China Unicom’s 2023 Annual Report is released! Net profit continues to increase by double digits, and network investment shows an inflection point.

On the evening of March 19th, the 2023 performance report was disclosed.

In 2023, the operating income reached 372.6 billion yuan, up 5.0% year-on-year, and the net profit returned to the mother reached 8.2 billion yuan, up 12% year-on-year, achieving double-digit increase for seven consecutive years; The return on net assets reached 5.1%, achieving a good level in recent years; The capital expenditure is 73.9 billion yuan, and the network investment shows an inflection point.

Over the past year, we have focused on the coordinated development of the two main businesses, successfully achieved effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, and laid a solid foundation for long-term development. Behind this is always solidly promoting the deepening of the strategic system, focusing on both scale growth and value enhancement.

Responsible for the main business, fruitful business performance has reached a new high.  

In recent years, with the promotion of national policies,Data application promotion, etc., the number of Internet users continues to expand.,It has promoted emerging forms such as artificial intelligence and big data to continuously empower the development of traditional industries.,The continuous emergence of industrial digital integration application results has promoted the continuous release of data traffic market demand. As a leading enterprise in the field of communication, it has ushered in broad development opportunities.

Under the wave of digital economy development,Actively embrace the strategic opportunities brought by the same frequency resonance between Chinese modernization and the new generation of digital revolution.In 2023, innovation and transformation will continue to deepen. The business of computing network and intelligence realized a revenue of 75.2 billion yuan, which brought more than half of the new income to the company.

Among them, "Unicom Cloud" business continued to grow steadily, achieving a revenue of 51 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41.6%. The sales of cloud resources exceeded one million cores, a year-on-year increase of 186%, and the coverage of cloud resources has exceeded 230 cities. In 2023, innovations were made in technological innovation and ecological co-construction, the level of independent research and development was further improved, and the dual-engine bases of "virtualization" and "cloud native" were continuously optimized. More than 3,300 sets of self-developed operating system CULinux2.2 were deployed.

With the empowerment of 5G technology, the large-scale development of digital intelligence applications has also achieved remarkable results. There are 30,000 application projects in the 5G industry, covering 71 categories of the national economy, serving over 8,500 customers of 5G private networks, and forming a leading edge in key industries such as industrial Internet, digital government and car networking.

In the 2024 work conference, it was pointed out that it is necessary to solidly promote high-level security. In the past year, we focused on key directions such as network security, data security and information security, and strengthened the strategic business layout of big security. Not only did it build the first digital security operation center for super-large cities in China for customers, but it also landed more than 50 benchmark projects, and actively promoted open cooperation in security ecology, supporting the growth of network security income by 120% year-on-year.

Today, the industry share of data services has exceeded 50% for five consecutive years, leading the industry. With the rapid development of the network intelligence service, the network communication service has also made steady progress.

In 2023, the revenue of networked communication business was 244.6 billion yuan, and the scale of connection was further expanded, with more than 1 billion networked communication users, an increase of about 140 million compared with the end of 2022. Among them, the number of mobile users reached 333 million. In 2023, the net increase of users increased by 90% year-on-year, and the penetration rate of 5G package users also increased by 12 percentage points to 78% compared with last year. The "basic disk" was further consolidated.

Scientific and technological innovation speeds up and the dividend level reaches a record high.

This year’s government work report not only clearly puts forward "vigorously developing the digital economy", but also puts forward clear requirements for "accelerating the development of new quality productive forces" and "promoting industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation". As one of the three major operators, it is timely and timely to develop new quality productivity.

It is said that the field of artificial intelligence has become an important strategic direction. The company is accelerating the layout of emerging industries of artificial intelligence, combining its advantages in computing network infrastructure, rich business scenarios and extensive customer contacts, and making efforts to create a large model development and application paradigm with Unicom characteristics. At the Mobile World Congress, the "Yuanjing" large model system was launched, and multi-parameter versions were arranged according to different functional requirements to promote the large model to better empower the real economy application scenarios. Relevant achievements were selected as "Wu Wenjun Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology Award", and the innovation ability was further enhanced.

At the same time, it is emphasized that the overall layout of satellite communication will be further accelerated in the later period, and the industrialization and systematic development of integrated communication between heaven and earth will be actively promoted.

In 2023, we will actively promote key core technology research, focus on promoting industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, and continuously enhance core competitiveness. During the year, 2,287 patents were granted, up 37% year-on-year, and attention was paid to the construction of scientific and technological innovation talents, whose proportion reached 40%. Standing at a new starting point, scientific and technological innovation has been further intensified, and it has actively become a national strategic scientific and technological force and a "vanguard" for developing new quality productive forces.

With the arrival of the computing power era, the long-term prospects of the company are further optimistic by investors. It also actively gives back to the trust and support of investors. The annual report shows that in 2023, the final dividend per share will be 0.0524 yuan (including tax), together with the already distributed interim dividend of 0.0796 yuan per share, and the total annual dividend per share will be 0.132 yuan, up 21.1% year-on-year, significantly higher than the growth of basic earnings per share of 11.5%, and the cash dividend level will reach a record high.

Talking about the key work in 2024, Chairman Chen Zhongyue said that he would persist in striving for progress while maintaining stability, and thoroughly implement the five strategies of strengthening enterprises through science and technology, talents, reform, digital intelligence and brand, and thoroughly implement the nine key action plans of networking communication development, computer network integration development, digital intelligence application development, internationalization development, big data innovation, artificial intelligence innovation, new digital infrastructure, high-quality service and network information security, and accelerate to become. We are confident that we will continue to maintain steady growth in operating income and double-digit growth in total profits.

BYD Ocean Network 2024 Beijing Auto Show lineup exposure: 3 new cars debut and then throw "Wang Fried"

  On April 25th, 2024, the 18th auto china will officially open in Shunyi Pavilion of China International Exhibition Center. At that time, BYD will land at booth W106 in Hall W1, in which the lineup of Ocean Network will be exposed, and a number of brand-new models, such as Seal 06DM-i, Sea Lion 07EV and concept car OCEAN-M, will be unveiled hand in hand.

  The new medium-sized car, Seal 06DM-i will be equipped with the latest technology.

  Seal 06DM-i is a brand-new medium-sized car under BYD Ocean Network, which is positioned between destroyer 05 and seal DM-i.. It is reported that Seal 06DM-i will be equipped with BYD’s latest technology, and the chassis quality and safety control will be greatly improved. The sword refers to the joint venture fuel medium-sized car market.

  Seal 06DM-i continues the marine aesthetic design, with a body size of 4830*1875*1495mm and a wheelbase of 2790mm, reaching the level of mainstream medium-sized cars; In terms of power, Seal 06DM-i will adopt a 1.5L engine and provide 120kW and 160kW motors.

  Ocean Net’s first medium-sized pure electric SUV, Sea Lion 07EV is equipped with "Eye of God" high-order intelligent driving.

  BYD Haishi 07EV is positioned as a "medium-sized urban smart electric SUV", which is based on BYD’s latest pure electric platform technology. It is the first medium-sized pure electric SUV of Ocean Net and the first model of Ocean Net’s brand-new Haishi IP. Sea lion 07EV combines the latest pure electric platform technology and forward-looking aesthetic thought, and integrates face value, safety, comfort, intelligence, performance and efficiency. At the same time, based on the advanced electronic and electrical architecture, Sea Lion 07EV adopts the advanced version of intelligent cockpit -DiLink 100 and the advanced intelligent driving assistance system of Eye of God -DiPilot 100, which brings users a full-scale intelligent travel experience.

  BYD Sea Lion 07EV will further expand the product matrix of Ocean Net, strengthen the layout of Ocean Net in the field of high-value products, and meet the yearning and pursuit of more young consumers for high-quality driving life.

  The industry’s first hatchback rear-drive pure electric steel gun, the world’s first show of OCEAN-M concept car.

  The brand-new concept car OCEAN-M will also make its world debut. As the first rear-drive pure electric steel gun model in the industry, it has a brand-new advanced aesthetic design and is equipped with a brand-new pure electric platform. It is another masterpiece of BYD Ocean, which focuses on the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles, and deserves continuous attention.

  Summary:

  BYD Ocean Network brought a number of brand-new models to the Beijing Auto Show. Seal 06DM-i and Sea Lion 07EV will form a brand-new "Gemini", which will empower new experiences with the latest technology and become the most anticipated new energy vehicle at this Beijing Auto Show. OCEAN-M concept car will show the future charm of Ocean Network with the posture of seeing the future now. On April 25th, auto china BYD booth, let’s pay attention together!

A number of price comparison stars are more and more popular, and talk about the test drive experience.

Today, I took the time to go to the 4S shop and test drive the two-wheel drive version. To tell the truth, after reading so many photos online, it’s better to actually experience the real car.

The appearance of this car is very charming, the front face is full, the silver logo is added, and there are quite a few decorative strips on the wheel hub cover, which is a high-end feeling as a whole.

The interior workmanship can be felt very fine. In addition to the leather bag near the door and the central control, the roof is also wrapped with suede material, which is very comfortable to the touch. The triple screen and head-up display are also very easy to use. Let’s sum up the space in one sentence. People and things are enough.

At present, I have visited several 4S stores, and the prices are different. If you buy a car, I suggest shopping around more. At present, the price is calculated. The most expensive loan is 16w, and the cheapest loan is 14.9w I am going to grind it again and book one at the full price. # China Star Let the World See Dongfang Yao # Geely Automobile #L # Xingyue L Dongfang Yao # Good Car Recommendation # Test Drive

Taiyuan starway chasing the wind has greatly reduced the price! The discount is 0.7 million, so act quickly.

In the [Easy Car Taiyuan Local Car Market Promotion Channel], we sorted out the ongoing
Preferential activities. As a car model that has attracted much attention, the current discount rate of Star Road Chasing Wind is still very amazing. The highest discount rate can even reach 0.70 million, and the lowest starting price is only 102,900. You can win a larger discount rate by clicking the "Inquiry" button in the quotation form. If you are looking for a practical and affordable model, you may wish to learn about the preferential situation of chasing the wind by the stars.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Starway Chasing Wind. The design style of Starway Chasing Wind’s front face has taken a sharp line, and it looks very tough with multi-frame air intake grille. At the same time, the headlight presents a beautiful design style, and the visual effect looks quite clean and refreshing. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, headlight height adjustment, delay closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4538MM*1848MM*1699MM, the car uses rounded lines, the car side gives a very capable feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, eye-catching shape. In the rear part, the tail line of Starway Chasing the Wind is young, the taillights are very concise, and the exhaust pipe uses the design of bilateral double outlet, so the overall shape is still very attractive.

When I came into the car, the interior styling looked very cool and the overall design was very individual. The steering wheel of the car is very soft in shape, made of leather, and has a good grip. Take a look at the central control. The car is decorated with a lovely touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and very consistent with the temperament of the car. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the design is sharp. The car uses a leather-like seat, the seat is wrapped in place, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Starway Chasing Wind matches CVT gearbox, with an acceleration time of 9.7s per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

Starway Chasing the Wind is an excellent model, and its dynamic performance is impressive. During the test drive, the acceleration response of the vehicle is rapid, especially when driving at high speed, it can still maintain strong power output. At the same time, the energy consumption performance of this car is also very satisfactory, which not only saves fuel expenses, but also contributes to environmental protection. In addition, the overall space performance is excellent, and both front and rear passengers can get a spacious and comfortable ride experience. Generally speaking, the Star Road Chasing Wind is a very cost-effective model, which is worth recommending to buy.

Summary of more than 20 new cars listed on the first day of Guangzhou Auto Show

 2011 model:229,800 ~ 369,800 yuan


  At the Guangzhou Auto Show,The 2011 Subaru Forester was officially launched. The new cars listed this time involve 11 models with 2.0-liter naturally aspirated and 2.5-liter powertrain, and the price range is22.98-36.98 million yuan.The engine of the 2011 Forester has been slightly modified, and the fuel economy has been improved.


Home of the car


Home of the car


Home of the car


  In terms of power, the 2011 Subaru Forester 2.5T model,It is equipped with Subaru’s brand-new turbocharged 2.5-liter DOHC horizontally opposed four-cylinder engine, with a maximum power of 230 HP and a maximum torque of 330 N m. Although there is not much improvement in power, the fuel economy of the new engine has been improved by 10%, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers in official cities/high-speed conditions has reached 11.2/8.7 liters respectively.


  Listing articles:


  229,800 yuan has been listed at the 2011 Forester Guangzhou Auto Show.
  //www.autohome.com.cn/news/201012/161287.html


◆ New/Great Scenery:21.28 ~ 238,800 yuan


  Renault’s third-generation scenery and grand scenery have been officially listed at the Guangzhou Auto Show. The listing involves a total of three models, and the price range is21.28-23.88 millionYuan. The new landscape series mainly focuses on improving the functionality of the car, while the appearance continues to adhere to the design style of the series.


Home of the car


Home of the car


  In terms of power, Renault New Scenery/Grand Scenery is equipped with the old 2.0L inline four-cylinder engine, but it has been adjusted, with an increase of 4 horsepower, reaching 140 horsepower, and the transmission has also been upgraded from the original 4-speed automatic manual transmission to the transmission. Like the old models, the new scenery has a lot of storage space. In addition to the storage compartments everywhere in the cabin, the foldable seats also provide a larger place for storing more items.



  Listing articles:


  Sell 212,800-238,800 yuan for new scenery/big scenery listing.
  http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/101220/161662.html

Russia opposes pulling banners in front of Park Palace and demands Putin to step down (Photos)




  International Online Special: According to the Russian News Network, members of the Russian opposition "Unity Movement" held a massive anti-government demonstration in front of the Kremlin on April 28. During this period, three activists of the "Unity Movement" hung a huge red banner on the bank of the river near the Kremlin, which read: "medvedev, resigned as Prime Minister Putin." Red balloons are tied on both sides of the banner, and the logo of "Unity Movement" is printed on the lower part of the banner.


  The members of the "Unity Movement" were so sophisticated that the demonstrations were organized in an orderly manner that the police in Moscow did not get the news of the demonstrations in advance and failed to effectively stop their behavior. On the same day, the leaders of the Solidarity Movement also held a meeting with supporters of the Solidarity Movement at the Izmailovo Hotel. At the meeting, the leaders of the "Unity Movement" summarized the work in the past two months, introduced the situation of Boris nemtsov’s team running for the mayor of Sochi, and predicted the organizational activities during the "5 9" Victory Day.


  In recent weeks, members of the opposition "Unity Movement" have held many social activities. On April 12th, members of the "Unity Movement" and other members of the opposition held a rally against compulsory military service. On April 8, when the former president of Yukos Khodorkovsky and lebedev were tried by the Nicesco court in Khamov, some members of the opposition party were arrested for distributing leaflets in front of the court, including several members of the "Unity Movement".


  According to Russian media reports, the Solidarity Movement was founded on December 13th, 2008. On December 21st, 2008, they held their first demonstration against Putin. (Hai Lan)

Editor: Liu Yuan

Re-transmitting Xiaomi’s landing in Hong Kong stocks and issuing CDR business maps in the Mainland is almost equal to BAT.

  China Fund News reporter Zhao Ting

  The listing of Xiaomi is expected by the market as the largest listing case in the world this year. According to the latest report of Hong Kong media, Xiaomi may submit an application for listing in Hong Kong as early as May, and then issue CDR in A-shares to realize dual-share circulation.

  Starting from Xiaomi’s mobile phone, Lei Jun built a "unicorn" in eight years, taking stock of its commercial map, from air conditioning and sweeping the floor., water purifiers, rice cookers, towels, toothbrushes, offline retail stores, its wide penetration range can be described as comparable to BAT.

  With Xiaomi’s landing in the capital market, whether Lei Jun’s worth exceeds that of Ma Huateng and who won the 1 billion bet with Dong Mingzhu will probably be able to contract the people who eat melons for the second half of the year.

  Re-transmission of Xiaomi Hong Kong stocks listed on the mainland to issue CDRs.

  Since last year, Xiaomi’s listing process has been frequently concerned by the market. There are many speculations about when and where to go public, but there is no official response.

  Today, another Hong Kong media reported that Xiaomi is ready to submit an application for listing in Hong Kong in early May at the earliest, and then issue CDR in A-share (China depositary receipt) to realize dual-share circulation. According to reports, Xiaomi is expected to become a listed company with different rights in the same share.

  Let’s first look at what is a listed company with different rights in the same share.

  In a company with the same share but different rights, also known as dual ownership structure and AB share structure, the management tries to control the whole company with a small amount of capital and divide the company’s shares into high and low voting rights.

  In 2014, it was precisely because of the restriction of the same shares and rights of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that Alibaba finally missed the Hong Kong market and turned to the US for listing. In order to attract new economic companies, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange revised the Listing Rules. According to the current disclosure process, the second round of consultation summary is expected to be published in late April. After that, the revised Listing Rules came into effect and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange began to accept officially submitted listing applications.

  Let’s see how to issue CDRs in A shares. At present, the list of the first batch of CDR companies has been released, and eight companies, including BAT, Ctrip, Sina Weibo and Netease, have begun to contact the domestic A-share market. However, at present, there are still technical problems in CDR that have not been solved, and the landing rules have not yet been issued. In the eyes of the industry, the dual-share circulation of Xiaomi may not be realized so soon.

  Commercial map of "Mijia"

  Maybe some people still have questions. Isn’t Xiaomi a mobile phone company? Can you also send CDR to A shares as a "unicorn"?

  Fund Jun will take care of Xiaomi’s business map and look at Xiaomi’s family background.

  At first glance, I was shocked. In addition to mobile phones, the layout of Xiaomi has penetrated into almost every field of life, such as air conditioners, water purifiers, sweeping robots, rice cookers, balance cars, and even towels and toothbrushes …

  Fund Jun will take a look at the commercial map of "Mijia".

  1. Mobile phone sales ranked fourth in China.

  In July 2011, Xiaomi announced its entry into the mobile phone market. In August 2011, Xiaomi’s mobile phone was officially released. At present, smartphones are still the main business of Xiaomi. According to the sales data in 2017, Xiaomi’s mobile phone shipments reached 55.1 million units, accounting for 12.4% of the domestic mobile phone market, ranking fourth. From the perspective of global shipments, it has exceeded 90 million units, ranking fifth in the world.

  2017 is actually the year of counterattack of Xiaomi mobile phone. The data shows that in 2015, Xiaomi once won the domestic market sales champion. In 2016, Xiaomi’s sales slipped by 36% year-on-year, and only 41.5 million mobile phones were sold.

  It is estimated that many people still remember the "Are youok" divine comedy brainwashed by Lei Jun, which came from the English speech given by Lei Jun at the press conference in India in 2017. Divine Comedy is not sung in vain. At present, India is already the largest overseas market for Xiaomi. In 2017, Xiaomi occupied more than 20% of the Indian smartphone market, ranking second.

  2. More than 90 enterprises under the Xiaomi ecological chain

  According to the analysis of investors, Xiaomi’s most valuable business at present lies in its all-round ecological chain layout, covering a wide range comparable to Tencent and Ali.

  On March 29th, 2016, Xiaomi strategically upgraded the ecological chain, and launched a brand-new brand-MIJIA, named "Mijia" in Chinese, which is dedicated to carrying Xiaomi’s own products and ecological chain products.

  First intuitively feel the products on the Xiaomi ecological chain:

  Fund Jun integratedAfter the research report made incomplete statistics, Xiaomi Eco-chain has 90 hardware startups, of which about 30 have released products.

  Do you feel how you have everything after reading it? The seemingly messy layout is actually the product ecological expansion along the three layers of "mobile phone periphery-intelligent hardware-lifestyle". The concept of "Xiaomi = high price" is implanted into consumers’ minds and continuously strengthened, so that the eco-chain product company that Xiaomi invested and incubated can grow rapidly with the help of Xiaomi platform.

  3. Offline store-Xiaomi Home

  New retail is also an important business segment of Xiaomi. These include Xiaomi’s home and quality life.

  As of January 2018, there were 300 millet homes nationwide, involving products of Xiaomi, such as mobile phones, smart homes, smart wear, digital accessories and daily necessities, and the average annual sales per square meter reached 280,000-290,000 yuan. Compared with Apple stores, its floor effect is 400,000 yuan.

  It is said that Xiaomi Home aims to open 1,000 stores in three years, and may eventually open 1,000-2,000 stores nationwide, with sales expected to exceed 10 billion US dollars.

  In addition to Xiaomi Home, it is reported that Xiaomi’s boutique e-commerce platform will soon open a physical store in Shanghai. The quality store is named "Quality Life", which will be the second physical store format of Xiaomi after "Xiaomi Home". The predecessor of Youpin is Mijia Youpin, which is the second Xiaomi e-commerce platform outside Xiaomi Mall, focusing on the concept of selected e-commerce, and the target is Netease YEATION, a subsidiary of Netease.

  4. It breeds four unicorns.

  Xiaomi is not only a unicorn, but also has four unicorn enterprises in its eco-chain enterprises. They are Zhimi Technology, Nainbo and Zimi Technology with a valuation of more than 1 billion US dollars, and Huami Technology, which was listed in the United States on February 8, 2018. In addition, the parent company of Qingmi Technology, Power Future, was also listed on the New Third Board in August 2016.

  Xiaomi’s valuation becomes a mystery

  Looking at the commercial map, do you feel that Xiaomi is really a big family business? What is the valuation of Xiaomi? There is a big gap in the current guess data, ranging from $68 billion to $200 billion.

  What was widely circulated before was the Xiaomi Pre-IPO financing promotion materials that were exposed in March this year. This material shows that. Xiaomi’s current valuation is 68 billion US dollars. If it goes public in the fourth quarter of 2018, its market value will be in the range of 85.4-135.1 billion US dollars.

  For the above financing materials, Xiaomi said that it would not comment.

  According to the latest Hong Kong media reports, there has been a lot of stock selling activities of Xiaomi’s shareholders before listing in recent months, and the selling price shows that the company’s valuation ranges from 65 billion to 70 billion US dollars.

  In addition, there are reports that some investment bankers said that the valuation of $100 billion would not be crazy data. It is also reported that Lei Jun set a target of $200 billion for Xiaomi and was recognized by investment banks.

  If it is really a market value of $200 billion, how do you understand it?

  On the afternoon of April 16th, the data showed that the total market value of JD.COM was $56.8 billion, and that of Alibaba was $435.2 billion. Simply calculate, it is equivalent to half Ali, 3.5 JD.COM and 2/5 Tencent.

  In any case, market participants generally believe that Xiaomi will become the largest listing case in the world this year.

  Whether Lei Jun became the richest man in China this year with Xiaomi’s listing has also been talked about by the outside world. On February 28, 2018, Hurun released the global rich list, and Lei Jun ranked 80 th, worth 100 billion. China’s highest ranking in the list is Ma Huateng, 15th, worth 295 billion.

  The bet with Miss Dong is about to be cashed.

  If Xiaomi goes public this year, a gambling game that people who eat melons have been watching for five years is about to arrive at the lottery time.

  Let’s review what this gambling game is about. In December 2013, at the CCTV "China Economic Person of the Year" award ceremony, Lei Jun, the winner of the annual person award, said that if Xiaomi’s operating income beats Gree within five years, he hoped that Dong Mingzhu would lose himself 1 yuan. Dong Mingzhu responded strongly at the scene: "Don’t mention 1 yuan, if you want to gamble, you will gamble 1 billion yuan."

  Xiaomi in 2013 is estimated to be still losing money.

  At this year’s two sessions, Dong Mingzhu was once again asked about the gambling contract. Her reply was that Xiaomi was not a listed company, and the data could not be confirmed. After listing, sales could be seen. When interviewed by Shanghai Stock Exchange, Dong Mingzhu replied indifferently, "I’m sure to win".

  In 2018, five years have arrived, Xiaomi may really go public, and the gambling will be announced soon.

  Previously, Xiaomi’s revenue did not have a clear data source. In November 2017, Lei Jun publicly stated that he had completed the sales target of 100 billion yuan. Gree’s annual report will not be published until the end of April. From the first three quarters of last year, Gree’s total revenue has exceeded 112 billion yuan.

  So, it’s really a suspense who wins or loses.

 

People’s "Surprised" Panda article gets a car purchase strategy.

The cost of panda’s later car use is a concern of its potential consumers. The strength of the car still needs to be understood before we know, so let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the panda first. The whole front face of the panda looks more capable and unforgettable. Coupled with the stylish headlights, it is very streamlined. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, delayed shutdown and so on. Coming to the car side, the car body size is 3135MM*1565MM*1655MM, the car adopts angular lines, and the car side presents a dignified design style, with large-sized thick-walled tires, and smooth lines run through the whole car side. In the design of the rear end, the rear end looks fashionable and simple, and the taillights look very sharp and streamlined.

When I came to the panda car, the panda interior design was more sporty, which reflected the sense of design. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of plastic, and its practicality and face value are not bad. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks simple and fashionable. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. It’s full of technology. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick and very comfortable to ride.

Panda is equipped with a motor with a total power of 30KW and a total torque of 110N.m It has good acceleration, excellent cruising range and good power performance.

The space performance of the panda trunk is not bad. After putting down the rear seats, it can further expand the space, and its carrying capacity is great enough to meet daily household needs. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), LED daytime running lights, braking force distribution (EBD), main driving airbag and other safety configurations.

OK! Next, let’s sum up. The car introduced today is remarkable in terms of space, configuration and power, and home travel is also a good helper.

One car dropped by 100,000, and SAIC Audi was in a hurry.

Originality makes business more valuable.

Audi A7 has always been the title of "the most beautiful Audi" and "the most beautiful coupe" in the world, but the domestic version of A7L has been controversial since its birth. As the mainstay of SAIC Audi’s sales, the big price reduction in recent months has finally helped the company recover its dignity.

Author | Huang Shuo

Editor | Tian Yanlin

Operation | Liu Shan

Watching Mercedes-Benz E-Class and BMW 5 Series lower their prices, Audi’s high-end cars can’t sit still.

"480,000 Audi A7L, no aura! The 380,000 Audi A7L is impeccable! " In November, 2023, Feng Li from Guangdong bought a Darth Vader version of SAIC Audi A7L 45TFSI quattro S-Line with an official guide price of 478,700 yuan at a landing price of less than 430,000 yuan.

The price of bare car was reduced by 100,000 yuan, including the purchase tax and insurance, and the landing price of the full amount was around 420,000 yuan. As a car enthusiast, Feng Li told the "city circle" that he wouldn’t have paid attention to this car at all if the price had not been cut so hard.

Although Audi A7L has always been the title of "the most beautiful Audi" and "the most beautiful coupe" in the world, and the imported goods are not cheap, it is a dream car for many people, but Audi A7L, as a domestic version of Audi A7, has been controversial.

As long as the price is in place, disputes are trivial.

Unlike Audi A6L, A4L, A3/A3L, Q5L/Q5LSportback and Q3/Q3 Sportback, which are very dazzling star models in China market, Audi A7L does not belong to the camp of FAW Audi (established in 1991), but is the first model launched by SAIC Audi (established in 2021).

At present, SAIC Audi only sells three models of Audi A7L, Q6 and Q5 e-tron. Among them, Q6 and Q5 e-tron are both "special offerings" in China market, and only A7L is a global model made in China, but there are always doubts about styling changes and production support.

The manufacturer of Audi A7L is SAIC Volkswagen, which cancelled the slip-back shape and tail wing when it was localized. Some insiders have analyzed that the original Audi A7 is a niche model, with many people like it and few people buy it. Therefore, when carrying out localization transformation, SAIC Audi designed A7L into a sedan version of the executive car to expand the audience, but it also directly made this car lose its "aura".

An Audi A6 allroad owner said that this is equivalent to cutting off A7′ s biggest selling point. "Originally, A7 took the sports route. Many people just bought it for its beautiful shape and personality. This really changed the soul of A7."

Lengthening the wheelbase is a routine action made in China, but the iconic sliding back shape and lifting tail are cancelled, and it is forcibly changed into a sedan that caters to the market demand of China. This change has made many people say that it is unacceptable, and imported Audi owners are especially "contemptuous".

In addition, some car enthusiasts think that A7L is too close to the calmness of the domestic A6L in the adjustment of daily driving feeling, which is quite different from the original A7L’s brisk sports style.

Based on the above, A7L has been ridiculed by many netizens as "Audi A6.5L", "Audi A6L" and "Audi A6L Plus".

In January 2022, Audi A7L went public for the first time, and the market response was very cold. In 2022, the annual sales volume was only 3,801 vehicles, with an average monthly sales of 316 vehicles. On September 1, 2023, the 2024 Audi A7L was officially launched, with a small change, and the configuration and price were fine-tuned. The price range was 418,700 ~ 699,700 yuan.

According to Sina Auto data, from August to November 2023, the monthly sales of Audi A7L were 1,037, 1,437, 1,645 and 1,806 respectively. In the same period, the average monthly sales of BMW 5 Series and Mercedes-Benz E Class of the same level exceeded 10,000.

Soon by the end of 2023, major car companies started a price war, showing their reserve prices one after another. At the beginning of the year and in the middle of the year, it almost became the norm for all brands to encounter "backstab", and even the owners of Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi were not spared. Some imported models with high prices have also experienced large price fluctuations.

It seems that whoever doesn’t reduce the price will be eliminated by the market. Although SAIC Audi has set itself an annual sales target of 50,000 vehicles, it is not high, but it is also very urgent with only three cards in hand.

Recently, the "City Circle" visited a number of SAIC Audi stores in Beijing. Sales staff said that since October 2023, A7L has increased its price reduction efforts, and all models started with a discount of 100,000 yuan, an increase of about 40,000 yuan compared with the middle of the year.

For high-end cars with a price of nearly 400,000 yuan, this new discount seems to be few, but because many consumers are used to comparing it with A6L owned by FAW Audi, it suddenly highlights the cost performance of A7L.

"Many customers refer to A6L. In October, A7L’s entry model, 45TFSI S-Line Dreaming Crystal Edition, had a preferential landing price of about 360,000 yuan. The A6L 45TFSI, which is also a two-wheel drive and 2.0T high-power engine, was selected as elegant. The landing price in the same period was basically 370,000 ~ 380,000 yuan, and the overall configuration was slightly lower than that of A7L. " Sales theory.

However, due to too little attention paid to Audi A7L before, the news of price reduction has lagged behind. From October to November, 2023, the monthly sales volume only increased slightly, and it broke out in December. It is reported that when the price reduction is the largest in December, it can be cheaper by 120,000 ~ 130,000 yuan to buy A7L through loans.

SAIC Audi officially announced that A7L sold 6,281 vehicles in December 2023. According to the data of Easy Car App, the total sales volume of the car in these four weeks has reached 4,801 from January 1 to 28, 2024.

It seems that as long as the price is in place, no matter how controversial the car is, it can’t escape the law of true fragrance.

An interesting episode is that "City Boundary" found on platforms such as Knowing Car Emperor and Xiaohongshu that due to the low popularity of SAIC Audi and the few offline stores, many intentional consumers mistakenly entered FAW Audi’s online live broadcast room and offline 4S shop to consult the price of A7L.

Who is buying Audi A7L?

In Feng Li’s view, compared with the original imported A7L sold in China market, the domestic A7L has a lower value, but its power specifications are very affordable.

For example, Audi’s proud quattro four-wheel drive system will only appear on the imported version of A7 with 3.0T At present, the price of bare car in the market is about 660,000 yuan. In addition to the entry-level models, the Audi A7L is equipped with a quattro four-wheel drive system, whether it is a 45TFSI model with a 2.0T engine or a 55TFSI model with a 3.0T engine.

"Personally, I think that the quattro is the real Audi, but fortunately A7L is not as stingy as the imported version." Feng Li said.

Therefore, when the news of price reduction came, many consumers who had "disdained" A7L went to see the car "honestly".

"City Boundary" found on social platforms such as Xiaohongshu that A7L owners who posted posts are generally young people, most of whom are around 30 years old, and many of them are returned students in their twenties.

Zhao Pu, the owner who bought the A7L Darth Vader version, is one of them. According to him, in the third quarter of 2023, manufacturers launched preferential activities for duty-free cars for international students across the country.

▲ (Source/February 2024, official website, the duty-free car of China Automobile Corporation)

Liu Shan, a returned student from Jiangsu, also said that the Audi A7L she bought in December 2023 was 100,000 yuan cheaper. After tax exemption and agency fees, the final landing price was in the early 390,000 yuan. Liu Shan chose the "Summer Special Edition" model with optional package, and also picked his favorite body color. "If it is a regular model, the price can be lower."

In February, 2024, a duty-free car agency increased the preferential treatment for international students, saying that after the A7L of 3.0T was offered a maximum discount of 130,000 yuan, the company would also enjoy free purchase tax, and also send a fuel card of 1,500 yuan or an equivalent shopping card.

▲ (Source/Little Red Book)

However, the 2.0T version of A7L on the market has a discounted landing price of around 400,000, and there are too many optional models at this price, such as Audi A6L, Mercedes-Benz E-Class and BMW 5 Series. Moreover, when these cars had the greatest preferential treatment in 2023, there were about 100 thousand, and tax exemption policies were also introduced. Comparatively speaking, the Audi A7L is too small, why do young people love to buy it?

Zhao Pu said that apart from the tax exemption policy, he chose A7L more because "this car is rare on the road".

Minority means uniqueness, which conforms to the aesthetic taste of young people "the more special the better, the better the personality". According to the "city boundary" observation, many car owners who choose A7L have jumped over from BMW 4 Series, Audi A5, Audi A4 Avant, Aouita 12 and other niche models.

Although the A7L’s cancellation of the slip-back shape and tail wing is full of controversy, the design of the sedan operated by German designers is not completely unrecognized. "As long as we don’t compare with the imported A7, we only compare the sedan medium and large cars of the same level on the market, and the value of A7L has few rivals." A consumer who is considering starting said.

In the eyES of some young people, mainstream models such as Audi A6L, Mercedes-Benz E-Class, BMW 5 Series and lexus es are "either too commercial or old-fashioned", and they don’t care much about the relationship between A7L and A7. Plus, there are discounts now. After comparison, they chose A7L with little struggle.

SAIC Audi needs to work harder.

About "how to please young people" is the homework of many car companies at present, and SAIC Audi has also paid a lot of tuition fees for it.

Audi A7L has launched the first version, the first version, the Darth Vader version, the White Mage version, the Wind Knight version, the Paladin version, and many other special models. SAIC Audi wants to rely on these distinctive models to achieve a balance between sales and profits through scarcity. Unfortunately, this strategy was not successful at first.

Although SAIC Audi claims that its owners are aged 25-35, the sales volume of less than 1,000 vehicles per month from January 2022 to March 2023 shows that young people who are really willing to spend tens of thousands more than A6L, BMW 5 Series and Mercedes-Benz E-Class before the big price reduction are really rare.

On the other hand, another BMW 4 Series, which takes the niche route, is similar in price to A7L, and once sold at a higher price, but people sell better than Audi A7L. In 2023, the monthly sales volume of BMW 4 Series will basically remain above 1,500 vehicles.

Young people are not "stupid people with more money". If you want to impress them, either the products are excellent enough or the prices are sincere enough, they will always be the same.

This round of price reduction, Audi A7L’s approach is wise and helpless. This helplessness began when SAIC Audi turned A7 "magic change" into A7L that was ridiculed by the group.

The birth of A7L is directly related to Audi’s strategic changes in the China market in recent ten years.

Before the establishment of SAIC Audi, Audi had only one joint venture car company in China, namely FAW Audi, which was established in 1991. For more than 30 years, FAW Audi has achieved enough success in China market.

In 2023, FAW-Volkswagen sold more than 1.91 million vehicles, of which Audi brand contributed 36.5% of the sales.

▲ (Source/Eye Check)

Watching old rivals Mercedes-Benz and BMW make money in China market, German Audi is unbalanced, trying to seize more market share and introduce more models. The simplest way it can think of is to set up another joint venture company to seek higher profits.

In 2016, SAIC and Audi signed a cooperation agreement. As expected, the cooperation was collectively opposed by FAW Audi dealers. It was not until April 2021 that SAIC Audi was formally established, and the first model A7L was released in the same year.

However, since its establishment, SAIC Audi has not had many comfortable days. Because there are too few original models that Audi can directly localize, and the main models in the product matrix have been basically taken away by FAW Audi in recent years, only a few niche and high-end cars such as A5, A7 and Q7 are left to be developed.

Audi, on the other hand, wants to maintain its brand image by importing high-end cars and performance cars, but also wants to make a domestic model that can be accepted by more China consumers, and it can’t affect the imported version, so it can only move out the old routines of "lengthening" and "sedan".

A little different from the previous localization, A7L’s "sedan" may be a helpless choice made on the basis of "lengthening".

After the original A7 is lengthened, a cross beam needs to be added to enhance the strength of the rear part. If you continue to slip the back shape, the cost will increase greatly. Manufacturers who haven’t made any money are of course more inclined to make a sedan.

In fact, apart from the modeling and slightly complicated life experience, A7L itself doesn’t have many slots. The body size, mechanical specifications and design style are basically in line with the global positioning of A7 slightly higher than A6.

Taking the American market as an example, the starting price of the standard wheelbase version of the sedan A6 is 57,300 US dollars (about 412,000 yuan), while the starting price of the A7 is 71,200 US dollars (about 512,000 yuan). The price difference between the two models is just about 100,000 RMB.

In Germany, the starting price of the standard wheelbase sedan A6 is 53,800 euros (about 418,000 yuan), and the starting price of A7 is 63,500 euros (about 493,000 yuan), and the difference is about 75,000 yuan.

Therefore, when A7L was cheaper than A6L, it did attract some consumers who paid attention to cost performance. "Whoever loves to spray it will be finished with incense." In the eyes of some car owners, "the more you spray, the cheaper I buy."

Some people say that the price reduction of A7L has brought SAIC Audi back to life, but after the price is changed, the high-end positioning of A7L may be shaken. However, in the face of the growing volume of China automobile market, SAIC-Audi is very open-minded, and sales volume is king.

(The interviewee in the article is a pseudonym)

Originally produced in the city, please do not reprint it without authorization.

E-mail for communication suggestions: gaojian@boyamedia.com

Unless otherwise specified, the pictures are all from vision china. 

Original title: "One car drops 100,000, SAIC Audi is in a hurry"

Read the original text

Nearly half of China teenagers often encounter bad information on the Internet. How to take care of it?

  In March 2017, the National Office of "Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications" and Tencent held the activity of "Children’s Cyber Security Course Entering the Campus" at Xiaobei Road Primary School in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, which was welcomed by teachers and students.

  People’s vision

  With the rapid development and comprehensive popularization of mobile Internet and smart devices, it is more convenient for teenagers to contact the Internet, and the age of contact with the Internet is showing a trend of younger age. Moderate use of the Internet can enrich life and relieve stress, but the social experience of teenagers is insufficient, and their network literacy and online habits are in the forming stage. How to help teenagers use the Internet healthily and effectively and guide them to actively adapt to the Internet age is an important and urgent topic.

  The generation of teenagers after the Millennium are truly "Internet aborigines", and they have a natural and inseparable connection with the Internet. Internet has become the most important space for entertainment, education, self-expression and communication and interaction of this generation. At the same time, however, the rapidly developing and mixed cyberspace makes this generation of teenagers more vulnerable to physical and mental shocks and even injuries. The protection of teenagers online has become the most concerned social issue for governments, international organizations and every family.

  At present, one third of the global Internet users are minors. In Britain, Canada, Czech Republic and Israel, 12-mdash; The proportion of 14-year-old children using the Internet exceeds 95%, and the proportion of children using the Internet in EU countries is mostly higher than 65%. In China, the number of netizens under the age of 19 reached 171 million, and the Internet penetration rate of minors remained above 90%. At the same time, the young age trend of minors’ first "touching the net" is obvious. Relevant statistics show that Britain has 5-mdash; More than half of the 6-year-old children have access to the Internet. The average age for Korean children to get their first smart phone is 8 years old. There are about 23 million netizens under the age of 10 in China, and more than 56% of them have been exposed to the Internet before the age of 5. These "Internet aborigines" born after the Millennium almost "surf the Internet as soon as they are literate", and the Internet has profoundly influenced the way they interact with the world.

  More and more "millennials" have become "low-headed families"

  With the high popularity of home broadband and hardware equipment, minors generally choose to surf the Internet at home. According to UNICEF data, in Argentina, Serbia and South Africa, more than 90% of minors surf the Internet at home; The survey of children’s online use in Britain also found that 75% of them are 9-mdash; 19-year-olds use the Internet at home; America 2— Of the 17-year-old population, 78% can surf the Internet at home, and 13% of them surf the Internet in their own rooms. According to the annual survey data of China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) since 2007, the proportion of minors using computers to surf the Internet in Internet cafes, schools and public places has generally decreased year by year.

  The report "Investigation on Internet Use and Protection of Young Netizens in China" shows that 74.6% of young netizens in China use smart phones to surf the Internet, and 60.4% of young netizens have their own smart phones. Desktop computers rank second, and their adoption rate is about 10 percentage points lower than that of smart phones. Smart TV has become one of the main channels for teenagers to surf the Internet. Many parents also choose smart TV to accompany preschool children, but the digital gap between different regions is more obvious.

  Information and communication technology has changed the way minors contact with the world, and cyberspace has attracted them greatly, so the online time has been prolonged. A study in Denmark found that as children grow up, their use of the Internet is increasing, and similar trends have appeared in other countries. In China, in recent years, the online time of minors has generally increased. The online time of primary school students is 14.9 hours per week, and that of middle school students is 22 hours per week. The online time is also increasing with age.

  According to the report of the International Telecommunication Union, the main reasons for teenagers to surf the Internet include: making friends in the new environment, communicating in real time on common interests, creating and sharing original personal content, sharing music, playing games, establishing their own space, or trying new identities. Therefore, the Internet is always with them — — In their pockets or ears, or tightly held in their hands, embedded in their study and living space.

  A survey of five Nordic countries shows that 9-mdash; Among 16-year-old boys, 69% use the Internet to play games, 49% download music, while girls use it to send emails (58%) and do their homework online (43%). According to the latest data of CNNIC, the Internet applications with the highest penetration rate of underage netizens in China are: instant messaging tools, search engines, online music, online videos and online games. Among them, the popularity of search engines, online music and online games among minors exceeds that of netizens as a whole, and the utilization rate of online games among middle school students is even as high as 70%.

  The phenomenon of minors’ internet addiction is becoming increasingly serious.

  Compared with the rapid development of cyberspace, the education and protection system for teenagers to use the internet has shown its lag and imperfection. At present, young netizens all over the world are facing the risks of contact with bad information, bad social interaction, property loss, illegal crime, internet addiction and lack of cognition.

  According to statistics, 46% of young netizens in China will come into contact with bad information on the Internet almost every time or often, among which pornographic information is the most frequent type, followed by online fraud, online gambling, online abuse and intimidation. It is worth noting that teenagers often come into contact with bad information in a passive way, for example, when clicking on a web page, pictures and videos containing pornographic and violent information pop up, and when browsing information, they see indecent pictures inserted in them. There are not only illegal websites among the websites that spread bad information, but also many regular legal websites often attract attention with bad information in the form of "scratching the ball". At the same time, the uploaders, websites or their host service providers of such content are often not in their own countries, which further increases the difficulty of governance in various countries and regions. On the other hand, the bad information on the internet has a serious negative impact on the concept and psychology of minors, and even leads to crime.

  According to internet society of china’s Investigation Report on the Protection of Internet Users’ Rights and Interests in China, Internet users suffered economic losses of 133 yuan per capita due to spam, fraudulent information and personal information disclosure, with a total loss of about 91.5 billion yuan. In addition, teenagers are increasingly dependent on the Internet.

  In addition, the phenomenon of internet addiction is also on the rise around the world. Many studies have shown that there is a high correlation between interactive internet use behavior and internet addiction, such as chatting through instant messaging tools or playing online games, which makes users more addicted to it. Therefore, in the era of mobile internet characterized by interaction and participation, with the rapid penetration of the network into younger groups, the problem of internet addiction among minors is becoming increasingly serious.

  The academic circles believe that teenagers should spend no more than 1.5 hours a day and no more than 10 hours a week on the Internet, while teenagers generally spend too much time online: 30% of minors in South Korea spend more than 2 hours a day on the Internet, while primary school students in China spend 1.5 times as much time online as this standard, and middle school students even spend twice as much time online. The data also shows that China’s 6-mdash; 47.9% of 11-year-old young netizens usually spend more time online than expected, 12-mdash; Among the 18-year-old young netizens, 60.8% want to surf the Internet when they have free time, which generally shows strong network dependence. Immersion in the online world often brings instant pleasure experience to minors, but their anxiety and fear also increase with the increase of online time, so they are often in a state of frustration and impatience. At the same time, excessive internet access may also strengthen personal loneliness and cause social retreat.

  Family factors are the key factors that affect minors’ internet addiction. However, many parents and guardians regard mobile phones and computers as "electronic nannies" and neglect the care and education of their children. Teenagers who don’t feel the warmth of their families are more likely to seek spiritual sustenance in the online world, further causing a vicious circle.

  Strengthen the cultivation of skills and literacy in using digital tools.

  How to protect minors’ online safety? At present, there is no quick answer, which requires all sectors of society to take countermeasures and persevere.

  First of all, governments should promote the construction and improvement of relevant legal systems in terms of content, channels, platforms and operations as soon as possible according to the characteristics and development laws of information and communication technologies. Relevant laws and regulations should clearly define the responsible subject for protecting minors’ online safety, clearly define the scope of application and punishment measures, and provide reliable protection for minors’ online activities.

  Among them, the Internet regulatory authorities should constantly upgrade and update technical supervision means, and guide relevant websites to be equipped with age verification systems or identity verification mechanisms, and at the same time establish a rapid reporting and handling mechanism to promptly punish illegal and illegal behaviors that endanger minors’ online safety. Internet companies and related industries should conduct self-examination and self-examination, eliminate pornography, violence, vulgarity, gambling, fraud and other bad information content, and purify the Internet environment; All kinds of websites should set a higher default privacy level for the collection, processing and storage of minors’ personal data to protect minors’ information from illegal collection and use.

  Enterprises can adopt appropriate technical measures to encrypt specific information content according to age, or add access age authentication mechanism according to relevant laws and regulations; At the same time, provide concise reporting tools, delete bad information in time, and transfer information suspected of online fraud, abduction and sexual crimes to public security and relevant law enforcement departments. Enterprises should also support the research and development of parental monitoring tools to help parents intervene in their children’s online time, or limit the consumption of certain content and services by minors, or control the objects they talk to online.

  In the new scientific and technological environment, mastering the skills of using digital tools and having information and media literacy will become the basic survival skills of citizens. Therefore, teaching students how to use the Internet reasonably, legally and moderately is a task that the education sector must shoulder at present. Teachers should update their knowledge system as soon as possible, teach basic knowledge of network security and self-protection in relevant classes, and encourage students to actively seek help from teachers and schools when encountering difficulties, so as to become a trusted social support force for minors. Teachers should also regularly carry out psychological counseling against cyber bullying to prevent students from participating in cyber bullying or becoming targets of bullying; Once the cyberbullying incident is discovered, the school should intervene and stop it in time, and communicate with parents. For serious cyberbullying incidents, it should report to the police in time. Primary and secondary schools should gradually offer network security courses and media literacy courses suitable for students of different ages, systematically teach the knowledge and skills of receiving, analyzing, evaluating and creating information, and gradually improve the media security literacy, media interaction literacy, media learning literacy and media cultural literacy of minors.

  Faced with the new thing of the Internet, parents can no longer rely on their own experience to guide their children as in traditional families. Instead, they should first take the initiative to learn relevant network security knowledge, be strict with themselves, reasonably arrange online time, and set an example by not browsing or spreading bad information.

  Parents should also actively guide and educate their children to surf the Internet from several aspects: in terms of time, strictly control the total length of time for children to surf the Internet, and set the account password of internet equipment or install software to limit the time for surfing the Internet; In terms of content, help children find healthy and suitable websites, such as regularly checking the websites that children usually browse, evaluating the contents of websites, or installing parental monitoring tools on the basis of full communication with children; In the aspect of social networking, children are encouraged to explore the new world by using the Internet, but they are firmly opposed to meeting netizens offline, and are informed of the serious danger of this behavior, so as to grasp the real situation of their friends in social accounts at present, and often communicate their online experience with children.

  (The authors are the Institute of Journalism and the Internet Research Center of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)

  Cartography: Shen Yiling