Shao Lirong, a college student who is nervously preparing for the exam, is somewhat "panicked" after learning that his major has pre-enrolled seven students.

　　"The chance is one point less." According to Shao Lirong’s previous inquiries, the number of students enrolled in many schools was initially drawn up with reference to the actual number of students enrolled in the previous year. The continuous increase in the number of people who were exempted from enrollment means that the number of places for unified recruitment has been further compressed and squeezed.

　　In fact, in the army of graduate students who have repeatedly set a new record, she is not the only one who is troubled by this. The competition among prestigious universities for postgraduate entrance examination is becoming increasingly fierce. With the "rising" proportion of students who are excluded from prestigious universities, some people have changed their schools, and some people have given up on reviewing. There are also many sayings in the post bars of major universities, such as "too pit", "great pressure" and "hopeless".

　　The "2019 National Postgraduate Enrollment Survey Report" published by China Education Online also pointed out that "some famous schools have exempted students, and the undergraduate graduated from ‘ Double first class ’ The relatively high proportion of students in colleges and universities means that the chances of ordinary college students entering prestigious schools through exemption are relatively low. " "Nearly 80% of candidates think that the increase in the proportion of exemption is unfair to candidates".

　　"Is our road to progress getting narrower and narrower?" Some ordinary college students are full of doubts on the battlefield of postgraduate entrance examination that has not yet started but has been filled with smoke.

　　Failure to get a good book is a foregone conclusion?

　　Li Tao (pseudonym) is a senior in a private undergraduate college in Anhui Province. As early as last December, he set himself the goal of applying for graduate students in China Communication University.

　　In this young man’s self-cognition, his family conditions are average, and he suffered from the failure of the college entrance examination. "Only the postgraduate entrance examination can not fall behind in the future urban competition."

　　In the past six months, he got up at 4: 30 every morning on time, took a seat in the study room to recite and brush the questions, and often didn’t finish his review for the day until 12 o’clock in the evening. When he was sleepy, he stood in the corner and endorsed, forcing himself to be sober; If you feel anxious and depressed, tell yourself that the process of preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination is the road of butterfly change in life.

　　During this period, Li Tao was constantly reminded that compared with the level of the school, "the goal is too high", "you should consider your own upper limit and talent" and "even if you pass the written test, there will still be ‘ Undergraduate discrimination ’ Waiting for questions. "

　　At this time, Li Tao would retort that "the upper limit is deceptive, and faith must be more important than talent".

　　On the way to prepare for the exam, Shao Lirong encountered a similar problem — — I am not confident about my first degree.

　　Shao Lirong was originally a junior college student, holding the idea of improving himself. After passing the college entrance examination last year, he set the goal of postgraduate entrance examination, and his major changed from secretarial studies in junior college and Chinese language in undergraduate course to philosophy he was interested in.

　　Such a "multi-span" postgraduate entrance examination is undoubtedly more difficult, but Shao Lirong is willing to challenge herself and has arranged a detailed review plan. However, when choosing a school in the early stage, she still dared not choose too high, "for fear of being unrealistic".

　　Shao Lirong said that he passed the CET-4 and CET-6, and his grades have always been in the forefront of his class. However, when choosing a target institution, he will still consider the number of people who are exempted from the school and the importance attached to the first degree. Even after many considerations, she found the most suitable option, but the recent information about exemption made her feel "at a loss".

　　"The goal is too high, and I am afraid that others will say that you are overreaching; If the goal is too low, it will be ridiculed. It is better not to take the test. " A Hunan examinee who is preparing for the third postgraduate entrance examination also told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that in the postgraduate entrance examination circle of some ordinary colleges and universities, before the formal registration, the institutions applying for the examination may all be "secrets that cannot be made public".

　　Is reality really so cruel? Yang Lan (a pseudonym) from a local college in Qingyang, Gansu, tells her own experience.

　　"The 2018 candidates, who applied for computer science and technology, scored 316 points in the initial test, ranking high, and there were more than 10 written tests in the second test, but because of the interview and sudden ‘ Airborne ’ The transfer students missed the opportunity to go to graduate school. " Yang Lan said that he may be the "cannon fodder" in others’ mouths. After completing the process, he can only become a "running companion" for graduates from key institutions.

　　Since the second semester of sophomore year, Yang Lan has been preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination. She gets up at 6 o’clock every day and goes to the library. Sometimes she even eats instant noodles at the gate of the library for lunch. The most difficult high number was brushed for three rounds, and other subjects were also carefully prepared. When leaving the library, the light materials were divided into two or three times before they were moved.

　　At the same time, combined with her major, she participated in the 6th National College Students’ E-commerce Challenge of "Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship" and the 2nd "China Chuangyi" Youth Entrepreneurship Innovation Competition, and won awards.

　　Yang Lan changed the target school several times according to the suggestions of teachers and classmates, from Chinese Academy of Sciences to Xi ‘an Jiaotong University and then to a key university in China. But the final result still disappointed Yang Lan, and even made her feel that "life will become a foregone conclusion if you don’t get a good one in the college entrance examination".

　　Tang Yong from the College of Materials Science and Engineering of Northwest Normal University holds different views. This year’s postgraduate entrance examination, he applied for a double-class university in his hometown.

　　Tang Yong believes that a solid review can give you a better grasp. In addition, if you are practical, have strong executive ability, are interested in your major, and can actively participate in experimental courses and practice offered by the school to exercise your hands-on ability, you will have a competitive advantage and don’t have to worry too much about the postgraduate entrance examination.

　　This confidence comes from the recognition of your own efforts. Tang Yong said that as soon as he entered the school, he found learning pleasure in the laboratory. At the same time, the school also arranged for everyone to practice in some university workshops and enterprises, so that they could have a deeper understanding of their majors and set the goal of continuing their studies.

　　"Start early and prepare for a long time." Now, Tang Yong has found his own review rhythm, reading books, doing problems and doing experiments every day according to the schedule to improve his theoretical knowledge and operational level. He told reporters that after graduate school, he hopes to switch from the capacitor materials he is studying now to the metal materials he is more interested in.

　　The success or failure of postgraduate entrance examination is not the only evaluation, and the road of diversity can be widened.

　　"More than 90% of the enrollment units believe that the quality of the students who are exempted is generally higher than that of the unified candidates; More than 60% of the enrollment units believe that the exemption policy is fair to candidates. " Another set of data given in the 2019 National Postgraduate Enrollment Survey Report is quite different from the candidates’ views.

　　"If the admission method of postgraduate entrance examination relies too much on the written test results, it will lead to the postgraduate entrance examination becoming ‘ Exam-oriented ’ As an important aspect of the reform of the postgraduate enrollment system, exemption is also a postgraduate enrollment method that is in line with international standards. It focuses on the consistent performance and comprehensive quality of students during their school years and contributes to the quality of graduate students. " Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, pointed out the problem.

　　He admits that most prestigious schools are research-oriented, and it is naturally not competitive to select innovative talents for doctors. In addition, the increase in the proportion of exemption will, to a certain extent, "crowd out" the places that have passed the national unified examination for postgraduate entrance examination, which may make it more difficult to unify postgraduate entrance examination.

　　According to the Survey Report on Postgraduate Enrollment Data in 2019, in the last year, universities such as Tsinghua, Peking University, Wuhan University and Zhejiang University broke through the half-exemption barrier. At the same time, "school level" has become an important factor in admission. Among the recommended exemption master students accepted by Peking University, Zhongshan University and South China University of Technology in 2019, 94.8%, 91% and 87.24% of undergraduates came from "double-first-class" construction universities respectively.

　　"This reflects ‘ Why do college students take the exam ’ And ‘ The goal of postgraduate training in key universities ’ There is a deviation between them. " Wang Yu (pseudonym), a senior psychology student who took part in the postgraduate entrance examination this year, made an analysis of this. He believes that the deviation is mainly due to some candidates’ misunderstanding of the postgraduate entrance examination, which strengthens the original transitional degree into an identity and equates graduate students with a successful life.

　　"Because some public opinion overemphasizes ‘ Postgraduate entrance examination ’ The psychological field exaggerates the employment situation and wraps some people in ordinary colleges and universities who don’t have to go to the postgraduate entrance examination into this environment. " Wang Yu said that the number of students has increased, but to some extent, it has reduced the quality of the unified examination candidates.

　　In addition, there are still some candidates with high scores and low abilities, including some students who are exempted from the exam, who also obtain the places for postgraduate study by surprise before the exam and target shooting, which leads to that "prestigious schools" prefer undergraduates from key universities in selecting talents. Correspondingly, the road of "prestigious schools" for ordinary college students will face more and more competition.

　　This is consistent with the observation of Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute.

　　He told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that according to the orientation of higher education, local undergraduate colleges should carry out vocational education, and cultivate vocational and technical talents and applied talents. In 2014, China also promoted 600 local undergraduate colleges to change to vocational education. However, in reality, many schools want to develop towards academic universities, forming an atmosphere that encourages students to take postgraduate entrance examinations, resulting in "employment difficulties" and "postgraduate entrance examination fever" for undergraduates.

　　"There have been teachers of science and engineering majors in colleges and universities who have reported that some freshmen have never done experiments during their college years. Some schools also carry out university teaching in full accordance with the postgraduate entrance examination subjects, turning university study into ‘ Preparatory class for postgraduate entrance examination ’ The content of the study is all around the postgraduate entrance examination, and the non-postgraduate subjects are marginalized. " Xiong Bingqi said that this led some students to study only for postgraduate entrance examination, but actually they did not receive a complete undergraduate education, and it was impossible to complete graduate education with high quality.

　　He believes that in order to break through, students in ordinary colleges and universities should break the "academic qualification theory" and plan the postgraduate entrance examination with improving their ability as the leading factor. However, under the current social orientation of academic qualifications, the structure of China’s higher education is out of touch with social needs, which leads to the deviation between running schools and teaching objectives and affects students’ future employment and long-term development.

　　"To solve the problem, we must realize that in the era of popularization of higher education, society must move from a society with academic qualifications to a society with ability. Students should stop imagining that they can become senior talents by improving their academic qualifications. It is the most important thing for society to have their own talents and competitiveness." Xiong Bingqi said.

　　Xia Jianhua, director of the Student Affairs Office of Anqing Normal University, who has been in charge of students’ career planning and employment guidance for a long time, also found that it is more difficult for ordinary college students to apply for prestigious schools in recent years. To this end, he suggested that students in ordinary colleges and universities can take the "circuitous" route to take the postgraduate entrance examination. They don’t have to focus on prestigious schools, but they can take the examination of relatively easy schools first. After taking the exam, let your vision and thinking level go to a higher level, and then make an exam or other choices.

　　"Students with very solid professional skills can try hard to get into a prestigious school. However, students with a general foundation in the early stage should set reasonable goals. ‘ Jump and pick peaches ’ 。” Xia Jianhua said.

　　A teacher from the Graduate School of Lanzhou University suggested that candidates should have a clear judgment on their academic level and future development direction, and rationally choose the schools and majors to apply for in combination with their professional background, their own advantages and academic interests. As an enrollment unit, Lanzhou University will examine candidates’ personal abilities and professional qualities from many aspects. In addition to learning ability, we should pay attention to students’ knowledge reserve, scientific research experience, communication ability, ability to solve complex problems and good moral quality.

　　"People who want to take the postgraduate entrance examination are people with healthy individual mental health and macro-social mentality, and the ultimate goal is to become people who practice a better life and core values." Mo Xingbang, executive vice president and secretary-general of Gansu Association of Psychological Counselors and doctor of psychology, suggested that in the face of the upcoming postgraduate examination, candidates should improve their self-confidence in learning, change their cognition, turn anxiety into motivation, and dominate their lives, lives and ecology without being influenced by the environment or disturbed by others.

　　China Youth Daily, Lanzhou, November 24th

　　China Youth Daily China Youth Network Trainee Reporter Harper Reporter Wang Haihan

　　Decode the central environmental protection inspector

　　The Central Environmental Protection Inspector changed the traditional environmental supervision mode in China from inspecting enterprises to supervising government. Environmental protection inspectors emphasize that "the party and government share the same responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities", which means that local party committees accept supervision together with the government, and the inspection results are an important basis for the assessment, evaluation and appointment of leading cadres.

　　China Newsweek reporter/Xu Tian

　　Environmental protection is a hot word in recent years. Among them, the central environmental protection inspector group, known as the "environmental protection imperial envoy", is undoubtedly the most concerned. "Carry out central environmental protection inspectors and seriously investigate and deal with illegal cases" was written into the 2018 Government Work Report.

　　Since the pilot project of environmental protection inspectors in Hebei Province was launched in December 2015, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group conducted inspections in another 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in four batches in July and November 2016 and April and August 2017, achieving full coverage of inspectors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country.

　　In the first round, the central environmental protection inspector filed a total of 29,000 cases to punish enterprises, with a fine of about 1.43 billion yuan; 1,518 cases were investigated and 1,527 people were detained; Interviewed 18,448 party and government leading cadres and held 18,199 accountable.

　　In the past, the Ministry of Environmental Protection also took the lead in environmental monitoring, but the monitoring object was usually enterprises, and the problems solved were partial. On July 1, 2015, the 14th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensive Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the Environmental Protection Supervision Scheme (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Supervision Scheme), and took the places with outstanding environmental problems, frequent major environmental incidents and poor implementation of environmental protection responsibilities as the preliminary inspection targets.

　　The inspection work will be carried out in the form of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group. The inspection targets are provincial and municipal party committees and governments and their relevant departments, and will sink to some municipal party committees and government departments. Environmental protection inspectors emphasize that "the party and the government share the same responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities", which means that local party committees accept supervision together with the government, and the inspection results serve as an important basis for the assessment and evaluation of the appointment and dismissal of leading cadres.

　　The commentary believes that the central environmental protection inspector has changed the traditional environmental supervision mode in China from inspecting enterprises to supervising government, which has become a major change.

　　Since the central environmental protection inspector started more than two years ago, various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have issued or revised more than 240 policies, regulations and system standards for ecological environmental protection, among which Shandong, Hainan, Sichuan and Tibet have issued documents to include environmental protection in the assessment and evaluation of cadres’ due diligence. All the 31 provinces that have conducted inspections have issued documents on the division of responsibilities for environmental protection, environmental protection supervision plans, and implementation measures for investigating the responsibility of leading cadres of the party and government for ecological environmental damage.

　　In 2018, the second round of central environmental protection inspectors will be launched soon. According to the preliminary plan, the "looking back" of the first round of inspectors will become the top priority in 2018. In addition, it will also guide local governments to establish a provincial-level environmental protection supervision system, realize the central and provincial-level supervision system and mechanism of the state supervising provinces and provinces supervising cities and counties, give play to the linkage effect of supervision, form a long-term mechanism of environmental protection supervision, and maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental protection.

　　From checking enterprises to supervising government.

　　In August 2017, the fourth batch of central environmental protection inspectors was launched, and eight central environmental protection inspectors were responsible for the inspectors stationed in Jilin, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hainan, Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang (including the Corps).

　　As in the past, before the launch, the media announced the names of the eight group leaders and deputy heads of this batch of inspectors, as well as the report phone numbers.

　　The eight team leaders are Jiao Huancheng, Wu Xinxiong, Ma Zhongping, Jia Zhibang, Zhu Zhixin, Jiang Jufeng, Yang Song and Li Jiaxiang. They all work in the National People’s Congress or Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and they are all provincial and ministerial officials. It is understood that the leader of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group generally meets the above two conditions. In addition, the officials themselves must be experienced and have a high theoretical level.

　　The deputy heads of these four batches and 31 groups are all in-service deputy ministers of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. It is understood that this is also the relevant regulations of the central environmental protection inspector.

　　Generally speaking, each central environmental protection inspector group usually has about 30 people. Except for the team leader and deputy team leader, the team members are basically from the corresponding area.

　　As a public institution of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, six inspection centers in East China, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Northeast China and North China have been established successively. The centers mainly undertake the functions of strengthening environmental protection supervision and law enforcement, responding to environmental emergencies and coordinating cross-provincial pollution disputes.

　　In 2017, the six inspection centers were renamed as inspection bureaus, and the institutions were changed into dispatched institutions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Among the institutional functions, the function of "undertaking the relevant work of the central environmental protection inspector" has been added.

　　Generally speaking, the members of different central environmental protection inspection teams are composed of the staff of the Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the area according to the area where the inspected province belongs. When manpower is insufficient, manpower will also be transferred from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other district supervision bureaus.

　　In addition, there is a general coordinator in the personnel composition. Generally speaking, the coordinator is generally served by the relevant leaders of the Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Environmental Protection under the supervision province.

　　After the inspector group is stationed, it usually carries out a one-month central environmental protection inspector. Yu Guodong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau, told China Newsweek that in 2016, during the 30-day stay in Chongqing, the Fifth Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee did not rest, including weekends.

　　The outside world believes that the central environmental protection inspector has realized the transformation from inspecting enterprises to supervising government, which is conducive to the implementation of the requirements of "party and government sharing responsibilities" and "one post and two responsibilities". The process of central environmental protection supervision is indeed closely related to supervision.

　　Liu Changgen, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Supervision Office, once summarized the steps of the central environmental protection supervision into three stages when interviewed by the media.

　　The first stage is the provincial level inspector, which takes about ten days. Inspectors at the provincial level mainly carry out individual talks with provincial leaders and the main leaders of relevant departments at the provincial level, read the information of provincial party committees and governments and relevant departments, visit relevant departments mainly responsible for environmental protection, and accept letters and visits and reports. Through these methods, we can grasp the overall situation of environmental protection work in the province, focus on outstanding problems, and lay the foundation for the next inspector.

　　During the inspection in Hebei Province, the inspector group had individual talks with 26 provincial leaders, including the secretary of the provincial party committee and the governor, some provincial leaders who recently quit their leadership positions, and also the main leaders of the provincial high-level law and high-level inspection. The inspector group designed the conversation, and each question was highly targeted.

　　The questions include: what do you think are the main outstanding environmental problems in your province, where do you think the environmental problems are the most prominent, and the responsibilities are not in place. "Some leaders of relevant departments have targeted questions, such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and some cases involving the elimination of backward production capacity may be questioned."

　　Yu Guodong, deputy director of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau, told China Newsweek that the inspector group had talked with the leaders of four teams and the top leaders of relevant departments in Chongqing to learn about the formulation of policies related to environmental protection and the implementation of their duties. "If you find a problem during the inspection, you will go back and talk to this person. In short, it is an in-depth investigation."

　　The second stage is the inspector of the sinking city. The sinking inspector is aimed at the problem clues sorted out by the inspector preparation and the provincial inspector, and sinks to some cities for investigation, evidence collection and verification. It mainly depends on whether these problems are true and where the responsibility lies. The time is also about ten days.

　　There are about a hundred clues to the problem, which are not only sorted out by provincial inspectors, but also prepared for inspectors. Most of these pre-prepared questions come from the daily understanding of the environmental problems in the provinces under the supervision of the Supervision Bureau, and some come from the clues of letters and visits received by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the past.

　　Yu Guodong introduced that the clues held by the Supervision Bureau are often independent. Even when not in the period of central environmental protection supervision, the Supervision Bureau often goes directly to the cities to investigate relevant clues without going through the provincial environmental protection departments.

　　According to Liu Changgen, before the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group was stationed, relevant personnel would make unannounced visits, find out the situation and find clues, and form a list of questions and a stationing manual.

　　In addition to these clues, during the inspection period, each inspector group set up a special duty telephone and post office box to receive letters and calls from the environmental protection department of the inspected province, and most of these problems were handed over to the environmental protection department of the province for solution.

　　Yu Guodong introduced that, generally speaking, incoming calls and reports will be handed over to the localities by the inspector group on the same day, and the local environmental protection departments will also hand them over on the same day according to the localities or departments involved in the problem and settle them within the specified time. Both the problem itself and the result of the treatment should be publicized. If the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group has finished the inspection in this province, all incoming letters and calls must be handled with feedback within one week after the end.

　　It is understood that in the process of four batches of central environmental protection inspectors that have been completed, a total of 135,000 reports have been accepted by the masses, and some repeated cases have been removed. After the merger, 104,000 pieces have been handed over to the local authorities. As of October 2017, 102,000 pieces have been settled, and the settlement rate at that time exceeded 98%. About 80,000 of them are related to garbage, oil fume, odor, noise, enterprise pollution and black and odorous water problems.

　　Pan Biling, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Department, told China Newsweek that in order to understand the deep-seated causes of these problems, the Hunan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection took the lead in organizing six groups, which were responsible for the investigation and accountability of the responsibilities of the Party Committee and government and relevant departments behind the environmental problems reflected by different people during the stationing of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group.

　　hold sb accountable

　　The third stage of the inspector is to sort out, analyze and file. Liu Changgen said that on the one hand, it is to sort out the work in the first two stages and form some basic viewpoints and reporting frameworks. At the same time, according to needs, it is also possible to collect evidence for outstanding problems in unsinkable cities and carry out targeted supplementary inspections. In addition, the documents and materials involved in the work should be filed, and those returned should be returned and those taken away.

　　Generally speaking, the Central Environmental Protection Inspector Group will give feedback to the inspected provinces in a few months. The central environmental protection inspectors in Guangdong Province and Chongqing City were conducted from November to December 2016, and the feedback was received in April of the following year. The central environmental protection inspector in Hunan Province was conducted from April to May 2017, and the feedback was received in July of that year.

　　Liu Changgen mentioned that the inspector’s report focuses on sorting out problems and investigating cases of responsibility for ecological environmental damage. In general, 70% of each inspector’s report is about problems, 20% is about achievements, and 10% is about suggestions.

　　At present, the inspector reports received by all provinces have been made public. These inspectors’ reports are full of sharp words. For example, when the Central Fourth Environmental Protection Inspector Group gave feedback to Hainan Province, it pointed out that "some localities and departments in Hainan are complacent about the unique ecological environment in the province and blindly complacent, thinking that a good natural environment means a good job. Some cities and counties attach importance to economic development and neglect environmental protection, and are keen to engage in ‘ Short, flat and fast ’ The quick-acting performance project, the finance relies too much on real estate. "

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection introduced at the press conference that four batches of environmental protection inspectors found six common problems in environmental protection in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). First, the atmospheric and water environment problems in some areas are outstanding; Second, the construction of environmental governance infrastructure is seriously lagging behind; Third, some nature reserves are illegally approved and illegally built; Fourth, over-exploitation of water resources; Fifth, the problem of industrial pollution is still outstanding; Sixth, rural environmental problems are more prominent. "These problems are related to China’s development stage, and also have a lot to do with local party committees and governments’ lack of attention, inaction and responsibility."

　　According to the regulations, after receiving feedback, all provinces will study and formulate rectification plans and submit them to the State Council within 30 working days. The rectification plan and the implementation of rectification should be disclosed to the public in a timely manner.

　　Subsequently, the provinces detailed the problems pointed out by the inspector group one by one, listed the rectification measures, deadlines and objectives in detail, and also stipulated the members and responsible persons of the rectification leading group. According to Liu Changgen, about half of the provinces are headed by the main leaders of the party and government, and the rest are headed by the main leaders of the party Committee or government.

　　Relevant departments at all levels immediately formulated specific rectification plans, with the main leaders of the party and government as the first responsible person. These rectification plans are reported to the province for the record as the basis for rectification of sales numbers and dispatching evaluation. In order to supervise the progress of rectification, Hunan Province implemented the following measures: scheduling on January 1st, supervising on January 1st, informing on February 1st, and commenting on March 1st. If the rectification is not promoted effectively, the rectification work is not implemented properly, the progress is obviously lagging behind, and the problems are still outstanding, measures such as exposure, notification, interview, accountability, listing supervision, and regional approval restriction will be taken as appropriate.

　　According to the rectification plan of each province, the State Environmental Protection Inspector’s Office will follow up the rectification progress.

　　In addition to the rectification of related issues, a very important reason why the central environmental protection inspector is called "an imperial envoy for environmental protection" is that the inspector group will hold relevant personnel accountable. The inspector’s feedback received by Hunan Province also includes the list of issues of accountability for ecological environmental damage sorted out by the inspector group.

　　"The central environmental protection inspector is a comprehensive inspector, and it is ‘ Great environmental protection ’ The concept, so whether it is the environmental protection department or other departments, as long as they are dereliction of duty, they must be held accountable. " Liu Changgen said that the scope of accountability not only covers the insiders of the environmental protection system, but also includes local party and government, state-owned enterprises, grassroots communities, land, forestry, water conservancy, housing construction, agriculture, urban management, safety supervision, industrial credit, transportation, public security, development and reform, tourism and other departments related to environmental protection.

　　Accountability will undoubtedly play a deterrent role. The data shows that the first round of central environmental protection inspectors has filed a total of 29,000 cases to punish enterprises, with a fine of about 1.43 billion yuan; 1,518 cases were investigated and 1,527 people were detained; Interviewed 18,448 party and government leading cadres and held 18,199 accountable.

　　According to the deployment of the central government, in 2018, local governments will be guided to establish a provincial-level environmental protection supervision system, realize the central and provincial-level supervision system and mechanism of the state supervising provinces and provinces supervising cities and counties, give play to the linkage effect of supervision, form a long-term mechanism of environmental protection supervision, and maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental protection.

　　This is also related to the reform of the vertical management system of monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of environmental protection institutions below the provincial level.

　　In September 2016, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Reform of Vertical Management System for Monitoring, Supervision and Law Enforcement of Environmental Protection Institutions below the provincial level, which proposed that the environmental monitoring functions of environmental protection departments at the city and county levels should be taken over by the pilot provinces, which should be uniformly exercised by the provincial environmental protection departments, and environmental monitoring should be carried out through stationing in cities or across cities and counties.

　　The social environmental protection system has yet to be established.

　　At present, environmental protection inspectors have formed a trend of high pressure and normalization, but there are still some problems. To this end, the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party put forward a party proposal on further strengthening and perfecting the central environmental protection inspector.

　　When talking about this proposal, Pan Biling, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Department, pointed out that, as proposed by the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, the composition of the central environmental protection inspector, except for the team leader, is all from the environmental protection system, which easily gives other departments the illusion that the central environmental protection inspector is still an environmental protection inspector, or at least can only be regarded as an environmental protection inspector under the leadership of the central government.

　　"When we cooperated with the central environmental protection inspector, some leaders of other departments told me that this was doing things for our environmental protection department. The central environmental protection inspector is the inspector of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to the provincial party committees and governments, not the inspector of the Ministry of Environmental Protection to the provincial party committees and governments. However, due to the current situation of organizational structure, some people will have such misunderstandings. "

　　And it also raises the second question. Pan Biling believes that although one post and two responsibilities are emphasized at present, the relevant ministries and commissions such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Water Resources have not participated in supervision and supervision, and the sense of responsibility and pressure transmission of relevant local departments are not enough.

　　In addition, Pan Biling pointed out that at present, although many provinces have included environmental protection in the evaluation of cadres’ due diligence, 31 provinces that have conducted inspections have introduced implementation measures for investigating the responsibility of party and government leading cadres for ecological environmental damage, but these evaluation systems are still limited.

　　"Some cadres may think that this has little impact, but only appropriate deduction points are assessed, which is not a one-vote veto. There are still relatively few cases that really have an impact on the use of leading cadres. After all, this kind of accountability has not yet caused widespread pain. "

　　In addition, another member from Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, who did not want to be named and had participated in the Central Environmental Protection Inspector, suggested that the more important issue was how to fundamentally solve environmental problems.

　　At present, party and government leaders at all levels have paid unprecedented attention to environmental protection, promoted it and produced results, but how to consolidate the achievements and carry out it in a long-term and institutionalized way is a difficult problem.

　　Pan Biling believes that there is a new formalism, which implements documents with documents and meetings with meetings. "The problem of people’s complaints can be solved in a week or half a month. But this solution is short-term. Environmental pollution control can’t be solved just by implementing responsibilities. In the long run, it must rely on funds and project management. This requires the government to increase investment, but it is not enough to rely on the government alone. It also requires the participation of enterprises and even the whole society. "

　　At present, there is a great pressure on environmental governance funds at the grassroots level. "In many places, it is very good to guarantee the basic livelihood, and there is no spare money for environmental protection. It is not enough to implement responsibilities and convey pressure at all levels. " He suggested that the government should continue to increase the proportion of capital investment in environmental protection.

　　Yu Guodong also said that many places are facing the adjustment of industrial structure because of environmental pollution. This requires the cooperation of various government departments, guiding the development of green industries in this region, giving subsidies in funds, giving support in policies, and even coordinating and bridging the gap between local governments.

　　In addition, Pan Biling also pointed out that environmental pollution is not only caused by enterprises, but also by everyone. For example, driving, eating barbecue, setting off firecrackers and fireworks, and even daily life may all cause the discharge of waste gas and wastewater.

　　However, some environmentalists pointed out that for the people, there should be good schools and public hospitals next to the new real estate, but there should be no garbage disposal facilities and sewage treatment facilities. When the real estate is sold, it is afraid to publicize that there are such facilities around. During the construction, the people complained or directly asked to stop work. There is indeed a big gap in the facilities in China.

　　It can be said that the environmental protection system of the whole social system has not been fully established. Pan Biling believes that China must make great changes in the system and mechanism, capital investment and other aspects, and the improvement of environmental quality can achieve remarkable results.

　　China Newsweek, No.10, 2018

[car home Information] On April 15th, HarmonyOS Zhixing officially announced that the new model (|) harvested 2,079 sets in the first weekend (April 13th-April 14th) after listing. The price of the new car was announced on April 11th, and five models were launched, with the price range of 249,800-349,800 yuan. The new Zhijie S7 will be the first to take Huawei’s visual intelligent driving, and the high-equipped model will be equipped with the same 192-line laser radar of Wenjie M9, which will further improve the intelligent driving.

In addition, car purchase can provide 30,000 yuan worth of rejuvenation rights and interests, including 6,000 yuan worth of interior decoration matching money, 3,000 yuan worth of MagLink flat suit, 20,000 yuan worth of Huawei ADS 2.0 advanced smart driving rights package and 1000 yuan delivery gift box (including awning sunshade, etc.).

Specifically, Huawei Visual Intelligent Driving (HUAWEI ADS Basic Edition) is a vision-based intelligent driving scheme, which can realize the quick and easy opening of national expressways and the easy stopping of intelligent parking. In addition, Huawei’s high-level intelligent driving has completed the full upgrade of NCA in urban areas, covering 40,000+cities and towns across the country, and can enjoy it immediately after picking up the car.

The version equipped with 192-line laser radar with high line number has the longest detection distance of 250m, which greatly improves the effective range of the omni-directional anti-collision system. The forward AEB supports 4-150km/h, the braking speed is 120km/h, the lateral AEB supports 40-130km/h for active obstacle avoidance, and the backward AEB supports 1-60km/h for active braking, so as to actively identify pedestrians, vehicles and other targets.

『The picture shows the old wisdom S7.』

Looking back at the appearance, Zhijie S7 is a pure electric medium-sized and large-sized car, and its front face design has a very good sense of movement, especially the combination of headlights and fog lights is very eye-catching. The side has a smooth roof line and is equipped with Brembo brake calipers, and the tail is designed with through taillights and ducklings. In terms of body size, the new car has a length/width/height of 4971/1963/1474mm and a wheelbase of 2950mm, respectively.

In terms of interior, Zhijie S7 adopts "yacht cabin design", which has obvious layering according to the distance of sight. The oval steering wheel is very different, and the 12.3-inch central control screen has built-in HarmonyOS OS4 car system.Xiaoyi, who joined Pangu’s big model, will start pushing in May.. The new car is also equipped with zero-gravity seats, double 50W wireless fast charging/three 66W wired fast charging and car refrigerator, etc. The overall configuration level is quite high.

In terms of power, Zhijie S7 comes standard with HUAWEI DriveONE 800V high-voltage silicon carbide platform, which can recharge 215km in 5 minutes and 430km in 15 minutes. The two-wheel drive version has a maximum power of 292 HP, and the four-wheel drive version has a maximum power of 496 HP. Its 0-100km/h acceleration time is 3.3 seconds, the braking distance of 100-0km/h is only 33.5 meters, and the comprehensive endurance of CLTC can reach up to 855km. In addition, the new car is equipped with Turing intelligent chassis, CDC variable damping shock absorber and air suspension to improve handling stability. (Compile/car home zhang xiaodan)

Director:Amma Asante

playwright：Misan Sagay

star; act the leading role： //Laura Julian-bocks/Alan McKenna//////James Northcote

type：plot of a play

Producer country/region：Britain

language：English

Release date：2013-09-08

length of a motion picture (in terms of showing time)：104 minutes

synopsis：It tells the story that Belle, a mixed-race girl, was adopted by a noble family and influenced the abolition of slavery. Belle, the heroine, is the illegitimate daughter of a British naval colonel and a Caribbean black slave, and was later married by her father’s uncle.MurrayLord adopted. Although she grew up in an aristocratic family, her dark complexion always reminds her of her origin. And she used her own strength to promote the process of abolishing slavery in Britain.

01　Profound and painful historical background

The historical events told in this film took place in England in the 18th century. At that time, Britain was a colonial trade center, and behind the rapid economic development came a painful chapter in human history — — The ugly slave trade!

Historical photos of slave trade

The slave trade, also known as "triangle trade", took place in the 16th-19th century. The starting point of the slave trade is Europe. Slave traders ship their own goods to Africa, where they are replaced by slaves transported from the mainland to coastal areas by local people. During the long voyage, blacks need to be stripped naked and locked under the deck, chained up with chains, and their food and drinking water are limited.

The Internal Structure of Slave slave ship

Once slaves get sick, they will be pushed into the sea immediately, so that sharks have been used to following merchant ships for hundreds of years because there are stable food sources here. They put a mark on every black slave to prevent escape. Then they were sold like animals, and then these slaves were transported to America, sold to local planters, and returned home with a lot of gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and other goods in America.

The living conditions of slaves under deck

This trade has undoubtedly brought a lot of wealth and capital to Europe, but it is undoubtedly worse for Africa, whose economy is already backward. For Africa, the long-term shortage of labor and population has led to slow economic development, and poverty and hunger have been sweeping across African countries. A large number of people lost, so that some West African countries did not cheer up in the next few hundred years, and many promising African indigenous civilizations were also killed in the cradle.

02　The source of inspiration for the film

The film Belle was inspired by an oil painting in Scone Palace, Scotland, in which a noble and elegant white lady was sitting under a big tree and a lively and lovely black girl was standing next to her. Writer Missan said: "I was shocked by the elegance and beauty of the black girl. There was something frank in her staring eyes, telling me something. As a writer, I feel that there is a story in it. " So after the writer Missan dug, arranged and created the story behind the photo, the story of the black girl Belle in the painting surfaced.

A movie clip of Belle.

Dido Belle Lindsay, the heroine, is the daughter of British Navy Colonel John Lindsay and a Caribbean slave. Although her identity is not glamorous, she was adopted by a noble uncle, but in the severe social environment at that time, her growth situation was still full of thorns, and her inferiority always followed Belle. And an important turning point to change Belle’s life mentality is an ugly page in British history — — In the insurance fraud case of the "Zonghao" cargo ship, the owner of the "Zonghao" threw 132 sick black slaves into the sea and drowned them. This incident touched Belle very much, so Belle began to use her own strength to uncover the ugly veil of the British black slave trade through the insurance fraud case of the "Zong cargo ship".

Turner’s landscape painting "slave ship" was inspired by the "Zong cargo ship case"

In 2007, in an exhibition commemorating the bicentennial of the birth of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act of 1807, this painting and more information about Belle were exhibited at Kenwood Manor, an English country villa where she once lived. Misan, a female writer, once said: When we look at the history of Britain, we should realize that black people have always been here. Indeed, looking back at this 200-year history, they can be found at all levels of society. Writer Missan compiled this oil painting into a story for the world to spread, while director Amma Asante turned Missan’s story into a visual screen work and dedicated it to more audiences to commemorate this brave woman — — Belle.

A movie clip of Belle.

Director Amma Asante was born in London, England in 1969. In 2004, she won the most promising newcomer award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts for her first film Lifestyle.

Director Amma Asante.

In addition to the role of director, she is also an actress and screenwriter, so she has a more detailed pursuit in controlling the story. It took her seven long years to find the story of Belle and Betty. As for the actor who plays the role of Belle, she chose Gugu Mabata-Law, because in this actor, Amma Asante found "Belle" in her heart.

A movie clip of Belle.

03　The strength interpretation of low-key actors

Like Belle, the British actress Gugu Mabata-Law is a mixed-race girl. My father is a South African doctor and my mother is a British nurse. Born in Oxford, England in 1983, she grew up in witney, a historic market town beside the tributary of the Thames. This girl, who was interested in singing, dancing and performing since she was a child, was admitted to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London at the age of 18. In 2009, she also appeared in the stage play Hamlet with famous British actors, which showed her extraordinary theatrical skills.

Gugu Mabata-Lao

The name Gugu Mabata-Law means "our pride" in Zulu language in Africa. Starring in Belle also brought her a new height in Hollywood. Both she and Amma Asante, the director of this film, are deeply influenced by the works of British novelist Jane Austen, and have a deep understanding of this female image that reflects 18th century Britain and struggles with social norms and contradictions.

A movie clip of Belle.

Gugu once showed the image of a British actor who had been trained in drama in the films he starred in. With her solid musical foundation, she also performed a charming Grammy-winning female singer in the film. In 2018, she was also awarded the British Medal of Merit in recognition of her contribution to the drama industry. UNHCR also recently announced the appointment of Gugu Mabata-Law as a global goodwill ambassador. Since 2018, as a celebrity partner of UNHCR, she has been vigorously advocating refugee rights. She also contributed to the "Hope Movie" project, which was jointly carried out by the Internet Movie Database and UNHCR to raise funds for the "COVID-19 Solidarity Appeal".

Gugu visited the refugee settlement in Uganda.

This week’s "Junlebao" lets us walk into the film "Belle" adapted from real historical events and feel the sincere power of Belle.

Saturday’s promotion version site

Sunday film review edition live

"Please welcome Pan Zhouyong, 29 years old, who graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich with a master’s degree …" This is the introduction of Pan Zhouyong’s appearance when he participated in the program. This variety clip can be described as a hot circle, and his appearance expression and movements attracted many short video lovers to imitate it first.

This stem originally came from the seventh season of super brain, when the host introduced the contestants, which happened to be Pan Zhouyong. He got up in a very special way, tilting his shoulders and twisting his neck, giving people a cool and crazy feeling.

Later, Pan Zhouyong also responded that it was because the position was a little crowded and there were other players next to him, so his way of getting up had to be changed. This appearance made Pan Zhouyong popular, and he rose by a million in just one week.

Many people just watch the fragment of the introduction speech, and don’t know who the protagonist Pan Zhouyong is in the video and why he can explode. He not only participated in the seventh season of super brain, but also was a schoolmaster.

Just like his introduction, "I graduated from Zurich Federal Institute of Technology with a master’s degree", I think many people have already heard about this institution, which is Einstein’s alma mater. He also graduated from Oxford University, which shows that Pan Zhouyong has the strength of learning hegemony.

Pan Zhouyong itself has a strong strength. I didn’t expect an opening remark after two years and a toss to make him popular all over the network. Now he has become a "knowledge online celebrity", and he also said that he didn’t expect to become popular in this way. However, in the video, he is not "crazy" two years ago, but gentle and speaks slowly.

Speaking of "super brain", a variety show that has been with us for a long time, every season there are talented players who amaze netizens. Eight years, except for Pan Zhouyong, who recently exploded, what happened to other players?

Wang yuheng

Also known as "Water Brother", in the program, he successfully found the most special cup from 520 cups of homogeneous water. When his eyes were accidentally injured as a child and his right eye could not focus, he directly "killed" international players, and even the police invited him to participate in the investigation of the case and became famous in World War I.

Today, Wang Yuheng gradually fades out of people’s field of vision, takes care of children at home and guides their studies. Children are lively and lovely, knowledgeable and among the best. I also created my own brand, and I like to make some handmade ones and sell them online.

Liping Jia

In "super brain" program, he successfully created the world record of "blindly twisting and restoring two Rubik’s cubes underwater" with a score of 1 minute and 01 seconds. Then he defeated the international Spanish players and won a point for the China team. In the second year after participating in the program, she entered the marriage hall with her wife. She likes Rubik’s Cube very much, and they have the same hobby.

In 16 years, he once again participated in super brain, but this performance was not as good as the last one. First, he played badly, and then he was questioned by his opponent Lin Kaijun for cheating, which won the support of many players. This incident had a great impact on Jia Liping. At the same time, her marriage with her new wife only lasted for more than a year, which made netizens not only doubt his character.

Wang Feng

Have the title of "Master of World Memory". He won two consecutive championships in world memory championships and broke the world record many times. Super brain, who participated in 14 years, returned to super brain in 15 years and served as the captain of China, and served as the rotating chairman of the Fourth Season of super brain in 17 years. Realized the counterattack from the player to the mentor.

After the show, he not only burst into flames, but also gained love. Li Lu, a 19-year-old girl from Inner Mongolia, fell in love with Wang Feng in her heart. After the girl’s constant pursuit, she has now become his wife and gave birth to a child for him. Wang Feng can be said to be the best developed player, whose life and career are progressing.

Chen Ranran

Is a rare beauty in super brain, and one of the few female brain kings. In the program "super brain", he played against international players on behalf of China, defeated the Japanese player who defeated China last season, and won a point for China, which made him popular.

Since then, she has also received much attention, but she has kept a low profile and entered a law firm. Fifteen years ago, the super brain program team found Chen Ranran again, and Chen Ranran said that "super brain may be her last stage". I have never participated in other programs since then. Now she returns to a quiet life and concentrates on doing what she likes.

Today’s "super brain" is no longer liked by many audiences as before, the change of competition system has lost its original point of view, and even more players are put on show, so the ratings have declined. And those "talented" players in the early "super brain" are gradually forgotten. I hope that we can make rectification and let the audience see more "talented" players.

　　CCTV News:According to the WeChat official account news of the State Post Bureau, on October 24th, the State Post Bureau held a video conference on the mobilization and deployment of service guarantee in the peak season of express delivery in 2023, emphasizing that the whole system and industry should continue to play the role of the core mechanism of "staggered peak delivery and balanced promotion", adhere to the coordination between urban and rural areas and the nationwide linkage, and pay equal attention to safe operation and quality guarantee, terminal stability and safeguarding rights and interests, and strive to create a smooth peak season, a safe peak season and a warm-hearted peak season.

　　The meeting stressed that the whole system and industry should coordinate development and safety, urban and rural service needs, domestic and international delivery markets, and the balance between front-end and back-end to achieve the fundamental goal of ensuring smooth flow, safety and stability.

　　First, we must strictly abide by the safety bottom line and always tighten the string of safe production. All enterprises should strictly implement the main responsibility, strengthen the management of production safety, and comprehensively carry out centralized rectification of potential safety hazards in view of all kinds of safety risks that may exist in the peak season. Postal management departments at all levels should fulfill their safety supervision responsibilities, supervise enterprises to strictly implement the "three systems" for delivery safety, order enterprises with signs and potential risks to make rectification in time, and resolutely investigate and deal with enterprises that refuse to implement and have safety accidents.

　　Second, we must work together to ensure smooth operation in the peak season. We should continue to adhere to the core mechanism of "peak-shifting delivery and balanced promotion", establish a timely reporting system, further strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various market players, and create an overall and orderly "double 11".

　　Third, we must convey care and protect legitimate rights and interests according to law. It is necessary to know the temperature, protect the rights and interests, reduce the burden, and effectively protect the health and safety of couriers.

　　Fourth, we should strengthen packaging management and promote the "9218" project. All e-commerce platforms and express delivery companies should strengthen control, adhere to standardization, recycling, reduction and harmlessness, use express packaging that meets standards, and encourage e-commerce express delivery.

　　Fifth, we must consolidate the achievements of rectification and safeguard the people’s postal rights and interests. All enterprises should further strengthen the deployment and scheduling of the whole network, implement unified management responsibilities, strengthen the investigation of refusing or restricting the acceptance and delivery of express mail in some areas, further improve the service assessment mechanism and the payment settlement mechanism, and promote e-commerce enterprises to actively take incentive measures so that the people can enjoy the convenience brought by delivery services on an equal footing. Local postal administrations should continue to strengthen supervision, continue to carry out inspection and investigation through on-the-spot inspection and cross-regional cooperation and investigation, urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility of service quality assurance, and earnestly fulfill their service commitments and obligations.

　　Since June, there have been strikes in France, Germany and Belgium, and the British railway has suffered the largest strike in 30 years. What happened to the European economy? Cui Hongjian, director of the European Institute of China Institute of International Studies, believes that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in the United States has promoted sanctions against Russia, and the rise in energy prices has led to stagflation in the European economy, making it more difficult to move toward economic recovery.

　　Xinhuanet invitedCui Hongjian, Director of the European Institute of China Institute of International StudiesRead it for you!

　　Xinhuanet: What’s wrong with the European economy? What is the reason?

　　Cui Hongjian:Recently, the economies of European and American countries have been hit hard. On the one hand, there is high inflation, that is, the price level continues to rise, on the other hand, there is a serious shortage of consumption, and construction has declined. The emergence of this situation has been caused by the economic structural problems of European countries for quite a long time, such as the lack of vitality in the labor market and the high social welfare expenditure. At the same time, in the short term, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had an impact on the European economy from both demand and supply.

　　On the supply side, due to the western energy sanctions against Russia, the energy gap in Europe is getting bigger and bigger, and the energy cost is rising rapidly. On the demand side, due to rising prices, energy has concentrated on crowding out capital expenditures in many other fields, so now European people are more and more uncertain and insecure about consumption, and everyone is afraid to spend money. These have led to the current European economy falling into a very big dilemma.

　　Xinhuanet: The conflict between Russia and Ukraine continues, and the United States and the West are waving sanctions against Russia. What impact does this have on the European economy?

　　Cui Hongjian:Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States has been trying to bring the pace of Europe. In addition to providing support to Ukraine, another key point is to drive European countries to launch multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia. With the escalation of sanctions, the United States, which is less dependent on Russia for energy and trade, has suffered less damage, but European countries have formed a very close interdependent relationship with Russia in industry and energy. In fact, the United States did not consider the losses of the so-called allies, but also intensified its efforts to continue to promote sanctions against Russia.

　　Since the fifth round of EU sanctions against Russia, the effect of sanctions is not obvious, and it has also played a counterproductive role. The EU is now soberly aware that blindly pushing up sanctions against Russia with the United States will bring more losses to the EU itself. Europe is not only tired of sanctions against Russia, but also tired of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. At the same time, there are more and more dissatisfaction with blindly following up American policies.

　　If the United States continues to step up sanctions and pressure on Russia, I think the contradiction between the so-called alliance system between the United States and Europe will become more and more serious. Because the interests of both sides, especially the goal of diplomatic security, have great differences and contradictions at the root.

　　Xinhuanet: How can Europe overcome the current difficulties and achieve economic recovery?

　　Cui Hongjian:If Europe really wants a sustained economic recovery, it may still need to better promote international cooperation. When it comes to international cooperation, there is no doubt that the best choice for Europe now is emerging economies and a broader market, including China.

　　The economic dependence between Europe and America is very high, and the two sides have close cooperation in trade, industry and investment. This will lead to a vicious circle. Inflation and economic stagnation will spread back and forth between European and American economies, but it will make the European economy face greater difficulties.

　　However, emerging economies have maintained a relatively good growth trend so far. China and Europe should not only work together to persuade peace and promote talks, but also help both sides of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict return to the direction of peaceful settlement of disputes. At the same time, they should further strengthen pragmatic cooperation in supply chain and industrial chain security, which will not only continue to consolidate in traditional fields, but also further spread to green transformation, high technology and other fields. I think only in this way can Europe not only reform itself, but also get out of the current economic predicament through cooperation with China and other real partners.

Departments (bureaus) of human resources and social security of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Health Bureau (Health and Family Planning Commission), Civil Service Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and Health Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and personnel (cadre) departments of various ministries and commissions in the State Council:

In accordance with the requirements of the circular issued by the former Ministry of Health (Wei Tong [2012] No.23) on eight recommended health industry standards, such as the Quality Index of Routine Clinical Biochemical Examination, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Health and Family Planning Commission have organized medical experts to revise the relevant contents of the Operation Manual for Civil Servant Employment Physical Examination (for Trial Implementation), which are hereby printed and distributed to you. This notice shall be implemented as of September 1, 2013. In the specific work, in case of problems, please timely feedback to the central civil service authorities and health (health and family planning) administrative departments.

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Health and Family Planning Commission Civil Service Bureau

August 19, 2013

Operation Manual of Civil Servant’s Employment Physical Examination (Trial).

Relevant revision contents

I "Article 2 Physical Examination Items and Operating Procedures 6.1 Blood Routine" is revised as:

6.1 Blood routine

It can provide clues for the diagnosis of hematological diseases. Among them, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are counted by instrument or microscope, and hemoglobin is counted by instrument or photoelectric colorimetry. Must check the project includes the following five items:

6.1.1 Total number of red blood cells (RBC)

[Reference value] Male: (4.3 ~ 5.8) × 1012/L; Female: (3.8 ~ 5.1) × 1012/L.

Erythropenia is more common in all kinds of anemia, such as acute or chronic aplastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Polycythemia is common in hypoxia, blood concentration, polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia.

6.1.2 Hemoglobin (HGB)

[Reference value] Male: 130 ~ 175 g/L; Female: 115 ~ 150 g/L.

The clinical significance of decreasing or increasing hemoglobin is basically the same as the total number of red blood cells.

6.1.3 Total white blood cell count (WBC)

[Reference value] (3.5 ~ 9.5) × 109/L.

Physiological leukocytosis is common in strenuous exercise, after eating, pregnancy and so on. In addition, different blood collection sites can also make the number of white blood cells different, such as the average number of white blood cells in earlobe blood is higher than that in finger blood.

Pathological leukocytosis is common in acute suppurative infection, uremia, leukemia, tissue injury, acute bleeding and so on.

Pathological leukopenia is common in aplastic anemia, some infectious diseases, liver cirrhosis, hypersplenism, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, taking some drugs and so on.

6.1.4 Differential white blood cell count (DC)

[Reference value]

Neutrophils: (1.8 ~ 6.3) × 109/L (40% ~ 75%).

Eosinophil: (0.02 ~ 0.52) × 109/L (0.4% ~ 8%).

Basophil: (0.00 ~ 0.06) × 109/L (0 ~ 1%).

Lymphocyte: (1.1 ~ 3.2) × 109/L (20% ~ 50%).

Monocyte: (0.1 ~ 0.6) × 109/L (3% ~ 10%).

Neutrophilia is common in acute suppurative infection, massive hemorrhage, serious tissue injury, chronic myeloid leukemia, sleeping pill poisoning, etc. Reduce common viral infections, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, etc.

Eosinophilia is common in psoriasis, pemphigus, eczema, bronchial asthma, allergies, some hematological diseases and tumors, such as chronic myeloid leukemia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer and cervical cancer. Decrease is common in the early stage of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and after long-term use of adrenocortical hormone.

Basophilia is common in chronic myeloid leukemia with bone marrow fibrosis, chronic hemolysis and splenectomy. Reduction is generally of no clinical significance.

Lymphocytosis is common in infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, malaria, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, whooping cough, some viral infections, etc. Decrease is common in some leukemia or excessive destruction, such as long-term chemotherapy, X-ray irradiation and immune deficiency.

Monocytosis is common in monocytic leukemia, active tuberculosis, typhoid fever, malaria, etc. Reducing the clinical significance is not significant.

6.1.5 platelet count (PLT)

[reference value] (125 ~ 350) × 109/L.

Increased platelet count is more common in thrombocytosis, after splenectomy, acute infection, hemolysis, fracture, etc. Decrease is more common in aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, acute radiation sickness, primary or secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, hypersplenism, uremia, after taking some drugs, etc.

Two, the "second physical examination items and operating procedures 6.3 blood biochemistry" is revised as follows:

6.3 blood biochemistry

6.3.1 Diagnostic index of blood glucose (GLU) diabetes. Glucose oxidase method and automatic or semi-automatic biochemical analyzer should be used, and blood should be detected as soon as possible after blood collection.

[reference value] 3.9 ~ 6.1 mmol/L.

The blood glucose concentration of blood taken on an empty stomach for more than 8 hours is ≥7.0 mmol/L, or the blood glucose concentration of blood taken at any time of the day is ≥11.1 mmol/L, and it still reaches or exceeds this value after reexamination, so as to diagnose diabetes; The fasting blood glucose concentration is between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L, and further diagnosis should be made by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). If the 2-hour blood glucose concentration of OGTT is ≥11.1 mmol/L, diabetes is diagnosed.

6.3.2 Liver biochemical indexes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can be detected by automatic or semi-automatic biochemical analyzer by enzymatic method, which can be used for early diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases such as viral hepatitis and help to judge the degree and prognosis of the disease.

[reference value] male: 9 ~ 50 u/l, female: 7 ~ 40 u/l.

6.3.3 Liver biochemical indexes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the detection method and significance are the same as those of ALT.

[reference value] male: 15 ~ 40 u/l, female: 13 ~ 35 u/l.

ALT and AST are sensitive indicators reflecting the damage of liver cells, which can be increased in the incubation period and early onset of hepatitis, so it is helpful for early detection of hepatitis. ALT mainly exists in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, while AST is distributed in the mitochondria of hepatocytes in addition to the cytoplasm. ALT and AST levels can be increased when liver cells are damaged by various liver diseases (such as viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, fatty liver, cirrhosis, etc.) and some extrahepatic diseases.

When liver damage is mild, only ALT and AST in cytoplasm are released into blood, so the increase of ALT is greater than AST. It is generally believed that serum ALT exceeds the upper limit of reference value by more than 2 times, indicating that liver cells have inflammation, necrosis and liver damage. When severe liver injury occurs, mitochondria are destroyed, and a large amount of AST is released into the blood, resulting in a higher serum AST level than ALT. AST/ALT ratio > 1 can indicate the progress of hepatitis with significant hepatocyte necrosis. Therefore, measuring AST/ALT ratio is helpful to judge the severity of liver injury. The increase of single AST should also consider the pathological changes of myocardium and bones, especially the ratio of AST／ALT in myocardial infarction is often greater than 3, accompanied by corresponding clinical manifestations, so it is not difficult to diagnose.

In addition to the liver, other tissues such as heart, brain, kidney and muscle also contain ALT and AST, and the pathological changes of these organs can also cause the increase of serum ALT and AST. Changes in some physiological conditions can also cause the elevation of ALT and AST. For example, strenuous physical activity may cause a temporary slight elevation of ALT. Because there are various reasons for the increase of serum ALT and AST, it is necessary to make a clear diagnosis according to the specific situation and combined with other necessary examination methods.

6.3.4 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Blood urea nitrogen is the product of protein metabolism. The purpose of determining blood urea nitrogen is to judge the excretion ability of protein metabolites by the kidney, so the value of blood urea nitrogen can be used as an index to judge glomerular filtration function. However, blood urea nitrogen is easily influenced by diet, urine volume and other factors, so although it can be used as an index to judge glomerular function, it is not as accurate as blood creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen was detected by urease method.

[reference value] 2.8 ~ 7.2 mmol/L.

6.3.5 Serum creatinine (CR) is the product of human muscle metabolism, which is not easily influenced by diet and urine volume, and can reflect renal function more sensitively, and is an important indicator for diagnosing renal failure, and its level is directly proportional to the degree of renal function damage. Serum creatinine was detected by picric acid method or enzymatic method.

[Reference value] Picric acid method: 44 ~ 133 μ mol/L for male and 70 ~ 106 μ mol/L for female. Enzymatic method: 53 ~ 97 μ mol/L for male and 44 ~ 80 μ mol/L for female.

When both blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine are "mmol/ L", the reference value of the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine is 25 ~ 40. When the ratio is less than 25, protein’s insufficient intake and acute tubular necrosis are considered; > 40, considering the cause of prerenal.

Because the measured values of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are easily influenced by hemolysis, bilirubin and drugs, it is of diagnostic significance to increase them at the same time. The degree of blood urea nitrogen increase is more obvious than that of blood creatinine in renal parenchymal lesions.

Iii. Amend the detailed rules for the implementation of Article 3 "General Standards for Physical Examination of Civil Servants (for Trial Implementation)" 3. About Hematological Diseases as follows:

Article 3 the blood system disease, unqualified. Simple iron deficiency anemia, with hemoglobin higher than 90 g/L in men and 80 g/L in women, is qualified.

3.1 Interpretation of Articles

The blood system consists of blood and hematopoietic organs, which include bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissues scattered all over the body and mononuclear-phagocytic cell system. Hematological diseases refer to diseases that originate from and mainly involve blood and hematopoietic organs (the former is leukemia and the latter is iron deficiency anemia), commonly known as hematological diseases. Those who suffer from other systemic diseases and have blood changes can only be called hematological manifestations of systemic diseases, not real hematological diseases.

Hematological diseases can generally be divided into red blood cell diseases, white blood cell diseases, hemorrhagic diseases, hematopoietic stem cell diseases, etc. Clinically, they can be manifested as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, etc. caused by anemia, hemorrhage, fever or malignant cell infiltration, and different diseases have their own characteristics. Now only some common diseases are briefly described.

3.1.1 Anemia means that the hemoglobin content per unit volume of blood is lower than the lower limit of the reference value, and it is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hematocrit in different degrees. It is generally believed that in plain areas, anemia can be diagnosed when the hemoglobin content of adult males is less than 130 g/L and females are less than 115 g/L. Anemia can be primary to hematopoietic organ diseases, or secondary to some systemic diseases (such as chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic infection caused by various pathogens, malignant tumors, etc.). The etiological judgment of anemia is very important, with different causes and different prognosis. Except for iron deficiency anemia caused by some reasons, it is often difficult to completely cure and it is unqualified in physical examination. Common anemia has the following types:

1) Iron deficiency anemia: It is the most common anemia, which is caused by the lack of iron necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin in the body. It is characterized by small cell hypochromic anemia. Common causes include chronic blood loss (such as menorrhagia, hemorrhoid bleeding, ulcer disease, hookworm disease, etc.) and iron malabsorption (such as after subtotal gastrectomy, long-term diarrhea, lack of stomach acid, hobby of strong tea, etc.). The prognosis depends on whether the etiology can be eliminated. If the etiology can be eliminated, anemia can be corrected quickly. The so-called simple iron deficiency anemia also refers to anemia caused by bad eating habits, menorrhagia, hemorrhoid bleeding, etc. When the hemoglobin content of this kind of anemia is not less than 90 g/L for men and 80 g/L for women, the symptoms are not obvious, and the cause is easy to eliminate, which has little impact on the body. After the cause is eliminated, the hemoglobin content is easy to return to normal and the prognosis is good, so it can be treated as qualified.

2) Aplastic anemia: referred to as aplastic anemia, is a syndrome characterized by pancytopenia caused by bone marrow failure caused by various causes. The common causes are drugs, chemical poisons, ionizing radiation, virus infection and so on. Aplastic anemia can be divided into acute type and chronic type. Acute type has an acute onset and rapid progress, and its main clinical manifestations are bleeding (such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, fundus hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage, etc.), which is easy to be complicated with infection and has a high mortality rate. The onset of chronic type is slow, and anemia is the main manifestation. The course of disease is long, and remission and attack can alternate repeatedly, and it will not heal for many years. Once the disease is diagnosed, it is concluded that it is unqualified.

3) megaloblastic anemia: anemia caused by DNA synthesis disorder caused by folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiency. It is characterized by an increase in the volume of hematopoietic cells, involving red blood cells, granulocytes and megakaryocytes. Clinically, it often shows pancytopenia with gastrointestinal symptoms. The common reasons are long-term vegetarian diet, partial eclipse, improper cooking of vegetables, improper dieting, malabsorption caused by gastrointestinal diseases, taking drugs that interfere with the absorption of folic acid and/or vitamin B12, etc. Once the disease is diagnosed, it is concluded that it is unqualified.

4) Tumor anemia: anemia caused by blood tumor (such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma) or solid tumor infiltrating into bone marrow or abnormal bone marrow hyperplasia (such as myelodysplastic syndrome). Once the disease is diagnosed, it is concluded that it is unqualified.

5) Hemolytic anemia: It is caused by the accelerated destruction of red blood cells, which exceeds the compensatory ability of hematopoietic function of bone marrow. Its main features are anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, reticulocytosis and myeloerythropoiesis. The causes of hemolysis can be caused by genetic defects of red blood cells such as structural and functional defects of red blood cell membrane and enzyme defects, and can also be caused by acquired factors such as infection, drugs, physics and chemistry, immunity and metabolism. According to the main sites of red blood cell destruction, it can be divided into intravascular hemolysis and extravascular hemolysis. Both of them are unqualified conclusions.

3.1.2 Polycythemia refers to the fact that the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content and hematocrit per unit volume of blood are significantly higher than the reference value. Usually, polycythemia can be diagnosed by hemoglobin ≥180 g/L, red blood cell number ≥6.0×1012/L or hematocrit ≥0.55. There are many causes, which can be relative polycythemia caused by decreased plasma volume, secondary polycythemia caused by tissue hypoxia, and true polycythemia (also known as primary polycythemia) with unknown reasons. Whether the patient with secondary polycythemia is qualified or not depends on the etiology. If the hemoglobin content and red blood cell count caused by temporary dehydration slightly exceed the reference value and can be corrected by normal drinking water, a qualified conclusion can be made; For those caused by other causes, the unqualified conclusion should be made according to the nature of the primary disease.

1) Secondary polycythemia: Tissue hypoxia caused by various reasons can lead to compensatory erythrocytic proliferation, that is, secondary polycythemia. The common causes are excessive smoking, high altitude polycythemia, cyanotic congenital heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tumor, kidney disease, obesity-pulmonary ventilation syndrome and so on.

2) polycythemia vera: it is a chronic myeloproliferative disease with abnormal proliferation of erythroid cells, with slow onset, characterized by dark red skin and mucous membrane, splenomegaly, increased red blood cell count and blood volume with pancytocytosis, and often nervous system and blood circulation dysfunction, thrombosis, heart failure, etc. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

3.1.3 Leukocyte diseases include all kinds of leukopenia and hyperplasia diseases.

1) Leukopenia and agranulocytosis: Leukopenia refers to peripheral blood white blood cell count < 3.5×109/L, in which neutropenia accounts for the vast majority. When the total number of neutrophils is < 0.5×109/L, it is called agranulocytosis. The causes of both are roughly the same. The most common causes are drug reactions (anti-tumor drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics, antithyroid drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, antihistamines and sedatives, etc.), radiation and chemical damage, immune-mediated bone marrow damage, bone marrow infiltration by abnormal cells (such as tumor cells), some bacterial and viral infections, and granulocyte maturation disorders (such as folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency). In addition, abnormal distribution in blood pool, increased demand and accelerated consumption and destruction can also cause this disease.

Because most of the causes are acquired factors, the unqualified conclusion is made before the causes are eliminated and the total number of white blood cells or neutrophils is not restored to normal and stable.

2) neutropenia: refers to the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood > 7.0× 109/L. The main causes are acute infection, tissue necrosis, severe burns, poisoning, drug reaction, myeloproliferative diseases (chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis), and some malignant tumors. It can also occur due to physiological reasons such as pregnancy, emotional excitement, strenuous exercise, etc. Whether the disease is qualified or not depends on the etiology. For those who may be caused by mild inflammation, exercise or emotional factors, white blood cells are slightly elevated and can return to normal after reexamination, a qualified conclusion can be made.

3.1.4 Malignant lymphoma refers to a malignant tumor originating in the immune system (lymph nodes or extra-nodal lymphoid tissues), which is characterized by a large number of proliferation of lymphocytes and/or histiocytes. Clinically, it often shows painless and progressive lymphadenopathy, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cachexia and anemia in the late stage. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

3.1.5 Multiple myeloma is one of the most common malignant plasma cell diseases, which is characterized by the tumor proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells, thus destroying bone tissue. The main clinical manifestations are bone pain, pathological fracture, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal function damage and easy infection. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

3.1.6 Hypersplenism is a syndrome, which can be caused by a variety of primary or secondary causes, such as infection, congestion (heart failure, liver cirrhosis, portal vein or splenic vein obstruction, etc.), abnormal immune response, myeloproliferative diseases, etc. The clinical feature is splenomegaly with decrease of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets alone or simultaneously. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

3.1.7 The normal hemostasis mechanism of hemorrhagic disease is accomplished by the synergistic effect of blood vessels, platelets and coagulation mechanism. Obstacles in any one aspect can lead to abnormal bleeding, that is, excessive bleeding, which is called hemorrhagic disease.

1) Thrombocytopenia means that the platelet count in peripheral blood is less than 100× 109/L.. When the platelet count is lower than 50×109/L, there may be bleeding, and when it is lower than 20×109/L, the bleeding symptoms will be aggravated, such as skin and mucous membrane bleeding (diameter < ＜2 mm), purpura (diameter 3 ~ 5 mm) or ecchymosis (diameter > 5 mm), gingival bleeding, nosebleed, and even visceral bleeding, such as blood in stool and urine. There are many and complicated causes of thrombocytopenia, which are difficult to correct in most cases. As a physical examination, there is no need to make etiological diagnosis. Once thrombocytopenia is diagnosed, it is generally concluded that it is unqualified. If it can be confirmed that there is a temporary slight decrease in platelets caused by virus infection, drug factors, etc., and there is no bleeding tendency, those whose platelet count can return to normal level after eliminating the above factors can be treated as qualified.

2) Thrombocytopenic purpura: It belongs to a type of thrombocytopenia, including idiopathic, secondary and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and its common feature is bleeding with thrombocytopenia. It is not difficult to diagnose the disease according to the clinical manifestations and laboratory examination. As a physical examination, there is no need to make a classified diagnosis. Once diagnosed, make an unqualified conclusion.

3) Henoch-Schonlein purpura (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) is a common allergic hemorrhagic disease, which is mainly caused by the increase of capillary wall permeability and brittleness due to the allergic reaction of the body to certain substances, leading to exudative bleeding. The main causes are infection, drugs, food and other factors. According to the clinical manifestations, it can be divided into simple type, abdominal type, joint type, renal type and mixed type. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

4) Hemophilia: It is a group of hemorrhagic diseases caused by hereditary thromboplastin production disorder, characterized by positive family history, childhood onset, spontaneous or mild traumatic bleeding, hematoma formation and joint bleeding. This disease is a lifelong disease, and there is no radical cure. Once diagnosed, it is unqualified.

3.1.8 Leukemia is a malignant tumor of hematopoietic system, accounting for about 5% of the total cancer incidence. It is characterized by the tumor proliferation of a certain type of leukemia cells in bone marrow or other hematopoietic tissues, and infiltration into other organs and tissues in the body, which inhibits normal hematopoiesis and produces corresponding symptoms and signs. Anemia, fever, infection, bleeding and swelling of liver, spleen and lymph nodes in different degrees are common in clinic. Once the disease is diagnosed, the conclusion is unqualified.

3.2 Diagnostic points

3.2.1 Iron deficiency anemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is a history of chronic blood loss (such as menorrhagia, ulcer bleeding, hemorrhoid bleeding, etc.) and primary diseases that cause iron absorption disorders (such as subtotal gastrectomy, atrophic gastritis, long-term diarrhea, etc.), and pay attention to finding etiological evidence of anemia; Whether there are symptoms of anemia, such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitation and shortness of breath after activities.

2) Physical examination points: Pale skin mucosa is the main sign of anemia, and it is generally reliable to observe nail bed, palm skin wrinkles, oral mucosa and eyelid conjunctiva. Pay attention to other signs such as angular stomatitis, glossitis, and increased heart rate.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: it is the main basis for diagnosis of anemia, which can be analyzed by automatic blood cell analyzer. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by small cell hypopigmentation anemia. Generally, the diagnosis can be confirmed by routine blood examination combined with medical history and signs.

Reticulocyte count: It should be used as a routine supplementary examination in anemia patients. The reticulocyte count of patients with iron deficiency anemia is mostly normal.

When the nature of anemia cannot be determined, further testing items can be selected according to local conditions, such as determination of serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, etc., to determine whether it is iron deficiency anemia, and to further find out the cause of iron deficiency, so as to make a qualified conclusion.

3.2.2 Aplastic anemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: Pay attention to inquire about possible causes (virus infection, taking drugs, working environment exposed to radiation, toxins or chemicals, etc.), onset time, anemia symptoms (fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, etc.), susceptibility to infection (frequent fever) and bleeding history (nosebleed, gingival bleeding, conjunctival bleeding, hematemesis, hemoptysis, hematochezia, etc.).

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to whether the skin and mucosa are pale, bleeding, ecchymosis, hematoma, fever, infection, etc.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: the main manifestation is the decrease of whole blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets). If only red blood cells decrease, it is pure red blood cell aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is characterized by positive pigment cell anemia.

Reticulocyte count: significantly reduced.

As far as the physical examination of civil servants is concerned, as long as it is found to be pancytopenia, it is concluded that it is unqualified, and it is generally unnecessary to make an etiological diagnosis of pancytopenia.

3.2.3 Megaloblastic Anemia

1) main points of medical history inquiry: whether there are common causes of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency (such as long cooking and heating time, partial eclipse, complete vegetarian diet, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, taking drugs that interfere with folic acid and vitamin B12 absorption, etc.), anemia symptoms (fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, etc.) and accompanying digestive tract symptoms (such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, etc.).

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to whether there are signs of nervous system such as pale skin and mucous membrane (same as iron deficiency anemia), atrophy or disappearance of tongue nipple, abnormal muscle strength and walking disorder.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: it is characterized by large cell anemia, and white blood cells and platelets are often reduced.

If the nature of anemia cannot be determined, further tests can be selected according to local conditions, such as the determination of serum vitamin B12, folic acid and erythrocyte folic acid, so as to establish the diagnosis and conclusion.

3.2.4 Bone marrow disease anemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is a history of primary diseases (acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, malignant histiocytosis and metastatic cancer, etc.) causing myelopathic anemia, and whether there is a history of bone pain and fracture.

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and related signs of primary diseases.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: Routine blood examination showed normal cellular anemia.

For anemia, bone pain with unexplained hepatosplenomegaly and other suspicious cases, consultation can be organized or done if necessary.

Step-by-step examination, such as whether there is bone destruction on bone X-ray film, whether there are tumor cells on bone marrow film, and whether there is hemogram of young erythrocytes, etc., to make a clear diagnosis.

3.2.5 Hemolytic anemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: intravascular hemolysis is acute, mostly serious, and rare in physical examination; If the disease is found in physical examination, it is mostly caused by chronic extravascular hemolysis, and the onset time of pallor and fatigue should be asked. Congenital patients often have the disease since childhood, and acquired patients should be asked if they have blood transfusion, taking special drugs or food and related primary diseases.

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to signs such as pale skin and mucosa, increased heart rate, yellow sclera, hepatosplenomegaly, etc.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: normal cellular anemia.

Reticulocyte count: more elevated.

Generally, anemia can be diagnosed according to the characteristics of anemia and jaundice, splenomegaly and elevated reticulocyte. Suspicious cases can be further examined, such as serum bilirubin (the characteristic of this disease is mainly indirect bilirubin increase), free hemoglobin, hemoglobinuria, hemosiderosis, etc., in order to further diagnose.

3.2.6 Polycythemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there are chronic hypoxic diseases (such as pulmonary heart disease, congenital heart disease, severe sleep apnea syndrome, etc.), plateau living history, physiological dehydration history, etc.

2) Physical examination points: pay attention to the presence of bloody appearance such as red and purple face, signs such as splenomegaly and hypertension.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: Hemoglobin ≥180 g/L, red blood cell count ≥6.0×1012/L, white blood cells and platelets are also increased.

3.2.7 Leukopenia and agranulocytosis

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is the cause of the disease (such as drugs, poisoning, infection, lack of some nutrients, etc.) and the history of secondary infection.

2) Key points of physical examination: The disease generally has no positive signs, and it is mainly diagnosed by medical history and blood test.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: The white blood cell count of routine blood examination is lower than the lower limit of reference value, and red blood cells and platelets are generally normal. According to the degree of leukopenia, the diagnosis is leukopenia or agranulocytosis.

3.2.8 Neutrophilia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: Are there any causes of neutropenia, such as acute infection, tissue necrosis, severe burns, poisoning, drug reaction, myeloproliferative diseases (chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis), and some malignant tumors.

2) Physical examination points: focus on checking whether there are related signs of primary diseases.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: The diagnosis can be made when the absolute value of neutrophils in routine blood examination is more than 7.0× 109/L..

3.2.9 Malignant lymphoma

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is a history of lymphoma in the past, and those with signs of superficial lymphadenopathy should focus on the progress of lymphadenopathy and whether there are symptoms such as pain and fever.

2) Physical examination points: whether there is superficial lymphadenopathy in the whole body, and if there is, pay attention to its hardness, activity and fusion; Whether there is hepatosplenomegaly.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: anemia and increased number of lymphocytes may occur.

Chest x-ray: the mediastinal shadow is widened and hilar lymph nodes are enlarged.

Abdominal B-ultrasound: In addition to hepatosplenomegaly, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy can be seen.

If lymph node enlargement is the main manifestation, lymph node biopsy can be taken if necessary to further confirm the diagnosis.

3.2.10 Multiple myeloma

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: The clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma are varied, and the early manifestations are mainly bone pain and easy fracture, so attention should be paid to medical history inquiry.

2) Key points of physical examination: The signs of this disease are generally not obvious, sometimes anemia can be seen, and the diagnosis mainly depends on medical history and targeted auxiliary examination.

3) Auxiliary examination points: For suspicious cases such as bone pain or pathological fracture, anemia, recurrent fever, etc., consultation or further examination can be organized when necessary, and diagnosis can be made according to whether bone X-ray film has osteolysis and bone destruction, whether bone marrow film has abnormal plasma cell increase, whether urine protein is positive, and whether plasma protein electrophoresis has M component.

3.2.11 Hypersplenism

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: Have you ever had a history of chronic hepatitis, schistosomiasis and other diseases, and pay attention to finding clues about the primary diseases.

2) Key points of physical examination: The physical examination shows splenomegaly and related signs of primary diseases.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: pancytopenia or leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Abdominal B-ultrasound showed splenomegaly.

Generally, the diagnosis can be made according to the characteristics of blood examination, B-ultrasound examination and comprehensive judgment of the primary disease.

3.2.12 Thrombocytopenia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: Do you have a history of recurrent skin and mucous membrane bleeding (such as nosebleed or gingival bleeding)?

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to the nature and location of bleeding, whether there are purpura, bleeding spots on gums, bloody blisters on oral mucosa, and whether there are swelling of liver, spleen and lymph nodes.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: When the platelet count of routine blood examination is lower than the lower limit of reference value, diagnosis can be made.

3.2.13 Thrombocytopenic Purpura

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: Do you have a history of repeated skin and mucous membrane bleeding, such as nosebleed or gingival bleeding, and do you have a family history of bleeding?

2) Physical examination points: Pay attention to whether there are purpura, bleeding spots on gums, bloody blisters on oral mucosa, and swelling of liver, spleen and lymph nodes.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: The platelet count of routine blood examination is lower than the lower limit of reference value.

It can be diagnosed if there are bleeding symptoms accompanied by thrombocytopenia.

3.2.14 Allergic Purpura

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is spontaneous skin purpura, especially recurrent skin purpura in both lower limbs, and whether the treatment of purpura can spontaneously subside; Whether there are other types of purpura related symptoms such as abdominal pain, joint pain, hematuria, etc.

2) Key points of physical examination: Purpura simplex is only manifested in the skin. Purpura is characterized by being distributed in limbs and buttocks, mostly in the extended side, mostly symmetrical, and rashes appear in batches, which can be higher than the skin with itching; Other types of purpura may show corresponding signs before or after the occurrence of cutaneous purpura. For example, abdominal purpura may have tenderness around the abdomen, joint purpura may show joint redness, tenderness and dysfunction, and renal purpura may have edema and increased blood pressure. Combined with the characteristics of purpura, it is generally easy to diagnose.

3) Auxiliary inspection points:

Blood routine: Platelet count is normal.

Urine routine: Nephrotic purpura can have microscopic hematuria and positive urine protein.

3.2.15 Hemophilia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there is a family history, whether there is a history of spontaneous bleeding of skin and mucosa or bleeding after minor injuries, or a history of menorrhagia, trauma or abnormal bleeding during surgery, etc.

2) Physical examination points: There may be signs such as joint swelling and tenderness during the attack.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: The diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on the medical history. If necessary, the diagnosis can be further made by hematological examination such as coagulation time and partial thromboplastin time.

3.2.16 Leukemia

1) Key points of medical history inquiry: whether there are related symptoms such as fever, bleeding and anemia.

2) Physical examination points: check whether there are bleeding spots and ecchymosis on the skin and mucosa, whether there is anemia, and whether there are signs such as liver, spleen, lymph node enlargement and sternal tenderness.

3) Key points of auxiliary examination: the total number of white blood cells can be increased by routine blood examination, and white blood cells at various stages can be seen by classification; Most of them are normal cell anemia.

Suspicious cases should be consulted by hematology department in time, and bone marrow examination should be made if necessary to make a clear diagnosis.

3.3 Precautions

3.3.1 There are many kinds of hematological diseases, and their clinical manifestations are varied. In the physical examination, we should ask and record the medical history in detail as far as possible (I should truthfully reflect it) in order to find clues about the primary diseases; Physical examination should be serious and comprehensive to avoid missing important signs; In addition to routine blood tests, auxiliary laboratory tests can be added when necessary. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the results of medical history inquiry, physical examination and auxiliary examination to avoid missed diagnosis as much as possible.

3.3.2 Hematological diseases are mostly systemic and refractory diseases, which have serious effects on health, so they are all treated as unqualified in principle. However, some hematological diseases, whose causes are clear (such as virus infection, drug reaction, inflammation, etc.) and easy to correct, have little impact on health (such as only causing transient slight decrease or increase of platelets or leukocytes, mild iron deficiency anemia, etc.), can quickly return to normal after eliminating the causes and can be treated as qualified.

3.3.3 The etiology of hematological diseases is complex, some of which are difficult to be clear in physical examination, and the purpose of physical examination is not to find a treatment for the cause, so we should pay attention to the diagnosis of the disease and make a conclusion on whether it is qualified or not. In addition to anemia, it is not necessary to go into the etiological diagnosis and disease name diagnosis of other blood diseases, such as thrombocytopenia and purpura, and make unqualified conclusions on this basis, without making the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and purpura.

　 　　Cctv newsAccording to the news from WeChat official account, the first half of 2024, the production of China’s electronic information manufacturing industry grew rapidly, the export rebounded and stabilized, the benefits increased steadily, the investment remained at a high speed, and the overall development of the industry was good.

　　First, the rapid growth of production

　　In the first half of the year, the added value of the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 13.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.3 and 4.6 percentage points higher than that of the industrial and high-tech manufacturing industries in the same period. In June, the added value of the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 11.3% year-on-year.

　　Figure 1 Cumulative growth rate of electronic information manufacturing and industrial added value

　　In the first half of the year, among the main products, the output of mobile phones was 752 million units, up 9.7% year-on-year, of which the output of smart phones was 563 million units, up 11.8% year-on-year; The output of microcomputers was 157 million units, a year-on-year increase of 1%; The output of integrated circuits was 207.1 billion pieces, up 28.9% year-on-year.

　　Second, the export rebounded and stabilized.

　　In the first half of the year, the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size achieved a cumulative year-on-year growth of 0.4% in export delivery value, compared with 1&mdash; It dropped by 0.3 percentage points in May. In June, the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size achieved a year-on-year decrease of 1.2% in export delivery value.

　　Figure 2 Cumulative growth rate of electronic information manufacturing and industrial export delivery value

　　According to customs statistics, in the first half of the year, China exported 68.7 million laptops, a year-on-year increase of 2.5%; 366 million mobile phones were exported, a year-on-year increase of 4.9%; 139.3 billion pieces of integrated circuits were exported, up 9.5% year-on-year.

　　Third, the benefits have grown steadily

　　In the first half of the year, the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size achieved operating income of 7.37 trillion yuan, up 8% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; It increased by 0.5 percentage points in May; Operating costs were 6.41 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.4%; Realized a total profit of 294.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24%; The profit rate of operating income is 3.99%, compared with 1-mdash; It increased by 0.7 percentage points in May. In June, the operating income of the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size was 1.41 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%.

　　Figure 3 Cumulative growth rate of operating income and total profit of electronic information manufacturing industry

　　Fourth, investment remains at a high speed

　　In the first half of the year, the investment in fixed assets of electronic information manufacturing industry increased by 15.3% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; In May, it increased by 0.5 percentage points, 2.7 percentage points and 5.2 percentage points higher than the growth rate of industrial and high-tech manufacturing investment in the same period.

　　Figure 4 Cumulative growth rate of investment in electronic information manufacturing and industrial fixed assets

　　Fifth, the regional differentiation is obvious

　　In the first half of the year, the eastern region of the above-scale electronic information manufacturing industry realized operating income of 5,172.7 billion yuan, up 11% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; It fell by 0.5 percentage points in May; The central region achieved an operating income of 1,166 billion yuan, up 8.2% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; It fell by 0.2 percentage points in May; The operating income in the western region was 982.7 billion yuan, down 4.9% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; It fell by 1.6 percentage points in May; The operating income in Northeast China reached 43.85 billion yuan, down 16% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; It increased by 5.7 percentage points in May. In June, the eastern region achieved an operating income of 1,012.2 billion yuan, up 8.9% year-on-year, and the central region achieved an operating income of 218.7 billion yuan, up 7.4% year-on-year; The operating income in the western region was 171.5 billion yuan, down 12% year-on-year; The operating income in Northeast China was 9.48 billion yuan, up 13.9% year-on-year.

　　Fig. 5 Growth of operating income of electronic information manufacturing industry by region

　　In the first half of the year, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size realized operating income of 399.1 billion yuan, up 15.4% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; In May, it dropped by 1.7 percentage points, and revenue accounted for 5.4% of the national total; The Yangtze River Delta region realized an operating income of 2,054.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.6%, compared with 1-mdash; In May, it dropped by 0.4 percentage points, and revenue accounted for 27.9% of the national total.

　　(Note: 1. Unless otherwise indicated, all the statistical data in this paper are data of the National Bureau of Statistics or calculated accordingly.

　　2. "Electronic information manufacturing industry" in this paper is the same caliber as "computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry" in the national economic industry classification. )

Price change is a phenomenon that attracts much attention in the economic field, which has a far-reaching impact on the economic situation of individuals, enterprises and even the whole country. An in-depth analysis of price changes and an understanding of the reasons behind them will help us better cope with economic changes.

First of all, demand-driven is an important factor in rising prices. When the demand for a certain commodity or service in the market increases sharply, but the supply can’t keep up with it in time, it will lead to the situation that the supply exceeds the demand, thus pushing up the price. For example, in the tourist season, hotel prices in popular tourist destinations tend to rise sharply, because the influx of a large number of tourists makes the demand for hotel rooms increase greatly, and the number of hotels is difficult to expand rapidly in a short period of time, and the imbalance between supply and demand leads to price increases.

Cost-driven is also one of the key reasons for rising prices. The cost of producing goods and providing services includes raw materials, labor, transportation and other aspects. If these costs rise, enterprises will raise the price of products or services in order to maintain a certain profit level. Take the food industry as an example. When the prices of raw materials such as grain and meat rise, the production cost of food processing enterprises will increase, which will eventually be reflected in the retail price of food.

Monetary factors can’t be ignored either. When the money supply exceeds the actual needs of the economy, it will trigger inflation and lead to a general rise in prices. To put it simply, there is more money in the market, but the quantity of goods and services does not increase correspondingly, then the currency corresponding to unit goods and services will increase, and prices will naturally rise. For example, when some countries implement loose monetary policies, they issue a large amount of money, which may lead to a continuous rise in prices.

In addition to the above main factors, there are other factors that will also affect price changes. The following is a simple comparison table of these factors:

When analyzing price changes, we can start from multiple angles. On the one hand, we can pay attention to macroeconomic data, such as consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI), which can directly reflect the overall price changes. On the other hand, it is necessary to study the supply and demand situation, cost changes and policy environment of various industries in order to grasp the trend of price changes more accurately.

In a word, price change is a complex economic phenomenon, which is influenced by many factors. Through a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of these factors, we can better understand the causes of rising prices and make reasonable economic decisions, which are of great significance to personal consumption and investment, as well as the production and operation of enterprises.