Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station’s pornographic programs have been repeatedly banned and severely punished.

    Related news:   From May 1st, the ban on overseas cartoons will be extended by one hour.    


    CCTV.com News: The news broadcast of Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station ignored the orders of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT), wantonly played up sexual life, sexual experience, sexual experience and sexual organs in several sets of radio programs, and boasted about the function of sexual drugs. Today, it was severely criticized by SARFT, and the illegal programs were stopped and cancelled.


    According to the website of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, on September 13, 2007, Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station broadcasted sexual obscenity and indecent programs on urban and economic frequencies, which was explicitly stopped by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television. On November 12th, 2007, Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station changed the name of Jin Tao’s Talk about Sex, which was stopped, to Jin Tao’s Night Talk, and was ordered by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television to investigate and deal with it again. Since mid-January, 2008, when the whole province of Guizhou is united in fighting against the snowstorm and freezing disaster, the news broadcast of Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station has continued to broadcast obscene and obscene programs that exaggerate sexual life, sexual experience, sexual experience, sexual organs and sexual medicine functions in the programs of Health Special Line and Healthy World. The informed criticism issued by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television to Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station was copied to the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and the Guizhou Provincial People’s Government.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) pointed out that since September 2007, radio, film and television administrative departments at all levels in China and radio and television broadcasters have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Central Committee, and in accordance with the unified arrangements of SARFT, seriously rectified and severely investigated pornographic and obscene programs, and achieved remarkable results, which were fully affirmed by the Central Committee and praised by the broad masses. The fact that Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station refuses to implement the provisions of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and its programs involving sexual obscenity and obscenity are repeatedly banned fully shows that Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station is indifferent in orientation and position awareness, lax in political discipline and propaganda discipline, lacking due social responsibility and professional quality, lax in rules and regulations, and weak in propaganda management, which must be dealt with seriously.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television severely criticized Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station and its principal responsible persons, and informed the whole country.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television ordered the Guizhou Provincial Radio and Television Bureau to immediately stop broadcasting and cancel the sexually obscene and obscene programs such as Health Line and Healthy World of Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station, seriously rectify Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station, severely investigate and deal with relevant personnel and persons in charge of Guizhou People’s Broadcasting Station and news broadcasting in strict accordance with relevant regulations, and report the investigation to the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television as soon as possible.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television requires that all provincial, district (city) radio, film and television bureaus should be duty-bound, strictly implement the relevant publicity management regulations of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, earnestly perform their publicity management duties, and once again conduct a comprehensive and thorough clean-up and inspection of radio and television broadcasters within their jurisdiction, especially those at prefecture (city) and county levels. It is necessary to take measures to check at all levels, implement responsibilities, and not neglect their duties, perfunctory, and whitewash. To strengthen the work of listening and watching, strict supervision and management, to prevent the resurgence of pornographic programs, and in March 10, 2008, the clean-up inspection will be reported to the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television. The administrative departments of radio, film and television at all levels and radio and television broadcasters should conscientiously organize study, convey and implement the spirit of a series of documents issued by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television on the thorough rectification of pornographic and obscene programs, strengthen the sense of orientation and position, emphasize social responsibility and post responsibility, improve the censorship system and broadcasting system, be serious about political discipline and propaganda discipline, increase supervision and investigation, and resolutely ban them to ensure the correct orientation of radio and television propaganda.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television emphasizes that radio, film and television administrative departments at all levels and radio and television broadcasters should thoroughly implement the spirit of the 17th Party Congress, vigorously publicize the socialist core value system, adhere to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, firmly grasp the correct direction of public opinion, keep in mind the social responsibility of radio and television, resolutely safeguard the good image of radio and television, always put social benefits first, advocate the concept of harmony, cultivate the spirit of harmony and build a harmonious culture.


    The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) said that it would continue to supervise and inspect the rectification of pornographic and obscene radio and television programs in various places. Anyone who refuses to implement the provisions of the General Administration will be found together and investigated together, and the mechanism of punishment, accountability and withdrawal of radio and television broadcasters will be started in accordance with relevant regulations. At the same time, the audience is welcome to report, and the telephone number of illegal programs of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television is 010-86095315; The online reporting address is http://www.chinasarft.gov.cn/. 


























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Editor: Feng Ye

Development and innovation of China’s technology trade

Text/Wang Xiaohong, Deputy Director of Information Department of China International Economic Exchange Center; Xie Lanlan, Strategy Department of China International Economic Exchange Center; Guo Xia, postdoctoral fellow, Information Department, China International Economic Exchange Center.

Technology trade can effectively combine and utilize global advanced technologies to improve innovation efficiency and reduce the cost and risk of independent research and development. It is an important way for developing countries to realize technological innovation and industrial leapfrog development, and it also runs through the whole process of China’s opening up, independent innovation and industrial development. In the early days of the founding of New China, China established a complete industrialization system with the technology import strategy as the core. Since the reform and opening up, China has actively integrated into the global industrial chain, supply chain and innovation chain, especially through large-scale technology introduction, digestion and absorption, the innovation ability has greatly jumped, and key core technologies in some fields have been obtained, which has significantly improved the industrial competitiveness and trade competitiveness, and achieved a historic leap from a technologically backward country to a world innovation power. Technology trade has played an important role in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, expanding enterprise technology accumulation, enhancing independent innovation ability and cultivating new economic kinetic energy, and has become a propeller and accelerator for building an innovative country. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in China’s technical level, especially in the core key technical fields, and the ability of independent innovation is relatively weak, so it is still very important to implement the technology trade strategy. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution are changing with each passing day, and open innovation cooperation has become an inevitable trend of global technological innovation and development. Therefore, it is of great significance to continue to play the role of technology trade in promoting independent innovation, continuously improve the quality of technology introduction and expand the scale of technology export, so as to enhance technological innovation capability, promote industrial upgrading and service trade development, and thus promote high-quality economic development.

I. Characteristics and Problems of China’s Technology Trade Development since the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China has deeply implemented the innovation-driven strategy, the technology trade has developed steadily, the structure has been continuously optimized, the scale of technology trade has continued to expand, trading partners have spread all over the world, the trade methods have become more diversified, and the market dominant position of private enterprises has been rising. However, China’s technology trade market, especially the import of core technologies, is highly dependent on developed countries, and the "shortcomings" such as small-scale export of intellectual property rights and unbalanced regional technology introduction are still outstanding.

(A) the main characteristics of China’s technology trade development since the 13th Five-Year Plan

1. Strong growth in technology exports and steady growth in imports. From 2016 to 2019, China’s technology trade volume increased from 54.228 billion US dollars to 67.338 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 7.48%, including export growth rate of 11% and import growth rate of 4.63%. In 2019, the scale of trade, export and import were 1.88 times, 12.58 times and 1.05 times that of 2011, respectively. Due to the rapid growth of export scale, the technology trade deficit decreased from $7.228 billion in 2016 to $3.064 billion.

2. Technology import is "softened", and intellectual property import becomes the main way. China’s technology import mode has changed from "hard" to "soft", which indicates that the "gold content" of technology import has been continuously improved. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of China’s technology fees to technology imports was 97.44%, 97.23% and 89.30% respectively; Among them, the import of intellectual property rights (patented technology, proprietary technology and trademark license) dominated the technology import, accounting for 65.63%, 68.46% and 60.32% respectively; Followed by technical consultation and technical services, accounting for 21.05%, 16.19% and 29.07% respectively; The third is computer software, accounting for 7.24%, 10.98% and 2.27% respectively. From a practical point of view, M&A is an important route for Chinese enterprises to acquire key core technologies in recent years. In the case of long-term technology research and development, high risk, high investment and difficulties in introducing core technologies, overseas mergers and acquisitions can effectively avoid foreign technical barriers, enable enterprises to master core technologies in a short time, and form strong technical strength and innovation ability. According to the statistics of Morning Post M&A, in recent years, obtaining technical targets is the most important goal of overseas M&A of Chinese enterprises. In 2018, the overseas advanced technology mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprises in manufacturing, TMT (technology, media and telecommunications) and medical and health industries accounted for 15.85%, 15.65% and 10.98% respectively.

3. Technology export is mainly based on technical consultation and technical services, which is the main source of surplus in technology trade. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of technical consulting and technical services in technology export was 68.20%, 62.85% and 69.33% respectively, followed by computer software export, accounting for 16.23%, 8.82% and 7.42% respectively. Technical consultation and technical services are the largest surplus items in technology trade, with the surplus of 8.251 billion US dollars, 12.428 billion US dollars and 12.047 billion US dollars in 2017-2019 respectively. Secondly, the export of computer software, with a surplus of $1.411 billion in 2019, shows that China’s export competitiveness is rising by undertaking international software and information technology outsourcing, especially the development of new generation information technology such as artificial intelligence, big data, mobile internet and cloud computing, which is promoting the transformation and upgrading of information technology service outsourcing enterprises, and its scale strength is constantly increasing.

4. The technology trade market is still dominated by foreign-funded enterprises, and domestic-funded enterprises are on the rise. Foreign-funded enterprises have always occupied an absolute dominant position in China’s technology trade. From 2017 to 2019, foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 69.10%, 72.02% and 53.10% of technology imports, and 70.29%, 60.53% and 58.75% of technology exports, respectively. It shows that foreign-funded enterprises are still the main support of China’s technology trade and the important driving force of technology innovation, and their technology spillover effect still has an important impact on China’s technology innovation ability. It also shows that China’s increasingly optimized business environment is attractive to foreign-funded high-tech enterprises. At the same time, the share of domestic-funded enterprises in technology trade has gradually increased, indicating that the endogenous power of China’s technology trade has been continuously enhanced. In 2019, the proportion of state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and private enterprises in technology imports totaled 38.25%, an increase of 13.54 percentage points compared with 24.71% in 2017; The proportion in technology exports totaled 37.19%, up 12.38 percentage points from 24.81% in 2017. And in 2018, the R&D intensity of domestic-funded enterprises was 1.3%, which was 0.3 percentage points higher than that of foreign capital, indicating that the continuous improvement of innovation ability of domestic-funded enterprises led to the growth of technology exports.

It is noteworthy that private enterprises have become an important market subject of China’s technology trade after foreign-funded enterprises. From the perspective of technology import, in recent years, private enterprises have continuously increased their efforts in technology import through transnational mergers and acquisitions, purchasing patented technology, strengthening technical cooperation with foreign enterprises and institutions, etc. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of technology import of private enterprises was 16.72%, 15.92% and 17.67% respectively, reflecting that private enterprises have achieved remarkable results in technology upgrading through technology introduction. From the perspective of technology export, private enterprises have surpassed state-owned enterprises. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of private enterprises in technology export was 15.50%, 16.78% and 15.35% respectively. The introduction of technology has promoted private enterprises to increase R&D investment. In 2018, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel and the internal expenditure of R&D funds in private enterprises accounted for one-third of all types of industrial enterprises in China, showing an increasingly strong ability to digest and absorb innovation and gradually narrowing the technological gap with multinational companies and state-owned enterprises.

The technology trade market is mainly concentrated in developed countries and regions, and the United States is still the largest trading partner. At present, China has established technical and trade ties with more than 130 countries around the world, but it is highly concentrated in the developed economies of the United States, Europe and Japan and remains basically stable. In 2019, the top ten sources of technology imports in China were the United States, Japan, Germany, Russia, Sweden, South Korea, Switzerland, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, China and Italy, accounting for 87.28% of China’s technology imports, accounting for 87.28% of China’s technology imports, of which the total technology imports from the United States, Japan and Germany accounted for 56.15%. In 2019, the top ten technology export destinations were the United States, Hong Kong, China, United Arab Emirates, Japan, Germany, Sweden, Bangladesh, Singapore, South Korea and British Virgin Islands, which accounted for 71.30% of China’s technology export. The United States has always been China’s largest technology import country and export destination country. From 2017 to 2019, China’s technology imports to the United States accounted for 33.57%, 34.74% and 24.03% respectively, and its technology exports to the United States accounted for 22.22%, 30.83% and 17.62% respectively. In 2019, both bilateral technology imports and exports fell sharply due to trade friction. It is noteworthy that the "Belt and Road" has gradually become an important emerging market for China’s technology export. Among the top ten destinations of China’s technology export in 2019, the United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh and Singapore all belong to countries along the route.

It should be emphasized that the three major economies of the United States, Europe and Japan have a high degree of overlap in China’s technology import and export market. On the one hand, it shows that the technology gap between China and developed economies is narrowing, and the technology division of labor is gradually developing from vertical division of labor to horizontal division of labor. For example, the phenomenon of patent cross-licensing between China’s information technology enterprises and multinational companies in developed countries is more and more confirmed. At the same time, we should also see that the technology trade between China and developed countries is still based on comparative advantages. China mainly imports core technologies and intellectual property rights from developed countries, while exports mainly non-core technologies such as technical consulting and services, such as professional technology, software and computer services, etc., and there are obvious gaps in technological advancement and added value. For example, China is the fourth largest importer of intellectual property rights in the world. In 2018, China’s intellectual property royalties paid to the United States accounted for 1/4 of the foreign intellectual property royalties in that year, accounting for 1/6 of the US intellectual property royalties in that year. From 2011 to 2018, the royalties paid by China to the United States increased from $3.46 billion to $8.64 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 13.97%.

6. Technology import is mainly based on manufacturing industry, and technology export is mainly based on service industry. From the perspective of technology import, transportation equipment, communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, chemical raw materials and products, general equipment, special equipment, electrical machinery and equipment, medicine and other manufacturing industries are the main industries of China’s technology import. From 2017 to 2019, the manufacturing industry accounted for 8 seats in the top ten technology import industries, and the total import value of manufacturing technology accounted for 78.28%, 76.97% and 63.85% respectively, indicating that foreign technology is still an important source for China’s manufacturing industry to acquire advanced technology and realize technology upgrading. From the perspective of technology export, the service industry is dominant. From 2017 to 2019, the top ten technology export industries include professional technology, software, research and development, computer services and other service fields, and the total proportion of technology exports in these four fields is 51.72%, 53.68% and 53.25% respectively, indicating that service exports mainly based on international service outsourcing are the main sources of technology exports. In addition, technology exports mainly involve manufacturing fields such as communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, medicine, chemical raw materials and chemicals, special equipment and transportation equipment. From 2017 to 2019, the total proportion of manufacturing technology exports was 33.61%, 17.80% and 23.78%, respectively, indicating that these fields improved their innovation ability through technology import and promoted the development of technology exports.

7. Technology-based foreign investment and utilization of foreign capital develop in both directions, and the ability to comprehensively apply domestic and foreign technology markets and resources is enhanced. In terms of foreign investment, the establishment of overseas R&D institutions and science parks is an important channel for Chinese enterprises to integrate into the global innovation chain and combine global talents, technology and information through open innovation. More and more enterprises seek technical resources for transnational mergers and acquisitions or set up overseas R&D institutions to quickly master core key technologies. According to statistics, by 2017, only high-tech zone enterprises had set up 994 overseas R&D institutions. For example, setting up R&D centers and production R&D bases overseas has become an important part of the globalization strategy of Chinese automobile enterprises. In terms of utilizing foreign capital, the relaxation of China’s foreign capital market access policy and the continuous improvement of the domestic business environment have promoted the rapid growth of high-tech foreign capital. In 2019, the absorption of foreign capital in China’s high-tech service industry increased by 44.3%, of which the absorption of foreign capital in information transmission, software and information technology services, scientific research and technology services increased by 29.4% and 68.4% respectively. The R&D investment of multinational corporations in China is increasing. At present, there are more than 2,000 regional headquarters and R&D centers invested by multinational corporations in China, including more than 1,800 foreign R&D centers recognized by the state.

(B) the main problems in the development of China’s technology trade

1. The core technology is highly dependent on developed countries, which leads to frequent economic and trade frictions.

In the past two years, the United States and other developed countries have been blocking China’s technology on the grounds of intellectual property protection and safeguarding national security, and have been launching intellectual property trade frictions, especially increasing the difficulty and cost of introducing core key technologies and cutting-edge technologies into China. In the Sino-US economic and trade friction, the scope of China’s high-tech enterprises and institutions listed by the United States on the list of export control entities is constantly expanding, and at the same time, restrictive measures such as imposing tariffs on the import of high-tech products in China are strengthened. For example, a new generation of information technology, new energy vehicles, aviation products, high-speed rail equipment, high-performance medical equipment, biomedicine, new materials, agricultural machinery and equipment and industrial robots. In addition, there are more and more obstacles for Chinese enterprises to acquire high-tech enterprises in the United States. In February 2020, the United States officially came into effect two laws and regulations to reform the national security review system for foreign investment and strictly control the loss of intellectual property rights of key technologies. Japan is also considering the scope of high-tech export control, focusing on the next generation technology used in artificial intelligence and robots.

2. The export scale of intellectual property rights does not match China’s status as an innovative power.

China has become one of the largest intellectual property countries in the world. By 2019, the number of domestic invention patents was 1.862 million, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population was 13.3. According to the statistics of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in 2019, China has ranked first in the number of patent applications in the world for nine consecutive years, and the number of international patent applications has surpassed that of the United States for the first time, ranking first in the world. However, the situation of more peripheral patents and fewer core patents has led to the small-scale export of intellectual property rights in China, but it has to pay a high amount of intellectual property royalties. From 2017 to 2019, China’s intellectual property exports accounted for 11.56%, 15.60% and 11.35% of technology exports, while intellectual property imports accounted for 65.63%, 68.46% and 60.32% of technology imports in the same period, with trade deficits as high as $18.246 billion, $18.271 billion and $17.584 billion respectively. On the one hand, it shows that developed economies still occupy the dominant position in global technological innovation, on the other hand, it also reflects that China has not paid enough attention to the export strategy of intellectual property rights.

3. The regional distribution of technology introduction is seriously unbalanced.

There is a positive relationship between the difference of regional technology trade level and the level of economic development in China. Due to the high level of economic development in the eastern region, the advantages of high-tech industries are obvious, and technology trade also has an absolute advantage. In 2018, the proportion of technology imports in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions was 64.53%, 8.79%, 19.40% and 7.28% respectively. The unbalanced spatial distribution of technology introduction means the gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions in terms of new technology acquisition, digestion, absorption and industrial application, which is bound to further widen the gap in technological innovation between regions, thus affecting the ability of central and western regions to undertake industrial transfer and independent innovation.

4. There is still much room for improvement in technology introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of domestic enterprises.

The technology introduction of domestic enterprises has always been lower than that of foreign-funded enterprises. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of domestic-funded enterprises ③ technology import was 30.9%, 27.98% and 46.9% respectively. This situation may bring some negative effects. For example, some foreign-funded enterprises control technology for the sake of maintaining and consolidating the competitive position in the market, and only transfer it within the company, thus reducing the technology spillover effect. At the same time, the digestion, absorption and re-innovation ability of domestic-funded enterprises is about 1 times lower than that of foreign-funded enterprises. In 2018, the average R&D investment expenditure of industrial enterprises was 3,106,100 yuan for domestic enterprises and 6,231,300 yuan for foreign-funded enterprises; The average full-time equivalent of R&D personnel is 7.04 person/year for domestic-funded enterprises and 13.42 person/year for foreign-funded enterprises. Therefore, domestic-funded enterprises should increase the intensity of technology introduction, and at the same time accelerate technology transformation and enhance innovation ability by increasing R&D investment and improving R&D efficiency.

Second, technology trade promotes China’s technological innovation capability and industrial competitiveness.

Through the practice of Chinese enterprises, the mutual promotion relationship between technology trade, technology innovation and industrial competitiveness can be confirmed. Enterprises have the basis of imitation and innovation by introducing technology. In order to achieve digestion, absorption and innovation in a short period of time, they usually increase investment in R&D, accumulate technology stock in R&D, and enhance their technological innovation ability. At the same time, new technologies have also intensified competition in the domestic market, stimulated enterprises that have not introduced technology to increase investment in research and development, and promoted the overall technological capability of the industry, thus promoting industrial upgrading and competitiveness.

(A) technology trade to promote China’s technological innovation ability.

In July 2019, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) released the Global Innovation Index Report for 2019, which showed that China ranked 14th among 129 economies, and was the only country among middle-income economies to enter the top 30, showing its outstanding innovation strength in patents, industrial designs, the number of trademarks, the export of high-tech and creative products. In 2019, the number of international patent applications in China increased by 11% to 58,990, surpassing the United States for the first time, and the level of innovation investment in China is far lower than that of high-income economies such as the United States, Germany, Britain, Finland and Israel, which is closely related to the way of introducing digestion, absorption and innovation. This paper analyzes the top ten industries of China’s technology import from 2017 to 2019, including eight types of manufacturing. It can be seen that both traditional manufacturing and emerging industries have a consistent dynamic innovation path, that is, technology introduction → increased R&D investment → improved technical level → improved innovation ability.

1. Enterprise technology import has obvious positive effect on the growth of R&D investment.

From the R&D expenditure from 2012 to 2018, it can be found that these eight types of manufacturing industries have maintained steady growth year by year. After 2014, the R&D expenditures of eight types of manufacturing industries all exceeded 10 billion yuan. In 2018, except for the food manufacturing industry, the R&D expenditures of the other seven manufacturing industries all exceeded 40 billion yuan, followed by the communications equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industries, with R&D expenditures reaching 227.99 billion yuan and 132.01 billion yuan respectively, accounting for 18.2% and 10.6% of the R&D expenditures of all manufacturing industries in that year. From 2012 to 2018, the investment intensity of R&D funds in eight types of manufacturing industries generally increased, indicating that the introduction of technology directly or indirectly stimulated enterprises to carry out technological innovation. Among the eight types of manufacturing industries, the top two enterprises’ R&D expenditure intensities in 2018 were transportation equipment and special equipment manufacturing, which reached 3.38% and 2.43% respectively, increasing by 1.2 percentage points and 0.95 percentage points respectively compared with 2012. In 2018, except for the food manufacturing industry, the investment level of R&D funds in the other seven types of manufacturing industries exceeded the average level of industrial enterprises and all manufacturing industries in that year.

2. Enterprise technology introduction has obvious positive effect on promoting the growth of invention patents.

Invention patent is the core index to measure technological innovation ability. From 2012 to 2018, the number of effective invention patents in eight manufacturing industries showed a significant increase. Among them, communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries had the largest number of effective invention patents, followed by electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industries. During the period from 2012 to 2018, the total number of invention patents accounted for about 40% of the regulated industrial enterprises. In 2018, the number of valid invention patents in eight manufacturing industries increased significantly, including 300,369 in communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing, 136,014 in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, and 97,839 in special equipment manufacturing, which were 3.6 times, 4.3 times and 4.5 times respectively in 2012. There are 78,731 general equipment manufacturing industries, 61,451 chemical raw materials and products manufacturing industries and 45,766 pharmaceutical manufacturing industries, which are 3.4 times, 3.7 times and 3 times that of 2012 respectively; There are 33,164 transportation equipment manufacturing industries and 10,906 food manufacturing industries, which are 5 times and 4.6 times that of 2012 respectively.

From the three traditional manufacturing fields of transportation equipment, medicine and food. Since 2001, the number of patent applications and authorizations for three types of manufacturing industries has increased rapidly. Among them, the number of invention patent applications increased from 917, 4,060 and 984 in 2001 to 69,516, 69,785 and 39,215 in 2019 respectively; In 2001, the number of invention patents granted to the three types of manufacturing industries was zero, and it increased to 20,427, 21,072 and 5,716 respectively in 2019. The average growth rates from 2002 to 2019 were 65.2%, 41.6% and 33% respectively. In 2019, the number of invention patents granted in the transportation equipment manufacturing industry was equivalent to 4.7 times in 2010 and 5,106.8 times in 2002; The number of invention patents granted in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is equivalent to 2.1 times in 2010 and 369.7 times in 2002; The number of invention patents granted in food manufacturing industry is equivalent to 2.3 times in 2010 and 127 times in 2002. It can be seen that the three types of traditional manufacturing industries have successfully achieved digestion and absorption through technology introduction, and their independent innovation ability has been greatly improved.

From the telecom, radio and television satellite transmission services and computer software two information technology services. From 2001 to 2019, the number of invention patent applications in telecommunications, radio and television satellite transmission services increased from 1,176 to 23,620, with an average annual growth rate of 18.1%; The number of invention patents granted has increased from 0 to 11,521, with an average growth rate of 73.3% from 2002 to 2019. The number of invention patents granted in 2019 is equivalent to 1.7 times that in 2010 and 11,521 times that in 2002. From 2001 to 2019, the number of computer software copyright registrations in China increased rapidly, with only 6,948 in 2001, 81,900 in 2010 and 1,484,400 in 2019, with an average growth rate of 34.7% from 2001 to 2019. The number of registrations in 2019 was equivalent to 18.1 times that in 2010 and 213.7 times that in 2001.

3. Enterprise technology introduction has obvious positive effect on promoting overseas patent growth.

From the perspective of food chemistry, medicine and computer technology industries, the number of overseas patents granted in the three industries increased significantly from 2003 to 2018, from 4, 37 and 27 in 2003 to 87, 764 and 3553 in 2018, with the average annual growth rates of 22.8%, 22.4% and 38.4% respectively. Among them, the number of overseas patents granted for computer technology in 2018 was equivalent to 7 times in 2010 and 131.6 times in 2003; The number of overseas patents granted for food chemical technology is equivalent to 8.7 times in 2010 and 21.8 times in 2003; The number of overseas patents granted for medical technology is equivalent to 4.6 times in 2010 and 20.6 times in 2003.

From the perspective of digital communication industry, the number of overseas patents granted in China’s digital communication industry increased from 1 to 475 from 2000 to 2010, with an average annual growth rate of 85.2%, but the absolute number was lower than that of the United States (4,368), Japan (2,747), South Korea (1,437), France (853), Germany (921) and Sweden. Since 2011, the scale of patent authorization in China’s digital communication industry has increased significantly. From 2011 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of China’s overseas patent grants was 33.8%, while the average annual growth rates of France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Sweden and the United States were 5.4%, 5%, 4.8%, 15.8%, 15.8% and 8.2% respectively. In 2018, the number of overseas patents granted in China’s digital communication industry was 5,148, equivalent to 10.8 times that in 2010, and it has surpassed France (1,400), Germany (1,225), Japan (4,517), South Korea (4,867) and Sweden (2,843), second only to the United States (8,943).

(B) technology trade to promote industrial export competitiveness.

1. Technology introduction has promoted the growth of product export scale.

From the perspective of eight manufacturing industries in the top ten industries of technology introduction, according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2003 to 2019, the total proportion of eight manufacturing industries in export delivery value increased from 51% to 70% in export delivery value. From 2003 to 2019, the average annual growth rate of export delivery value, a listed industrial enterprise in China, was 9.82%, while among the eight manufacturing industries, except transportation equipment manufacturing (4.88%), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing (9.81%), the average annual growth rate of export delivery value in the other six manufacturing industries was higher than the average. Special equipment manufacturing (15.65%), communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing (12.71%), general equipment manufacturing (12.52%), electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing (11.69%), pharmaceutical manufacturing (10.18%) and food manufacturing (9.92%) in turn. From the perspective of export delivery value, in 2019, communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry (5605.38 billion yuan), electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry (1143.9 billion yuan) and general equipment manufacturing industry (547.7 billion yuan) ranked in the top three, equivalent to 1.5 times, 1.2 times and 1.4 times that of 2011 respectively, equivalent to 6.8 times and 5 times that of 2003. Special equipment manufacturing industry (346.09 billion yuan), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry (380.2 billion yuan), equivalent to 1.5 times and 1.1 times respectively in 2011.10.2 times and 4.5 times that of 2003; The transportation equipment manufacturing industry (200.48 billion yuan), pharmaceutical manufacturing industry (141.63 billion yuan) and food manufacturing industry (109.8 billion yuan) are equivalent to 0.3 times, 1.4 times and 1.3 times in 2011 and 2.1 times, 4.7 times and 4.5 times in 2003 respectively.

2. Technology introduction promotes the export growth of high-tech products.

From the perspective of China’s high-tech products trade, the scale of import and export of high-tech products has generally maintained a synchronous growth trend from 2001 to 2019. Since 2004, the export volume of high-tech products has exceeded the import volume. In 2019, the export volume of high-tech products reached 730.75 billion US dollars, equivalent to 1.5 times that of 2010 and 15.7 times that of 2001. There is a "same frequency resonance" effect between the export and import of high-tech products. That is, the higher the export/import ratio of high-tech products, the greater the driving effect of imports on exports. Since 2005, the export/import ratio of high-tech products in China has been above 1.10, reaching 1.20 in 2008, 2009 and 2014, and 1.15 in 2019. Among them, the export/import ratio of high-tech products in the field of computer and communication technology is the highest, increasing from 2.94 in 2005 to 4.02 in 2019.

From the main business income and new product export of electronic and communication equipment and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Technology introduction has promoted the industrial scale and export competitiveness. From 2000 to 2018, China’s technology import fees for electronic and communication equipment and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry totaled 121.79 billion yuan and 9.52 billion yuan respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the main business income of China’s electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry increased from 587.12 billion yuan and 162.75 billion yuan to 9,863.4 billion yuan and 2,391.8 billion yuan respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 17% and 16.1% respectively; The export sales revenue of new products increased from 39.9 billion yuan and 1.52 billion yuan to 1,523 billion yuan and 48.72 billion yuan respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 22.4% and 21.2% respectively. In 2018, the main business income of electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry was equivalent to 2.7 times that of 2010 and 16.8 times that of 2000 respectively; The income from the main business of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is equivalent to 1.7 times in 2010 and 14.7 times in 2000. In 2018, the export sales revenue of new products of electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry was equivalent to 3.6 times that of 2010 and 38.2 times that of 2000 respectively; The export sales revenue of new products in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is equivalent to 2.7 times in 2010 and 32.1 times in 2000 respectively. At present, China has become the global manufacturing center of consumer electronic products, in which mobile phones and computers account for more than 90% of the global total output.In 2018, the revenue of communication system equipment manufacturing industry increased by 14.6% year-on-year, 15.7 percentage points higher than the global growth rate, and the sales of integrated circuits increased by 20.7% year-on-year, 4.8 percentage points higher than the global growth rate.

Third, the development prospect of China’s technology trade

With China’s continuous opening to the outside world, the ability of independent innovation has been continuously enhanced, and the development prospect of technology trade has become broader and broader.

(A) technological innovation and industrial upgrading requirements will promote the quality of technology trade.

From the perspective of innovation investment, China’s R&D investment intensity has increased from 0.6% in 1996 to 2.2% in 2019. Although it is still lower than the technology and trade powers such as the United States, Japan and Germany, it is higher than the average level of developed countries such as Britain and Italy and the European Union. From the perspective of innovation output, China ranks second in the world in terms of the total number of international scientific and technological papers and the number of citations, and ranks first in the world in terms of the number of invention patent applications and authorizations. Many new technologies, new materials, core components and major equipment have come from scratch, and a series of major breakthroughs have been achieved in strategic emerging industries and cutting-edge technologies, such as high-speed rail equipment, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, quantum computing and other technologies. In recent years, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, represented by a new generation of information technology, new energy, new materials and life sciences, has flourished around the world. Among them, digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, virtual reality, quantum computing, and 5G have become the most active areas of technological innovation and industrial transformation. The maturity and large-scale industrial application of these new technologies will continue to spawn new products, new models and new formats, and promote manufacturing and industry. In particular, the accelerated growth of new economic kinetic energy will promote the continuous expansion of technology import and export scale, the continuous improvement of the quality and level of technology import, and accelerate the development of technology export.

(B) "market for technology" and "technology for technology" two-wheel drive will expand the space for technology import.

On the one hand, the space of "market for technology" is getting wider and wider. China has the advantage of super-large-scale market in the world, which will provide industrialized and large-scale space for advanced technologies of all countries in the world, and has the ability to incubate and cultivate new global technologies, providing the basic conditions for "market for technology". The impact of the global COVID-19 epidemic has led to a sharp decline in the international market, accelerating the localization and regionalization of the global industrial chain and supply chain layout. To this end, according to the major changes in China’s development stage and international environment, the CPC Central Committee has put forward a new development pattern in which the domestic big cycle is the mainstay and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other. Under the new development pattern of "double circulation", the continuous release of domestic demand and the upgrading of the level will amplify the advantages of the domestic market and become an important support for the growth of technology imports. In 2019, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China was 41.2 trillion yuan, the per capita disposable income of residents was 30,733 yuan, the consumption tendency was as high as 70%, and the middle class was about 300 million. In 2019, the contribution rate of China’s consumption to economic growth was 57.8%, far below the level of more than 80% in developed countries, which means that consumption still has growth potential. On the other hand, the potential of "technology for technology" is growing. In the past, due to China’s backward technology, it mainly used the advanced technology of developed countries, and formed an obvious vertical division of labor with developed countries in the level of technical division of labor. As China has become a big country in technological innovation, its technological scale and strength have been significantly enhanced, and it has a number of international advanced technologies and a number of high-tech enterprises, and has formed international leading technologies in some fields.The pattern of technology division of labor with developed countries is constantly developing in the direction of horizontal division of labor, thus laying the foundation for new technology import modes such as patent cross-licensing.

(C) open cooperation, innovation and accelerated development will promote the diversification of technology import methods.

With the rapid development of the new scientific and technological revolution, the technical complexity is getting higher and higher, global innovation has entered the era of high-intensity research and development, and the networking of technological innovation has become increasingly obvious, and open cooperation and innovation have become the development trend. With the acceleration of China’s industrial upgrading process, the demand for high-tech will be further improved, and the global allocation of technical elements will be more diversified. In recent years, more and more scientific and technological enterprises in China have acquired key core technologies and jointly developed world-leading technologies through cross-border mergers and acquisitions, cross-border strategic alliances, overseas R&D centers, joint ventures and cross-shareholdings. However, with the strict review system of foreign technology mergers and acquisitions in developed economies such as the United States and the European Union, it will be more difficult for Chinese enterprises to acquire advanced technology through international mergers and acquisitions, and they may be more dependent on other open, cooperative and innovative models. In addition, the flow of leading talents in scientific research has become an important carrier of the flow of technological elements and will become an important mode of technology introduction in China in the future. With the increasingly optimized technological innovation environment in China, the transnational mobility of scientific and technological personnel has been significantly improved, playing an increasingly important role in the introduction of advanced technologies.

(D) changes in the pattern of technological globalization will promote the diversification of China’s technology market sources.

On the one hand, the pattern of scientific and technological globalization is undergoing profound changes. Although the multinational companies in developed countries continue to maintain their technological leading edge, as emerging economies and developing countries continue to open wider to the outside world, accelerate technological accumulation, and promote global technological innovation, the globalization of technological innovation presents a new feature of the parallel development of developed and developing countries, and the comparison of global technological forces has quietly changed, and a new map of innovation activities has gradually taken shape. In 2019, there were 11 emerging economies and developing countries in the top 50 countries of global innovation. In the next 20 years, with the rise of emerging economies and developing countries, the technological innovation ability will be continuously enhanced, which will provide more channels for China’s technology import sources. On the other hand, the technical blockade and containment of China by the United States has become the core content of strategic competition, which has also prompted China to carry out innovative cooperation with technologically advanced economies such as the European Union, Japan and Israel. Hierarchically, in 2019, the European Union replaced the United States as the largest source of technology imports, accounting for more than 30%, and Japan accounted for nearly 19%. Together, they accounted for half of technology imports and may continue to expand in the future. Secondly, Israel has world-leading technologies in life sciences, mobile communication and Internet, technology and finance, artificial intelligence and robotics, automation, industrial applications, clean energy, etc., and there is great room for technical cooperation with China. Thirdly, there is great potential to strengthen technical cooperation with Russia and other BRICS countries and introduce advanced and applicable technologies. For example,Russia has maintained the international advanced level in military industry, nuclear power, aerospace, artificial intelligence and basic research, and bilateral friendly relations have provided a favorable environment for technological innovation cooperation. In 2019, the contract value of China’s technology import from Russia increased by nearly 18 times, from the 19th place in 2018 to the fourth largest source of technology import.

(V) Countries along the Belt and Road will become emerging markets for technology export.

Most of the countries along the "Belt and Road" are developing countries, providing China with a broad technology export market. With the continuous strengthening of China’s interconnection with countries along the route, the technology trade volume between China and countries along the route will also increase. In 2019, my technology export contracts with countries along the route reached US$ 7.71 billion, up 41.8% year-on-year, exceeding the overall growth rate of technology exports by 27.2 percentage points. In 2019, China’s technology export contracts with UAE reached US$ 2.44 billion, up 33 times year-on-year, making it the third largest destination for technology exports, and its technology exports with Bangladesh reached US$ 1.45 billion, up 2.1 times year-on-year. It is foreseeable that countries along the Belt and Road will become important emerging markets for China’s technology export. At present, the main fields of China’s technology export to countries along the route are concentrated in traditional industries such as agriculture, textiles, ships and automobiles. In the future, the fields of technology export will be further expanded, especially the advantageous fields such as information and communication technology, electronic equipment and service outsourcing will become important fields of technology export.

Four, to promote the high-quality development of China’s technology trade policy recommendations

At present, digital technology is leading the in-depth development of scientific and technological globalization, the barriers to the cross-border flow of technological elements are lowered, a large number of new technological achievements are emerging, and the global technology trade space is broader. The technology trade strategy of open cooperation is still an inevitable choice for China to enhance its technological innovation ability and promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and it is also an important way to break through the bottleneck of core key technologies. It is necessary to adhere to the combination of independent research and development of the advantages of the new national system and the active and promising technology introduction strategy, and "promote advantages, make up shortcomings, and build spare tires" to promote China’s independent innovation capability to a new level.

(1) Layout innovation chain based on industrial chain, supply chain and value chain, and build a mutually beneficial and win-win open innovation cooperation system.

Under the background of open economy with closely related global industries and highly complex technologies, it is difficult for any country to realize closed innovation. The interdependence between global industrial chain and supply chain is an important foundation and prerequisite for open cooperative innovation. For example, in May 2020, the US Department of Commerce allowed American companies to cooperate with Huawei to formulate 5G network standards, which objectively formed a win-win situation. Due to Huawei’s position and influence in the 5G industrial chain, American companies can’t bypass Huawei to participate in the formulation of 5G standards. The U.S. government’s crackdown on Huawei actually restricts domestic companies’ participation in the formulation of 5G standards, so they have to relax the cooperation between domestic companies and Huawei in the formulation of standards. For Huawei, the participation of the United States in the formulation of 5G standards can bring greater value to international standards. If it does not cooperate, it will cause harm to 5G standards and it will also be unfavorable to Huawei. With the accumulation of technology and the enhancement of independent research and development capability in China, technology introduction will focus more on cutting-edge technologies. With the intensification of technology competition and blockade in the big country game, the difficulty coefficient of direct purchase is increasing. Therefore, relying on the industrial chain and supply chain, we should explore new mechanisms of technical cooperation with developed economies such as the European Union, the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom, and change from the one-way traditional mode of introduction-imitation-learning to the two-way interactive innovation mode of co-creation, sharing and win-win. In addition, we should actively expand technical and trade cooperation with other countries. For example, the content of technology trade should be added in FTA negotiations, a bilateral technical cooperation framework should be signed, and in-depth cooperation should be carried out in technology research and development, technology transfer or licensing, technical consultation and services.

(2) Give full play to the advantages of being a big intellectual property country and improve the level of intellectual property trade.

Strengthening the export of intellectual property rights can not only expand the scale of service export, but also effectively promote product export. It is estimated that every $100 million of patented technology transferred from developed countries can drive the sales of complete sets of equipment and ancillary products of about $5 billion. To this end, we must vigorously implement the export strategy of intellectual property rights. We should pay attention to the cultivation of full value chain services from the creation, application and transformation of intellectual property rights, operational services to intellectual property protection. With the "softening" trend of technology trade, the technical competition among countries is increasingly reflected in the strategic competition of intellectual property rights. China should pay attention to using patent strategy to expand the export market of intellectual property rights and promote the upgrading of technology export structure. Encourage technology export enterprises to attach importance to the cultivation of intellectual property competitiveness, scientifically evaluate the value of intellectual property rights, realize the interactive development of innovation, industrial upgrading and intellectual property management, vigorously cultivate brand enterprises with independent intellectual property rights, and expand the export scale of intellectual property rights such as patents and proprietary technologies. Encourage enterprises to implement the patent network strategy to speed up the layout of overseas intellectual property rights, improve overseas intellectual property protection institutions, provide convenience for enterprises to obtain overseas patents and safeguard their rights, and help enterprises cope with overseas intellectual property risks. Second, we should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and optimize the technology transfer environment. China has established relatively perfect laws and regulations on intellectual property protection, and should constantly improve the early warning, supervision and law enforcement system, respond to the concerns of technical cooperation countries and multinational companies in China in a timely manner, severely crack down on infringement and illegal acts according to law, and earnestly safeguard the intellectual property rights interests of foreign-funded enterprises.Improve the intellectual property cooperation mechanism with major trading partners such as the United States, the European Union and Japan, and strengthen cooperation in intellectual property arbitration and dispute settlement. Third, we should advocate qualified enterprises and multinational companies to use patent cross-licensing. By signing patent cross-licensing with competitors, it is conducive to integrating technological advantages, eliminating intellectual property obstacles in opening up the international market, avoiding infringement litigation disputes and reducing transaction costs.

(3) Vigorously attract overseas leading talents and promote the global advanced technology transfer.

Overseas leading talents are the key elements of technology transfer. Local governments should be encouraged to increase efforts to attract overseas students to return home and overseas senior talents to work in China, and make specific arrangements on how to support studying abroad, encourage returning home and come and go freely. We will attract overseas high-tech talents through various ways, such as scientific research funding subsidies, wages and salaries, tax concessions, and stock option incentives, and increase policy support in housing placement, children’s schooling, household registration, and entry and exit convenience, so as to create good conditions for them to live and work in peace and contentment. Combine talent introduction with career development organically, so that talents can not only be attracted, but also retained, so that they can have space for innovation, platform for entrepreneurship and development, and create a group of overseas leading talents standing at the forefront of world science and technology.

(D) to further improve the technology trade platform, strengthen the construction of policy support system.

Relying on major international exhibitions such as Service Trade Fair, China International Import Expo(CIIE) and Hi-Tech Fair, we will provide enterprises with more opportunities for technical trade and international technical cooperation and exchange. Explore the establishment of technology trade markets in pilot free trade zones such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi ‘an and Nanning. Increase subsidies and tax incentives for R&D investment of enterprises, and provide more convenient qualification certification and application process. Increase support for technology export enterprises, reduce financing costs and guarantee requirements, reward software projects that help domestic enterprises to provide mature software solutions and technical support overseas, and support their product development and localization applications. Allocate special funds to support the development of technology trade in the service trade innovation and development guidance fund, and encourage local governments to set up matching funds for technology trade.

(5) Comply with the changing trend of global technical trade rules and actively participate in the construction of international technical trade rules and standards.

First, we should actively study the latest progress and trends of multilateral and bilateral trade systems and regional technical trade agreements. Advocate the theme of "development" in the WTO and oppose all forms of protectionism. At the same time, we should avoid western countries from forming a rule-making circle in digital technology to exclude China. For example, China’s digital governance models are different from those of the United States and the European Union, and there is a strong geostrategic and mode confrontation among the three models, which is difficult to unify and be compatible, so it is necessary to establish a dialogue mechanism. Second, we should advocate the principle of neutrality in the formulation of international standards related to technology trade, which is not affected by political factors in various countries, so that international standards can be widely and unanimously supported and maintain their strong vitality. Third, it is necessary to establish a mechanism with enterprises as the main body and relevant organizations participating in coordination, so as to promote China’s technical standards with advantages and characteristics to become international standards. Deepen standardization cooperation with the focus on countries along the "Belt and Road", promote mutual recognition of standards between China and countries along the route, and improve the right to speak on technical trade rules. Fourth, we should attach importance to the training of technical trade negotiators, especially professionals who are proficient in international rules of technical trade and foreign-related technical trade litigation and negotiation, and encourage them to participate in the formulation of international rules and standards in relevant international organizations.

(6) Deepen the reform of the technology trade management system and consolidate the technology innovation system combining Industry-University-Research and China.

Accelerate the transformation of government management functions, pay more attention to the role of market mechanism in the institutional supply of technological innovation, pay attention to the market-oriented allocation of innovative elements, and give play to the main role of various enterprises. Smooth the collaborative innovation mechanism between enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions and users, promote the coordinated development of large, medium, small and micro enterprises in innovation chain, improve various technical exchange and cooperation platforms, and strengthen the construction of various industrial innovation alliances.

As the Spring Festival approaches, the taste of the year is getting stronger all over the country, and the sales of new year goods are getting stronger.

CCTV News:With the approach of the Spring Festival, the flavor of the year is getting stronger all over the country, and the sales of traditional handicrafts such as lanterns and Spring Festival couplets and new year goods such as bacon are booming.

These days, the streets and alleys of Suining, Sichuan are covered with red lanterns, and there is a festive and lively atmosphere everywhere. Some urban landscapes with red, yellow and green as the main colors at intersections have also appeared one by one.

In the market, decorations such as red Spring Festival couplets, various blessings and Chinese knots are dazzling, and many window grilles, pillows and red envelopes with tiger characters and tiger patterns are also very popular. In addition to traditional holiday supplies, flowers have also become the choice of many citizens. Adding some auspicious flowers to the family not only brings a good mood for the new year, but also dresses up the festive atmosphere.

In Sinan, Guizhou, Tujia bacon such as sausage is popular in the market.

Due to the epidemic, many Sinan people who are away from home choose to celebrate the New Year on the spot, and buying local new year’s goods through the Internet has become their first choice to feel the taste of their hometown. Sinan Tujia preserved meat has a long history. It enters the twelfth lunar month every year, and the preserved meat is fragrant everywhere in Sinan urban and rural areas. People cut pork into strips and chunks when making preserved meat, and pickled it with more than 10 seasonings such as pepper, pepper and star anise for 5-mdash; After 7 days, it was baked with smoke and charcoal fire.

In Nanning, Guangxi, on the eve of the Spring Festival every year, festive New Year’s Eve flowers are an essential new year’s goods in many citizens’ shopping lists.

As the Spring Festival approaches, the sales of handicrafts symbolizing festive atmosphere in Gaoping, Shanxi are hot. In the manual lantern production workshop, workers step up the production of various lanterns, with a clear division of labor in painting, pasting and assembly. It takes at least one day to make an ordinary lantern. Handmade workers integrate modern aesthetics on the basis of traditional handicrafts, and social fire props such as dragon dance, lion dance, dry boat and Jiulian lantern create a strong auspicious and festive flavor.

Puyang Pentium pony is on sale! The lowest price is 19,900, which is very good today.

Welcome to [car home Puyang Preferential Promotion Channel] to bring you the latest auto market trends. At present, high-profileBenteng ponyThe model is having a grand preferential activity in Puyang area. Car buyers are blessed, because this model has provided a cash profit of up to 0.5 million yuan at the moment, and the minimum starting price has been as low as 19,900 yuan. This is a good opportunity to buy a car. If you want to know more specific car information and preferential policies, just click "Check the car price" in the quotation form, so that we can grasp this attractive preferential moment together and strive for higher car purchase discounts.

濮阳奔腾小马正在优惠!最低售价1.99万,今日钜惠

濮阳奔腾小马正在优惠!最低售价1.99万,今日钜惠

With its well-designed profile, Pentium pony shows a unique sense of movement and stability. The body size is 3000mm*1510mm*1630mm, and the wheelbase is 1953mm, which ensures spacious interior space and good driving stability. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1290mm, which provides a balanced handling performance for the vehicle. It is worth mentioning that it is equipped with 145/70 R12 tires, with simple and fashionable rim design, which not only improves the overall visual effect, but also provides a comfortable driving experience for drivers.

濮阳奔腾小马正在优惠!最低售价1.99万,今日钜惠

The interior design of Pentium pony fully embodies the simple and practical style. The steering wheel is made of plastic, which is not full of advanced feeling, but it ensures the portability and durability of operation. The center console is equipped with a concise control panel, integrated with an easy-to-operate multimedia screen, and provided with USB interfaces, including one in the front row, which is convenient for drivers and passengers to connect electronic devices. The seat is made of fabric, which makes it comfortable to sit. The main seat supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, and the co-pilot seat is also equipped with front and rear and backrest adjustment functions to meet the needs of different drivers. The rear seats support the proportional tilting, which provides greater flexibility for the interior space, and is convenient for loading goods or meeting the needs of family travel. On the whole, the interior design of Pentium pony pays attention to practicality and humanized configuration.

For the Pentium Pony, the engine is excellent in power performance, and the maximum power reaches 20 kW, which provides strong power support for the vehicle. At the same time, its torque output is 85 Nm, which can ensure smooth and flexible handling during daily driving and light load. This configuration ensures that the Pentium pony meets the driver’s needs while taking into account fuel economy and driving pleasure.

In the eyes of car home car owners, the uniqueness of Pentium pony lies in its unique appearance design, especially the eye-catching headlights and unique rear window shape. Although some people may question its face value, for Zhan Wang, these characteristics are the reason why he chose Pentium pony. They not only make the vehicle stand out among many models, but also enhance the driver’s self-expression. Generally speaking, with its unique charm, Pentium Pony won the recognition of the owner @ Call Me Work Soul Warrior.

Sports Network | Messi celebrates the 500-win milestone with two goals, and Cristiano Ronaldo also has zombie fans.

Messi wrote his own legend in Barcelona.

In the early morning of January 31st, Beijing time, Barcelona beat Leganés 5-0 in the fourth round of the King’s Cup, and Messi scored twice for his 500th victory in Barcelona. The team’s full firepower seemed to send a signal to the outside world: even if no striker was introduced in the winter window, Barcelona could still score.

When Messi came out of power, his old rival Cristiano Ronaldo had to face embarrassment. According to a online celebrity analysis website, although there are as many as 200 million Portuguese social network fans, as many as 25% of them belong to "zombie fans".

Before the winter transfer in Europe was closed, some important players decided on their next homes one after another, including Manchester United official bruno fernandez, whose highest transfer price is expected to reach 80 million euros. In addition, Paco’s joining Villarreal also broke the transfer record in team history.

Messi has left more and more names on Barcelona’s record list.

King’s Cup Barcelona 5-0, Messi 500 wins milestone?

In the early morning of 31st, the fourth round of the Spanish King’s Cup in 2019-2020 was contested at Camp Nou. Barcelona beat Leganés 5-0 at home and Messi scored twice.

In the face of Leganés, who ranked second to last in the league, Barcelona fought a bloody battle. Gleizman, Langlais and Artur all scored goals. Messi himself scored two goals in the 59th and 89th minutes. Although the victory was easy, it was a milestone for Messi. This victory was his 500th victory for Barcelona. Since winning for Barcelona for the first time on October 16th, 2004, Messi has never stopped.

Messi has won the most games in the history of Barcelona, followed by Harvey, with 476 games. In addition, Messi has won 86 teams, including as many as 29 victories against Seville.

In this campaign, Setien, the coach of Barcelona, changed his formation back to 433, which Barcelona used to be used to. After the game, the new coach also gave an answer to the lack of signings in Barcelona’s winter window. "Dembele will be back soon in these weeks. He has special abilities and we will try our best to let him find his best state. (Not signing) Maybe there will be some risks when a player is injured, but I believe in my players."

Interestingly, L ‘Equipe revealed that Bakambu, a foreign aid who played for Beijing Guoan, had already entered Barcelona’s signing list. Guoan even received an offer from Barcelona, and Guoan, who was preparing for the pre-season in South Korea, decided to release him. The problem was that when Bakambu arrived in Hong Kong to transfer to Spain, he received a phone call from Abidar, director of Barcelona, and was told that Barcelona finally decided to withdraw his offer, so the player had to fly back to South Korea. Afterwards, Bakambu posted a passage on social media, in which he said with a little ridicule, "Please add’ Almost Joining Barcelona’ to my transfer history in Transfer Market. No matter what happens, I believe in the fate process, thank God. Gleizman, let’s meet again sometime. "

Among C Ronaldo’s social network fans, there are a large number of "suspicious accounts".

C Ronaldo also has zombie fans?

Not long ago, Cristiano Ronaldo’s Ins fans reached an astonishing 200 million, and he even published an Ins status celebration. However, a online celebrity analysis website named HypeAuditor found that 72% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s 200 million fans were real people, 2.1% were online celebrity, another 18.7% were "suspicious accounts", and the remaining 6.4% were "automatically following fans"-that is, the number of followers exceeded.

"Ins robots" are classified as suspicious accounts. They are used to handle likes or comments and also play a role in buying powder. Therefore, 25%-about 50 million fans are not real people. It is worth mentioning that as early as 2015, the Daily Sports Daily broke the news that as many as 64% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s Twitter followers were "zombie fans". The media said that as many as 21 million Cristiano Ronaldo’s Twitter followers were behind him, their Twitter accounts were inactive. Of course, all this may have nothing to do with Cristiano Ronaldo himself. Celebrity social accounts will be run by related teams, and it is reasonable to "buy powder". In fact, another research and analysis in November last year showed that 51% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s former teammate Cross’s fans are "zombie fans", which is the highest among Ins users.

This time, HypeAuditor also analyzed the composition of C Ronaldo’s fans. 49% fans are not interested in sports, but pay more attention to music and even fashion. In addition, 72% of C Ronaldo’s fans are men and 28% are women. There are more fans from India than other places, with 22% fans from India; The second place is Iran, with 15%; There are 3% fans from Madrid, the city where Cristiano Ronaldo’s old club Real Madrid is located. In terms of language use, 44% are English users, 9% are Persian and 9% are Arabic.

Manchester United need to pay up to 80 million euros for Fernandez.

Manchester United officially announced bruno fernandez.

In the early morning of the 31st, Manchester United officially announced that bruno fernandez had joined the club. It is reported that the two parties signed a contract for five and a half years, and there is a one-year renewal option.

In fact, 24 hours ago, Manchester United reached an agreement with Portuguese Sports on the transfer of Fernandez. According to the figures released by Portuguese Sports, Manchester United needs to pay him a maximum of 80 million euros, including 55 million fixed transfer fee plus 25 million floating amount. According to the relevant provisions, 5 million euros is related to the number of appearances, and another 5 million euros depends on whether Manchester United can qualify for the Champions League. In addition, 15 million euros depends on Fernandez’s personal achievements in Manchester United in the future. It is reported that if Fernandez switches to another team in the future, Portuguese sports can still reap 10% income from the transfer fee.

During his two and a half seasons in Portuguese sports, Fernandez played excellent data, with 16 goals and 20 assists in 2017-18 and 32 goals and 18 assists in 2018-19. He has scored 15 goals and 14 assists in the middle of this season. According to the outside world, his joining will inject vitality into Manchester United’s frontcourt attack. Head coach Oleskjaer also said in an interview: "We have been paying attention to Fernandez for several months, and he.

I wonder if Paco can reproduce his previous style in Villarreal.

Paco joined Villarreal, and the transfer fee broke the team history record.

A few days ago, Villarreal officially announced the signing of Spanish striker Paco Alcácer from Dortmund for five and a half years.

According to the previous report of Kicker, the transfer fee of Dortmund striker Paco to Villarreal totaled about 30 million euros, while the version of AS newspaper was 23 million euros, while Dortmund originally signed Paco from Barcelona at a cost of 23 million euros. In any case, Paco’s transfer fee broke the record of "Yellow Submarine" when 20 million euros signed Gerard Moreno two seasons ago.

Last season, Paco scored 18 goals in 26 Bundesliga games, but this season he only played 11 Bundesliga games and contributed 5 goals and 1 assist. With the arrival of Harland, his position has been gradually marginalized. Paco came from Valencia youth training. At the age of 18, he scored 28 goals in 27 games in a single season. He played for the first team of Bat Corps for 3 seasons, scoring 43 goals and assisting 17 times in 124 appearances. In the 2016/17 season, Barcelona signed him for 30 million euros. He played for Barcelona for one and a half seasons, made 50 appearances, scored 15 goals and made 8 assists, won the league championship and the King’s Cup on behalf of Barcelona, and then landed in the Bundesliga … Now Villarreal has introduced Paco with a record transfer fee, so I naturally hope that he will regain his previous style.

Deschamps is very dissatisfied with being labeled as "discrimination".

Deschamps took cantona to court.

A few days ago, according to the news of French media RMC, the case of French team coach Deschamps suing cantona will be officially opened in Paris at the end of February.

The contradiction between them stems from cantona’s inappropriate comments on Deschamps’ selection of players in 2016. At that time, cantona thought that Deschamps’ national team discriminated against players with North African descent, which made them have an issue. Although it has been three years, Deschamps decided to resort to the law.

In an interview with the Guardian before the 2016 European Cup, cantona said: "Benzema is a great player, and so is Ben Alpha, but Deschamps has a real French name. He may be the only person in France who really has a French name. No one in his family has been combined with people of other descent, so I am not surprised when he did not take Benzema to the European Cup. Ben Alpha may be the best player in France.

Cantona’s meaning is very clear. Because both players are of North African descent, they were abandoned by the head coach, but this statement obviously doesn’t work. Deschamps’ team is a powerful whole composed of players of different colors and bloodlines. In 2016, he won the runner-up in the European Cup and reached the peak in the 2018 World Cup. A large number of black players such as Bogba and Mbappé are still the absolute core. Deschamps has no reason to exclude players with North African descent. In fact, Ben Alfa has already gone from bad to worse, and Benzema can’t make it because of the fierce competition in the front.

Deschamps responded at the first time: "I don’t understand what he is saying at all, and I will never forgive him for slandering me."

In 2017, Deschamps entrusted a lawyer to prepare to sue cantona, but the case did not enter the final judicial procedure until today. It is reported that the court will hold a hearing on February 28th, and judging from the current situation, cantona, who has no secret words, may be overwhelmed.

Ding Junhui continued his ups and downs.

Ding Junhui missed the top 16 in the German Masters.

On January 30th, German snooker master Sai Ding Junhui lost to Scottish Donaldson 4-5 and missed the top 16, which was his second defeat to the same opponent in a week.

Last week’s European master Sai Ding Junhui just met Donaldson, when he lost to his opponent 2-5 in the second round and missed the quarter-finals. Fighting again after a week, Ding Junhui failed to take revenge and add new hatred. Before the game, the two sides were evenly divided in the first four games. Ding Junhui scored 55 points in the third game and Donaldson shot 132 in the fourth game. After the break, Ding Junhui won two games in a row 60-50 and 72-0 to get the match point, but Donaldson chased two games in a row; Although Ding Junhui scored 50 points in the deciding game, it was a pity that Donaldson still scored 52 points in one shot, which was a pity.

It is worth mentioning that Donaldson lost against Ding Junhui three times in a row before these two confrontations. Now the player ranked 24th in the world seems to have found the confidence to beat Ding Junhui. On the other hand, Ding Junhui, after winning the championship in the British Championship at the end of 2019 and ending the shortage of ranking titles for more than two years, was frustrated again in 2020, with a round of snooker masters, a round of European masters and a round of German masters … He was depressed.

Painting Jianghu’s "Wind Spell" issued a rising version of the forecast 7.13 to lift the country again.

1905 movie network news From, to, almost every summer, there will be a national ramble out of the tight encirclement. This year, the first film in the series of painting rivers and lakes — — The curse of the wind. After the trailer was released at Cannes Film Festival in 2014, five years later, The Wind Spell was finally produced and will be shown to the audience on July 13th. Let many fans sigh, and finally wait for you.

In the preview released this time, Xia Lan used the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth to fight fiercely with fierce beasts. According to legend, only the power of wind can compete with it, revealing the meaning of the title "Wind Spell" and setting up a world view full of Chinese style. In the poster released together, the young volley confronted the huge gluttony, revealing a stirring story of the rise of a young hero.

 

The most valuable guoman IP The Wind Spell permeates the national wind into every detail.

From its first broadcast in 2012 to the present, the painting rivers and lakes have created many high-quality comic dramas, such as Xia Lan, Bad Man, Soul Master, Cup Don’t Stop, and Changed Students, which can be said to be the most cosmopolitan and vital national comic, and also regarded as the most valuable national comic IP in the industry. Therefore, the first movie of painting rivers and lakes was placed high hopes by anime fans to help the rise of the country.

In the preview, the mythical gluttony in this world, Xia Lan uses the power of five elements to compete, and the teenager wants to be a hero when he enters the rivers and lakes … … The setting of the whole world outlook in the Wind Mantra is full of Chinese style. The same is true of the details. Fierce beasts, which are mostly composed of curved designs, and rivers and lakes in noisy streets are trying their best to convey an oriental aesthetics, which conforms to the audience’s imagination of "national ramble". Director Liu Kuo almost "digs" these details to the extreme. "Let the China audience like it first and see it comfortably."

 

Hold back the movie dream for six years and develop the only domestic animation engine. "grab back" some audiences for Guoman

The completion of the Wind Spell took five years of preparation and three years of production. But the time behind it is far more than that. In the mind of director Liu Kuo, this movie dream has been held back for too long. "Although I had a dream of making movies long ago, I still held back. I want to make myself strong first. Because the country in my heart is made by ourselves. "

With this in mind, director Liu Kuo and the team started to develop a "Datura Engine" for animation. After six years of "darkness before dawn", China’s 3D animation finally has the original ability of the whole process. After tens of thousands of minutes of animation polishing, "Wind Spell" was finally launched. The film is about to be released, and Liu Kuo revealed his hope that "in the case that the China market has been occupied by Hollywood and Japanese animation for a long time, we can win back some audiences for domestic animated films in China"!

Middle-aged actors find their own Little Joy in the cracks.

  Cctv newsNine times out of ten, life is not satisfactory, only a little joy.

  The four children got what they wanted, and they all had their own places after the college entrance examination; Three families bumped into each other, experienced anxiety and pain, and finally gained their own little joy … The hit TV series Little Joy, which has been unhappy all the time, finally ushered in a relatively "satisfactory" ending.

  Little Tao Hong, who hasn’t taken the role for many years, didn’t expect Little Joy to be so popular. At first, he didn’t want to take the role of "Song Qian". He just joined in with the mentality of helping, and only agreed after turning on the phone, not to make a strong comeback. "I don’t have a play, but I don’t have nothing to do every day. I’m busy." Since he married Xú Zhēng, Tao Hong Jr. has gradually faded out of people’s sight and devoted himself to his wife. After having a daughter in 2008, accompanying her to grow up day by day became the happiest thing for Tao Hong Jr.

  It’s not easy to tidy up a home. It took 10 years to learn how to be a mother. After returning to the family, Tao Hong Jr. once again attracted attention with the image of such a paranoid mother and became the most discussed mother in Little Joy. The audience remembered that Tao Hong, who had a pair of peach eyes, had interpreted so many classic characters. She has been clever and charming in Black Eyes, Empty Mirror, Sunny Days and Pig with Bright Spring, and she never forgets anything.

  Interestingly, on the one hand, he became famous too early and left the screen for too long, so that many young viewers didn’t know little Tao Hong at all; On the other hand, the image of "Song Qian", an unlovable but true "Chinese-style" mother, makes people see Tao Hong’s acting again. "I feel great, don’t know me, so I can ‘ Do whatever you want ’ Play more different roles. "

  Not long ago, Christina’s speech at the FIRST Film Festival calling on directors and producers to give Mesozoic actresses a chance caused a heated discussion. The passive situation that the subject matter is far away, the role is missing, and the older actress has no play is once again put on the table. In "Little Joy", in addition to the formidable young actors, the excellent acting skills of six middle-aged actors are the quality guarantee of the whole play.

  Tao Hong Jr. thinks that this is not something that a middle-aged actress can’t play in the final analysis, but something that the whole middle-aged women group is not concerned by the society. "Without corresponding attention, there will be no film and television works, and no works will tell them. Who will we play?" Nowadays, Tao Hong Jr. is more relaxed. He never picks up plays at random, and he doesn’t need to prove that he can act. If he has good works, he will come out and perform. With inner satisfaction and family harmony, Tao Hong Jr. no longer "competes" with herself, and the pressure and anxiety of middle-aged actresses do not exist here.

  Yongmei and George W. Tao Hong are old acquaintances. It’s been 20 years since they first collaborated on Where Dreams Start to Little Joy. In the play, Yongmei’s gentle and intellectual mother "liujing" is not only in sharp contrast with Tao Hong’s tough mother "Song Qian", but also has a special friendship with Song Qian’s daughter "Eiko". Many viewers reported that they were often moved to tears by this unforgettable friendship between liujing and Eiko.

  Making friends with a child, supporting each other and making progress is also Yongmei’s favorite counterpart. Playing mother is nothing new to Yongmei. In "Little Joy", Yongmei, who has never been a mother, just deduced the most ideal mother in the hearts of countless people, giving this role the most comfortable and appropriate appearance, and his acting skills can be seen.

  Yongmei has always been the kind of actor whose audience is particularly familiar with but whose name is unknown. Liujing, who is as gentle as jade and generous in understanding, has more or less Yongmei’s own shadow. She often gives people the impression of extraordinary temperament. She speaks slowly and eloquently, and people and voices are very comfortable. It seems that seeing her will make her feel better.

  After 23 years of debut, Yongmei, a non-trained actress, is not a prolific actress. In the entertainment industry, she is even less eager to achieve success and pursue fame and fortune. At the beginning of the year, it seems that the afterheat of Yongmei’s winning the first Berlin film in the mainland with Wang Xiaoshuai’s film Auld Lang Syne has just dissipated. Little Joy is so gentle that liujing in her bones is once again surrounded by powder, and Yongmei, who has always been low-key, has reached a new high in fans and attention, which has made everyone have new expectations for her.

  The audience slowly understood her story. She has always maintained a cautious sense of alienation in the entertainment industry. After four years without filming, she once said, "I am waiting for the role that belongs to me. I am not in a hurry, so don’t worry." Yongmei, who is in no hurry, still has a temper when she has an opinion. When there is no filming, there are works to find her, and she can only play some unnecessary wife roles. "How to say, like a shelf without a soul." Yongmei refused.

  "I also have times when I am not gentle, more stubborn and more individual, and sometimes when I am unreasonable." As long as it’s a good character, dynamic and touching, even if it’s repeated, Yongmei thinks it can be played. It’s not that she doesn’t feel the confusion of middle-aged actresses, especially in domestic scripts, which are always stereotyped and faceless, lacking all kinds of middle-aged female images. Therefore, when he meets a good role and cast, Yongmei cherishes it especially. There are some phenomena that she doesn’t agree with and can’t change, but she believes that the current situation that there is no market for powerful actors is slowly changing. At present, it is most important to be yourself.

  Sha Yi had only eight episodes in Little Joy, and as a special actor, he was a veritable "supporting role". However, as soon as he appeared, "Qiao Weidong" who opened his mouth "Eiko, open the door, stay" contracted all the jokes of the audience. Sha Yi’s "Qiao Weidong" was originally an out-and-out "love rat" image, dressed in flowery shirts, whiskers and crew cut, and quickly won the title of "rustic old man".

  You can feel the "greasy" of "Qiao Weidong" through the screen. However, it is such a father who is full of humor, afraid of his wife and loves his daughter, and has become the favorite of the audience among the three fathers. Some people say that just seeing Sha Yi’s face makes him want to laugh, and he is a man with his own jokes. With superb acting skills, Sha Yi has successfully promoted the role of "Qiao Weidong" to one of the important leading roles, and more and more scenes have been played.

  Sha Yi, who had a childhood filter, frequently searched for Little Joy. The charming Bai Zhantang disappeared completely and was replaced by the good father "Old Joe" who knew, loved and cared for children.

  Over the years, Sha Yi has never faded out of public view, but it seems that he has only done one thing, being a good father to Angie and Xiaoyu. Although not yet a son, Sha Yi, who relies on his two sons to perform variety shows frequently, teases himself that he has ushered in the second spring of his career, which makes him feel helpless.

  Time is like killing a pig, getting fat and getting out of the dimple. It is hard for people to think that "Qiao Weidong" and "Bai Zhantang" are the same person in Sha Yi now. Legend of the Wulin is indeed the pinnacle of Sha Yi’s popularity and career, but since then, although he has played some roles intermittently, the audience’s impression of him still stays in "Bai Zhantang". Sha Yi seems to be used to it, too. It is much more difficult for him to be a father to his two sons and accompany them to grow up than to be an actor. He doesn’t mind being a green leaf in the family.

  It is precisely because every character in the play is so lively and all the actors are acting online that "Little Joy" has left so many viewers wanting more. The actors we knew as children are no longer young or even forgotten by us, but when they appear, they are always warm and bright. Just as the director said, life is like "looking for sugar in glass slag" to "joy", and every grain is precious. (Text/Wang Jiaying)

Kim Jong-un’s five visits to visit the equipment are all localized. This factory in North Korea is unusual.

CCTV News:In Wonsan, the eastern city of North Korea, there is a famous factory that produces leather shoes. The "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes produced here have excellent workmanship and fashionable styles, which are well received by the Korean people. This factory is Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory.

At the North Korean National Footwear Exhibition in 2018 and 2019, a leather shoes brand named "Yingfengshan" made a big splash for two consecutive years and won the first prize and the special prize respectively. This brand came from Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory.

Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory was founded in 1959 and has a history of 60 years. Kim Jong-un, the current top leader of North Korea, came to Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory five times since 2014, and it was from 2014 that the development of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory entered the fast lane.

CCTV reporter Dong Haitao:This pair of shoes on the exhibition platform was produced in 2007, while this pair of shoes on this side was produced in 2017. It can be seen that there are great differences in texture, design and workmanship between them in the past ten years.

Independent research and development, independent manufacturing and self-reliance

According to the factory commentator, the entire production system of the factory is independently developed by North Korea, and the raw materials for shoemaking are also independently produced by North Korea, while the electricity is provided by national power stations such as Yuanshan Military and Civilian Power Station. They are at the forefront of North Korea’s footwear industry in implementing national policies and realizing self-reliant production, and factory employees are particularly proud.

Zhao Mingshi, head of technical department of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory:We received many favorable comments and won the special prize at this spring national footwear exhibition in North Korea.

Cui Hua, a female worker in Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory:I am a shoe-maker, and I like the ladies’ sandals produced by our factory best. Sandals are women’s favorite footwear products in summer, and we have successfully controlled the weight of women’s sandals within 250 grams.

Nowadays, the vast majority of shoemaking employees in the factory have more than 5 years of shoemaking experience, and the factory will arrange different kinds of leather shoes production plans according to the season, personnel arrangement and product demand.

CCTV reporter Dong Haitao:I’m at the end of the production line of Yuanshan Leather Shoes Factory, where all kinds of leather shoes are displayed. I’m going to have a try now. Let’s try on this pair of pointed leather shoes first. They look very fashionable. The sole is solid and powerful, and it walks steadily. It is a good pair of shoes.

Leather shoes factory is looking forward to expanding production.

Since 2014, the quality of "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes has been continuously improved, but the price is very close to the people. Take the pair of leather shoes that I just tried on as an example. The ex-factory price is only 25,000 yuan, which is equivalent to about 20 yuan, which is quite good and cheap. The factory commentator told me that the supply of factory products to the Korean people is already in short supply, and they hope to expand production in the future and strive to make "Yingfengshan" brand leather shoes go global.

Everything you want to know about HPV vaccine is here.

With the popularization of HPV vaccine knowledge, many people want to be vaccinated with HPV vaccine. But how much do you know about HPV vaccine? What is the difference in the applicable population of HPV vaccines with different "prices"? In this regard, Chen Shouzhen, deputy director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, summed up ten common questions and answered them to the majority of netizens.

What is HPV virus?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus, so it is called human papillomavirus because it only infects humans. There are more than 200 subtypes of HPV, which can be divided into high-risk type and low-risk type according to whether they are carcinogenic or not.

Low-risk type usually infects the skin and causes warts, commonly known as boils. Most of them can naturally subside in 3-5 years, and some may need laser, freezing and other methods to remove them.

There are about 15 HPV subtypes (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82) that can cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, so they are called high-risk HPV. Among them, HPV16/18 has the highest risk of cancer. About 70% of cervical cancer in the world is caused by high-risk HPV16 and 18, and 20% is caused by HPV31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. HPV16 types 16 and 18 are also associated with oropharyngeal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer and anal cancer.

Will HPV infection definitely lead to cancer?

Persistent infection of high-risk HPV will lead to cancer. More than 90% of HPV infections usually subside naturally within 2 years. If carcinogenic HPV infection lasts for more than 1 year, the possibility of precancerous or cancerous lesions will increase, but not all persistent infections will progress. Only less than 1% of infections will develop into cancer after 5 to 10 years of precancerous lesions. Therefore, even if there is HPV infection, it will not necessarily become cancer, but we should pay attention to the corresponding screening.

At present, there is no specific drug to treat HPV. Through regular screening, we can observe the situation of HPV infection, so that we can treat it at an appropriate time and reduce the risk of cancer.

Personal life is very healthy, how can you be infected with HPV?

HPV virus spreads in various ways.

It can be widely spread among people through skin contact, and more than 80% of women have been infected with HPV at least once in their lives. Sexual life is the main reason why HPV spreads around the anus and genitals. Sticking to the correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Generally speaking, there are many ways of HPV infection. At present, there is no good way to prevent HPV infection, but healthy living habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, and wiping separately after going to the toilet may reduce the probability of HPV infection. Even if you are infected with HPV, you don’t have to be nervous, because most HPV infections can be monitored regularly after infection, and generally will naturally fade away soon.

How to prevent HPV transmission?

Vaccination with HPV vaccine can safely prevent cancer caused by persistent HPV infection.

Vaccination with tetravalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine can also prevent condyloma acuminatum, which is a benign disease, but the treatment failure rate is relatively high, affecting physical and mental health. Therefore, for the majority of women, it is very necessary to vaccinate HPV vaccine.

How to choose HPV vaccine?

At present, three different vaccines have been developed, which are divided into bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines according to the number of HPV subtypes they target. Simply put, bivalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV types 16 and 18; The tetravalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV6, 11, 16 and 18; The nine-valent HPV vaccine not only targets the same HPV subtype as the four-valent vaccine, but also targets types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. At present, HPV vaccines are all preventive vaccines, aiming at preventing initial HPV infection and subsequent HPV-related diseases.

At present, many hospitals, from community medical service centers to tertiary hospitals, have HPV vaccines, and these HPV vaccines can be safely vaccinated. Because of limited resources, the queue time of nine-valent vaccine will be longer. If resources and funds are not a problem, it is recommended to vaccinate the nine-valent HPV vaccine. If there is no nine-valent HPV vaccine, tetravalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine are also good choices, because both vaccines cover the most dangerous types 16 and 18. Generally speaking, you should try to use the same vaccine preparation to complete vaccination. However, if you don’t know the original HPV vaccine dosage form, you can also use another HPV vaccine preparation to complete the subsequent vaccination.

At what age is it appropriate to get HPV vaccine?

At present, the recommended age of HPV vaccination in China is 9-45 years old. Most countries in the world recommend routine HPV vaccination at the age of 11-12, and some suggest starting from the age of 9. For teenagers and adults aged 13-26, replanting is also recommended if they have not been vaccinated with HPV vaccine or have not completed a series of vaccines.

Why don’t foreign countries recommend routine replanting for adults over 27 years old? This is because with the increase of age, the possibility of infection with subtypes covered by HPV vaccine is gradually increasing. For older people, the benefit and cost performance of HPV vaccination are low. However, research shows that there are two peaks of high-risk infection among women in China: 17-24 years old and 40-44 years old, and single HPV infection is the main infection. Considering the characteristics of female infection and the low coverage rate of cervical cancer screening, experts suggest that women aged 9-26 should be vaccinated with HPV, and women aged 27-45 should be vaccinated when conditions permit. Women over the age of 45 don’t have to worry. At this stage, the HPV vaccine is low in cost performance, and the standardized HPV screening is enough to prevent cancer.

In the recommended age range, the best time for HPV vaccination is before the first sexual intercourse, because HPV vaccine immunization is the most effective for individuals who are not infected with HPV. That is to say, the younger you are when you are vaccinated with HPV, the more the incidence of cervical cancer decreases.

Are there any side effects of vaccination?

Vaccination of HPV vaccine, like other vaccines, may have pain, swelling and erythema at the inoculation site. A few people may have syncope or dizziness, and there are some rare other side effects, which may be related to the adjuvant in the vaccine, so you can rest assured to vaccinate. In addition, HPV vaccine can be safely inoculated in different parts with other vaccines at the same time. At present, there is evidence that inoculation of tetanus, acellular pertussis, diphtheria and inactivated polio vaccine at the same time with HPV vaccine does not damage the immune effect of the body against HPV vaccine or other vaccines at the same time.

Because there is no relevant evidence, it is generally not recommended to vaccinate HPV during pregnancy. However, with the increase of the number of people vaccinated, more and more data about unintentional vaccination after pregnancy show that vaccination during pregnancy has no effect on the safety of mother and child. Nevertheless, the remaining vaccination should be postponed, and it is best for vaccinated women to get pregnant two months after the vaccination is completed. Vaccine does not affect the safety of breastfeeding, but at present, such data are limited, so it is necessary to carefully consider HPV vaccination for lactating women.

I have been infected with HPV before, can I still be vaccinated?

There is no need to evaluate whether you have been infected with HPV before vaccination. A history of abnormal cervical cancer screening, genital warts and HPV infection is not a taboo for HPV immunization. Because these conditions all suggest that HPV was infected in the past, but it is not necessarily HPV subtype infection covered by HPV vaccine. For people who have a history of HPV infection but are still within the recommended age range, vaccination is still recommended because it still has a protective effect on the uninfected vaccine strain HPV virus. However, for people who have been infected with the subtype covered by HPV vaccine, the benefits of immunization are small.

What if we miss the seeds? I have been vaccinated with bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccine before. Do I need to replant with nine-valent HPV vaccine?

Missing seeds means that immunization is not carried out according to the schedule. At present, the evidence shows that no matter how long the series vaccination is interrupted, it can continue to vaccinate without restarting the series vaccination.

Now it is found that HPV vaccine has a long-lasting protective effect against HPV-related diseases, and there is no need for multiple cropping. For women who have already completed bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccination, the benefit of using nine-valent vaccine for multiple inoculation may not be obvious, so it is not recommended.

After vaccination with HPV vaccine, can I avoid regular screening?

At present, HPV vaccine can only prevent infection. After vaccination, existing HPV infection, genital warts or precancerous lesions cannot be eliminated, and the vaccine can only prevent cervical cancer caused by seven subtypes at most. After injection of HPV vaccine, other subtypes of HPV may still be infected, which may lead to cancer. Therefore, cervical cancer screening is still needed after HPV vaccination.

Carry out agricultural production in an orderly way in many places: lay a good agricultural card and stabilize the basic disk

On February 28th, in Zhongxing Village, Guanshi Town, Hengyang County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, the agricultural machinery hand drove the agricultural machinery to work in the field. Photo by Cao Zhengping (Zhongjing Vision)

On February 28th, in Zhongxing Village, Guanshi Town, Hengyang County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, the agricultural machinery hand drove the agricultural machinery to work in the field. Photo by Cao Zhengping (Zhongjing Vision)

  Doing a good job in spring ploughing production and winning a bumper harvest in agriculture is of great significance to winning the battle against poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way. The reporter learned that due to the epidemic, the current agricultural production faces some outstanding difficulties. But the more complicated the situation, the more we must stabilize agriculture. Moreover, there are still many favorable conditions for stabilizing agricultural production.

  At present, in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, winter wheat has turned green, and spring field management has begun; In Jiangnan, rape flowers are about to bloom one after another; In South China and Southwest China, some crops have begun to be sown in spring; In the northeast, some places are planning to prepare soil for farming. In the vast vegetable greenhouses and livestock pens, the pace of agricultural production in spring has never stopped.

  The more complicated the situation, the more we should stabilize agriculture. "This year is a special year. Doing a good job in spring ploughing and winning a bumper harvest in agriculture is of great significance to winning the battle against poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way." Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is necessary to adhere to the "two mistakes" in epidemic prevention and control and agricultural production, ensure the normal and orderly agricultural production in spring, resolutely fight the tough battle of agricultural harvest in the year of preventing epidemic and winning a well-off life, and ensure that the key tasks of agricultural and rural development are completed as scheduled.

  Play the agricultural card well and stabilize the basic disk

  In the past few days, agricultural machinery has roared in the farmland of Zhenqingmei Planting Professional Cooperative in Dongshan Village, Penggao Town, Shangli County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, and agricultural hand Hu Ruhai has driven the cultivator to shuttle through the fields, and a piece of farmland has become flat. The farmers on the side took advantage of the fine weather to clear the land that had been finished by the machine out of the ditch and sort it into pieces. Li Haijun, chairman of the cooperative, said that the cooperative has 116 mu of farmland, and it is planned to arrange all the farmland in one week without delaying the next planting plan.

  A year’s plan starts with spring. Liu Changquan, director of the Industrial Economics Office of the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that doing a good job in agricultural production is the material basis for coordinating the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development. Different from industrial production, the object of agricultural production is living organisms, which has its natural laws, and the farming time is urgent and can not be delayed. Agricultural production in spring involves many varieties and a wide range. The area of spring sown grain accounts for more than half of the whole year, and the output of summer grain accounts for about a quarter of the whole year; Spring is the peak season for livestock and poultry to replenish livestock and poultry, and the protection of meat, eggs and milk cannot be separated from the spring.

  The reporter learned that due to the epidemic, the current agricultural production faces some outstanding difficulties. In some areas, it is difficult for agricultural materials to reach the village, and it is difficult for farmers to go to the fields, which has affected food production to some extent. In some areas, the circulation of important agricultural products such as "vegetable basket" is blocked, vegetables and fruits are unsalable in some areas, live poultry transportation is prohibited in some places, and the normal supply, transportation, slaughter and sales channels of poultry are blocked. In some provinces, it is difficult to sell milk and fish, especially for new agricultural subjects such as family farms, farmers’ cooperatives and leading agricultural enterprises, which are generally faced with difficulties in employment and expensive employment, and encounter difficulties in production and operation.

  But at the same time, the reporter found that there are still many favorable conditions for stabilizing agricultural production. On the one hand, the policy has support. The central government has continued to support grain production. China has maintained the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat, and the subsidy policy for corn and soybean producers has been generally stable. The purchase subsidy for agricultural machinery has increased, which is conducive to mobilizing farmers’ enthusiasm for farming. Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has put forward a series of policies and measures on the stable production and supply of "vegetable basket" products, spring ploughing and preparation for ploughing, the resumption of aquaculture and the connection between production and marketing of agricultural products. On the other hand, agricultural resources are guaranteed. It is estimated that the demand for hybrid corn and hybrid rice seeds in China this year will be 1.06 billion and 210 million kilograms respectively, and the available seeds will be 1.64 billion and 400 million kilograms respectively. The supply of pesticides and fertilizers is generally guaranteed. It is estimated that more than 22 million sets of various agricultural machinery can be put into use nationwide, and the mechanized tillage rate and mechanized sowing rate of grain and oil crops are over 90% and 55% respectively.

  Develop planting industry and keep the "rice bag"

  The latest agricultural situation dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs shows that the crops in the field are growing well in the country. The area of winter wheat is basically stable, with 11 major winter wheat producing provinces accounting for 83.4%, an increase of 2.7 percentage points over the same period of last year, and the growth of seedlings is better than that of last year. At present, winter wheat in most parts of the north is still in the wintering period. The area of winter rape is more than 92 million mu, up by 2.7 million mu year-on-year. The first-and second-class seedlings in the main producing areas account for 83.3%, up by 1.3 percentage points year-on-year. At present, winter rape in the Yangtze River basin has entered the bud stage.

  Heilongjiang is the largest province in grain production. At this time, the black land gradually broke the silence. "The crop planting area in the province is expected to remain above 220 million mu, including more than 210 million mu of grain crops." Wang Yongkang, deputy governor of Heilongjiang Province, introduced that Heilongjiang has opened a green channel for agricultural materials, and adopted measures such as special person in charge, special car transportation, special line driving and special person pick-up and drop-off to ensure smooth transportation. Using new media such as Yinong Information Agency and Agricultural Big Data Platform, we will adopt new methods of preparing for farming such as online guidance, ordering, training and loans, so as to prevent and control the epidemic situation and prepare for farming. At present, spring ploughing seeds, pesticides and diesel oil have been put in place, 75% of chemical fertilizers have arrived, and 80% of funds have been raised.

  Shandong is a major province of wheat production, and 58.6 million mu of wheat is the key period of field management in spring. "At present, the seedling situation in Shandong Province is generally good, and the first and second types of seedlings account for 83% of the total area. In order to stabilize the development of grain production, last year, the province took the stability of grain production as an important indicator, incorporated it into the rural revitalization assessment system, and gradually compacted the responsibility for food security. " Yu Guoan, vice governor of Shandong Province, said that this year, the assessment indicators of grain production will be improved, the assessment efforts will be intensified, and the enthusiasm of grass-roots governments for attaching importance to agriculture and grasping grain will be mobilized. At the same time, we will study and issue implementation opinions on effectively strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland and improving the national food security guarantee capacity, and carry out the green, high-quality and efficient creation of grain in the whole system to continuously improve the level of grain production.

  Farming time waits for no one, so we should pay close attention to preparing for spring ploughing. Pan Wenbo, director of the Planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is necessary to effectively stabilize the grain planting area, promote the introduction of temporary subsidy measures, guide the southern region to resume double-cropping rice, and strive to ensure that the area of early rice is not lower than last year. This year’s structural adjustment will not reduce the grain area, corn should be stabilized, the pilot project of crop rotation and fallow will be adjusted appropriately, and grain feeding will mainly support the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north. Affected by the epidemic, the production and operation of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. are blocked. It is necessary to promote agricultural production enterprises to speed up the resumption of production, open stores as soon as possible, and establish a "green channel" for point-to-point supply and transportation to ensure that they can reach the village before spring ploughing. Strengthen the assistance and guidance for large-scale business entities and promote "one-stop" production custody services.

  Stabilize the aquaculture industry and ensure the supply of meat, eggs and milk

  Meat, eggs and milk are the main products of animal husbandry production, and they are also the focus of the people’s "food basket". Recently, all localities and departments have stepped up efforts to continue to promote the incorporation of breeding land into the management of facility agricultural land and the implementation of commitment filing system in environmental assessment, and to verify the clean-up and rectification of no-breeding areas. At present, the pilot project of mortgage loan for pig breeding has been expanded from four provinces to the whole country, and the scope of discount subsidy for farm households’ loans has been adjusted from more than 5,000 to more than 500 per year. With the expansion of loan scale, more and more farm households have begun to benefit. All localities have also made efforts to solve the difficulties encountered by poultry breeding due to the epidemic situation, and supported farmers to speed up the replenishment of poultry columns to ensure that poultry meat production will continue to increase throughout the year.

  Sichuan is the largest province for pig production. "In January this year, there were 29 million pigs in the province, including 2.8 million fertile sows, and the production of pigs increased steadily and slightly." Yao Sidan, vice governor of Sichuan Province, said that the provincial finance in Sichuan allocated 300 million yuan to subsidize new fertile sows according to the standard of each 300 yuan. For free-range farmers, we will promote the model of "company+farmers" to help small and medium-sized farmers develop standardized farming. Carry out "peer-to-peer" services to help feed and slaughter enterprises and 504 pig farm projects to speed up the resumption of work and production. At present, the slaughtering enterprises in the province have basically resumed work, and the rate of returning to work for feed enterprises has reached over 85%. Looking at the whole year, the annual task of slaughtering 60 million pigs is expected to be fully completed.

  Hunan Province actively implemented the "High-quality Hunan Pig" project. The province will reward the newly built, renovated and expanded standardized pig farms according to the new production capacity. If the annual production capacity is 10,000 to 30,000, the subsidy will be 500,000 yuan; More than 30 thousand heads, a subsidy of 800 thousand yuan. Support the expansion of the pilot scope of live pig price insurance, help farmers connect with loan financing institutions, and ease the financial difficulties of farmers. At present, 187 new large-scale aquaculture projects in the province have started to resume work one after another, and it is estimated that the new production capacity will be 9.3 million heads during the year; In January this year, the slaughter of pigs in the province increased by 32.78% month-on-month, and the basic production capacity of farms with an annual slaughter of more than 500 pigs recovered quickly.

  "Implement policies and measures to every rural household, and follow up the problem solving situation to every enterprise to ensure that the basic production capacity of livestock and poultry breeding industry is not lost." Yang Zhenhai, director of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is necessary to do everything possible to speed up the recovery and development of pig production and actively promote the stable development of poultry and other aquaculture industries. It is necessary to speed up the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste, ensure the comprehensive utilization rate to reach more than 75%, and the supporting rate of facilities and equipment for large-scale farms to reach more than 95%. It is necessary to support the development of standardized scale farming, promote the comprehensive revitalization of the dairy industry, promote the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the feed and veterinary drug industry, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the slaughtering industry. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Qiao Jinliang)