspector general, stressed that the activities should adhere to the "three natures" and "three noes", which are not only public welfare, exhibition and interesting, but also do not exceed the standard, increase the burden on students and rank second. It is also pointed out that basic education is the foundation of the whole education, Chinese and mathematics are the foundation of the foundation, and the education for teenagers in the whole country is the most important part of the education system, while the basic education for teenagers is the foundation of all education. Our country’s achievements in mathematics are excellent in the world, and it ranks among the top in the world. This excellent momentum will continue, and it needs the joint efforts of people from all walks of life who are enthusiastic about education.

　　Wang Wenzhan, former Director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education and Deputy Chief Inspector.

　 　

　　Xin Tianhao, executive editor-in-chief of the Communist Youth League Central Network Film and Television Center and Future Network.

　　"Mathematical culture, as a spiritual and non-cognitive psychological level, is eternal, which can influence and achieve people’s life." Xin Tianhao, executive editor-in-chief of the Network Film and Television Center of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and Future Network, introduced it at the launching ceremony.

　　Lin Yuanlie, Professor of Mathematics Department of Tsinghua University

　　Lin Yuanlie, a professor of mathematics at Tsinghua University, and the leaders and guests present deeply discussed the charm of mathematics. He explained in detail two famous sayings of predecessors: "Mathematics is the key to open the door to science" and "Mathematics is the queen of science", and called on the vast number of young people in China to explore the endless treasure in mathematics.

　　Tian Yumin, Director of Education Research Center of China Teacher Magazine.

　　Tian Yumin, director of the Education Research Center of China Teachers magazine, also said that this kind of comprehensive ability exhibition has a positive role in promoting students’ learning ability and learning habits, and should be strongly supported by all sectors of society. The "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth comprehensive mathematical ability exhibition is a good start, and he is looking forward to more positive public welfare comprehensive ability exhibition activities.

　　

　　Wang Zhengpu, General Manager of Beijing Shui Mu Hsinchu Education Technology Co., Ltd.

　　"The purpose of this exhibition is to promote the mathematics culture, set off an upsurge of loving, learning and using mathematics in the whole country, and make students understand, like and enjoy mathematics more comprehensively, so as to continuously improve their mathematics literacy." Wang Zhengpu, general manager of Beijing Shui Mu Hsinchu Education Technology Co., Ltd., also said in his speech that students will appreciate the beauty of mathematics, build a spiritual communication between me and mathematics, and realize that mathematics plays an inestimable role in the development of human culture.

　　It is understood that the purpose of the "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" National Youth Mathematical Comprehensive Ability Exhibition is to promote mathematical culture, stimulate the interest of primary and secondary school students in learning mathematics, explore more outstanding mathematics talents, develop their intelligence, popularize mathematical science, help the majority of young people discover their own mathematical talents, and enable students to fully understand, like and enjoy mathematics, and constantly improve their mathematical literacy. The proposition of this activity is universal and interesting, and all the topics seem simple, but students need to think hard in the process of solving them, and there are many solutions, which are helpful for students to open up their minds and stimulate the potential of mathematical comprehensive ability. Some topics combined with real-time hot spots make mathematics, an abstruse subject, return to life, and encourage students to apply what they have learned to solve practical problems in life with mathematical thinking.

　　From now on, the "Shui Mu Hsinchu Yingchun Cup" national youth mathematics comprehensive ability demonstration activity will be carried out one after another throughout the country, and the majority of young people who love mathematics can sign up for the activity.

　　CCTV News:On the morning of October 9, local time in Sweden, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm that it would award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Wittingham and Yoshino Akira in recognition of them."developing lithium-ion batteries"The contribution of. They will share the prize of 9 million Swedish kronor (about 6.5 million yuan).

　　Lithium-ion batteries have completely changed our lives and are used in all applications, from mobile phones to laptops and electric cars. Through the work of the winners, this year’s Nobel Prize winner in chemistryIt laid the foundation for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society..

　　In the early 1970s, M. Stanley Wittingham, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was developing.The first functional lithium batteryAt that time, the great power of lithium was used to release its external electrons.

　　John B. Goodenough, winner of the 2019 chemistry prize.The potential of the lithium battery is doubled.It creates suitable conditions for more powerful and useful batteries.

　　This year’s Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, Akira Yoshino, succeeded inPure lithium was removed from the battery.Instead, it is based on lithium ions that are safer than pure lithium. This makes the battery feasible in practice.

　　John B. Goodenough isFather of lithium batteryHe made the lithium battery smaller, larger and more stable in use, thus realizing commercialization and at the same time starting the process of portable electronic equipment. At present, he is Professor department of mechanical engineering of the University of Texas at Austin, USA. At the age of 97, he is a famous solid physicist, the inventor of cathode materials of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate and Ferrous lithium phosphate, and one of the founders of lithium-ion batteries. He designs new materials by studying the relationship between chemistry, structure and solid electron/ion properties, and solves material science problems. Sony produced the world’s first commercial lithium battery after adopting Goodenough theory in 1991. Since then, mobile phones, cameras, hand-held cameras and even electric vehicles have entered the era of portable new energy.

　　M Stanley Whitingham is currently a professor of chemistry and director of the Institute of Materials and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

　　Akira Yoshino, a Japanese chemist, is currently a researcher at Asahi Kasei and a professor at meijo university. He was commended by Zi Zi. Yoshino is the inventor of modern lithium-ion batteries, and has won the highest honor in engineering, the Global Energy Award and the Charles Stark Draper Award. (CCTV reporter Hao Xiaoli)