Cctv newsRoyal Bank of Scotland agreed to pay a fine of 5.5 billion US dollars (4.3 billion pounds) to the Federal Housing Finance Agency of the United States on the 12th to settle the allegations that Royal Bank of Scotland improperly sold mortgage bonds in the United States before the 2008 financial crisis. The Federal Housing Finance Agency of the United States believes that before the financial crisis in 2008, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac bought mortgage bonds from Royal Bank of Scotland based on documents with false and misleading statements, which caused Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to suffer huge losses.

　　McEwan, CEO of Royal Bank of Scotland, said on the 12th that this solution is a serious reminder of the behavior of Royal Bank of Scotland before the financial crisis, and it is a huge price for banks to pursue their ambitions in the world. The decision of the day is an important step taken by Royal Bank of Scotland to solve the most important remaining problems, which further proves the determination of the leadership to solve the remaining problems.

　　At present, Royal Bank of Scotland, headquartered in Edinburgh, also faces a fine of up to 9 billion pounds from the US Department of Justice. (CCTV reporter Tian Xiaochun)

　　　　　　 Cctv newsThe U.S. Treasury Department recently put two Lebanese parliamentarians and a security official on the sanctions list on the grounds that these three people are senior members of Hezbollah in Lebanon and participated in many activities supporting Hezbollah.

　　　　　　 According to Reuters, this is the first time that the U.S. Treasury has sanctioned Lebanese parliamentarians, which is "quite unusual", and Lebanon has reacted strongly to it.

　　　　　　 On the 10th, Lebanese Speaker Berry condemned this sanction, believing that it was an "attack" by the US on the Lebanese Parliament and even Lebanon as a whole.

　　　　　　 In an interview with a TV station on the evening of the 9th local time, Lebanese Finance Minister Ali Hassan Khalil said that the US sanctions were "groundless and not conducive to financial stability" and "without justifiable reasons".

　　　　　　 On the 11th, members of the Lebanese Parliament belonging to the Party of Allah held a meeting in Beirut to discuss countermeasures. Two members who were sanctioned by the US side, mohamed hassan Raad and Amin Sheri, also attended the meeting.

　　　　　　 Hezbollah in Lebanon was founded in the 1980s, and has been listed as a terrorist organization by the United States since 1997. It has been sanctioned many times before. However, through the parliamentary elections in May last year and the formation of a new cabinet in January this year, Hezbollah’s influence in Lebanon continued to rise, which once again triggered US concerns.

　　CCTV News:Have you ever heard of it as a frequent shopper?"consumption rebate"?

　　Recently, some third-party platforms are under the banner of "entrepreneurship" and "innovation", with the gimmicks of "shopping back to the original", "consumption equals making money" and "you spend and I pay back the money".Promise to return high or even full consumption and franchise fees.And so on, in order to attract consumers and businesses to invest.

　　Recently, the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Markets jointly reminded the public to be alert to this kind of "consumer rebate" that is different from the normal business rebate promotion activities! So what are the "routines" here?

　　"Routine 1": High rebate is difficult to achieve.

　　Rebate funds mainly come from commodity premium income and fees paid by members and franchisees. Most platforms do not have legitimate real economy and income matching their promised returns, so it is difficult to maintain capital operation and high rebate for a long time.

　　Some platforms absorb public and business funds through online and offline channels, such as "prepaid consumption" and "recharge", and a large amount of funds are controlled by the platform, which has the risk of transferring funds and running away.

　　Some platforms fictionalize profit prospects, promise high returns, instruct or acquiesce members and franchisees to fictionalize commodity transactions, pay a certain percentage of fees directly to the platform, and seek high rebates. In this way, the platform achieves the goal of quickly absorbing public funds. Some platforms also use pyramid schemes, with the so-called "dynamic income" as bait, requiring participants to pay entry fees and "attract people to join" and get commissions by developing offline. The above-mentioned behaviors of the platform and participants are characterized by illegal fund-raising and pyramid schemes.

　　Therefore, once again remind everyone that the operation mode of such platforms violates the law of value. Once the capital chain breaks, participants will face serious losses. According to the relevant regulations, participation in illegal fund-raising is not protected by law, and you are at your own risk and responsibility; It is illegal to participate in pyramid schemes and will bear corresponding responsibilities according to law. The general public and businesses are requested to be vigilant, enhance risk prevention awareness and identification ability, and prevent damage to interests. At the same time, the clues of illegal crimes can be actively reflected to the relevant departments. (CCTV reporter Liu Ying Ge Xiaowei picture from business micro news)

The Associated Press said that Iran’s sanctions list includes American real estate companies and arms companies, prohibiting them from doing business with Iranian companies and prohibiting their executives from visiting Iran. The commentary said that Iran’s sanctions are more symbolic, because at present, it seems that these enterprises have no business in Iran.

On the 24th, the State Council announced that it would impose sanctions on 30 companies and individuals from China, North Korea, United Arab Emirates and other countries, accusing them of participating in the proliferation of nuclear materials in Iran, North Korea and Syria.

[knowledge extension]

How is the Iranian economy?

Iran is one of the major economies in Asia. Iran’s economic strength ranks seventh in Asia (after China, Japan, India, South Korea, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia). According to the preliminary data of the Economic Accounts Bureau of the Bank of Iran in 2011, the nominal GDP of Iran was 4,304,264 billion Iranian riyals in 1389 (March 21, 2010-March 20, 2011), with a year-on-year increase of 20.8%. According to the comparable basic price in 1376, the real GDP was 539,219 billion Iranian rials, up 5.8% year-on-year. The GDP deflator was 798.24, a year-on-year change of 14.3%.

In 2011, the nominal basic price GDP of Iran was equivalent to US$ 416.313 billion, the nominal market price GDP was equivalent to US$ 419.101 billion, and the per capita nominal market price GDP was about US$ 5,610. The economy is dominated by oil exploration, and Iran’s petrochemical, steel and automobile manufacturing industries are also relatively developed. The electronics industry, nuclear industry and computer software and hardware industries are developing rapidly. Iran’s machinery manufacturing industry has made great progress. Khuzestan is a petroleum industrial zone and an important gateway to the sea.

Iran is rich in oil and is the fourth largest oil producer in the world and the second largest oil exporter of OPEC. Oil is the lifeblood of Iraq’s economy and one of the main sources of foreign exchange income, which accounts for more than half of Iraq’s total foreign exchange income. Iraq’s economy maintained steady growth. In 2010, Iraq’s GDP was US$ 411.4 billion, a year-on-year increase of 2.9%, and its per capita GDP was US$ 5,478.

Iranian foreign policy

Iran pursues an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, opposes hegemonism, power politics and a unipolar world, and is willing to develop relations with all countries except Israel on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit. Advocate dialogue among different civilizations and establish a just and rational new international political and economic order. It holds that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country should be respected, and each country has the right to choose the path of social development according to its own historical, cultural and religious traditions, and opposes western countries interfering in other countries’ internal affairs or imposing their own values on other countries under the pretext of democracy, freedom, human rights and disarmament. He believes that Israel is the main source of tension in the Middle East, supports the just struggle of the Palestinian people for the liberation of the occupied territories, and opposes the Arab-Israeli peace talks, but says that he will not take actions that interfere with or hinder the Middle East peace process. It advocates that peace and security in the Persian Gulf region should be achieved by the coastal countries through understanding and cooperation, and opposes foreign interference and foreign troops, expressing its willingness to become a stabilizing factor in the Persian Gulf region.

Extended reading:

The United States again sanctioned six China companies and three China citizens for the Iranian missile issue.

Zhongqing Online, Washington, March 25th (China Youth Daily, Ping Liu, correspondent of Zhongqing Online in the United States) On the afternoon of March 24th, local time, the State Council of the United States issued a statement, saying that it had decided to impose sanctions on 11 units and individuals who sold equipment and technologies related to weapons of mass destruction to Iran, North Korea and Syria in violation of the ban, including six China companies and three China citizens. This is the second round of US sanctions against China companies and individuals since Trump took office.

According to the statement, on March 21, the United States imposed sanctions on 30 companies and individuals in 10 countries according to the Iran, North Korea and Syria Non-Proliferation Law. He also said that these sanctions are not aimed at these countries or their governments, but reflect the enduring commitment of the US government to non-proliferation and promoting global stability and security.

The six China companies sanctioned by the United States are: Beijing Hua Zheng Electric Co., Ltd. and Dalian Zhenghua Maoyi Youxian Gongsi. Ningbo New Century Import and Export Company Limited, Shenzhen Yatai Da High-Tech Company Ltd, China Science and Technology Carbon Graphite Manufacturing Corporation (Dalian) (SINOTECH (Dalian) Carbon and Graphic Corporation SCGC) and Skyrise Technology Corporation Limited. The three China citizens are Jack Qin (Qin Xianhua), Jack Wang (Wang Wei) and Karl Lee (Karl Lee). The other two sanctioned companies belong to North Korea and United Arab League.

The statement said that the United States has "conclusive evidence" that these companies and individuals provide or obtain from Iran, North Korea or Syria other materials, services, technologies and other components that may help develop weapons of mass destruction and missile proliferation.

The statement also stated that the sanctions came into effect on March 21, 2017 and were valid for two years. The contents include: American government agencies must not have any relationship with the above-mentioned units and individuals; Shall not provide any projects and sign contracts to these units and individuals; Shall not sell any arms to these units and individuals; No new business licenses and licenses will be issued to these units and individuals, and the licenses already issued will be revoked.

At the beginning of last month, the Trump administration made an attack on Iran’s missile development for the first time. On February 3rd, the US Treasury Department announced the first wave of sanctions against Iran after taking office, including two China companies including Ningbo New Century Import and Export Co., Ltd. and three China citizens. At that time, the heads of the two China companies both said that they only exported normal goods, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China also made representations to the United States. Lu Kang, a spokeswoman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said that she has taken note of the statements made by the companies concerned. China has always opposed any unilateral sanctions, especially if it harms the interests of third parties, it will not help to enhance mutual trust between the parties concerned, nor will it help the parties concerned to jointly solve some international problems.

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American ships claimed to be harassed and were approached by four Iranian ships at high speed, firing several warning bombs.

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Although rumors can be analyzed and understood from the etymological meaning and sociological meaning of Chinese, rumors and false information can be regarded as synonymous under legal semantics.

□ The terminology of legislation and judicial documents should be standardized, and "rumours", "false information", "false facts" and "fabricated facts" should be uniformly expressed as "false information" as far as possible. In judicial practice, fabricating (manufacturing) false information and spreading false information can be referred to as "spreading rumors" for short.

At present, there are many crimes involving rumors in China’s criminal law. Among them, the crimes of directly using the concept of "rumors" include the crime of inciting subversion of state power, the crime of disturbing the morale of the military in wartime, and the crime of spreading rumors to confuse people in wartime; The crimes of using the concept of "false information" include the crime of fabricating and deliberately spreading false information, the crime of fabricating and deliberately spreading false terrorist information, the crime of fabricating and spreading false information in securities and futures trading, and the crime of network rumors to stir up trouble; The crime of damaging business reputation and commodity reputation uses the expression of "fabricating and spreading false facts" In addition, it also stipulates that the act of "fabricating facts to slander others" may constitute libel. As for the crime of false accusation and frame-up stipulated in Article 243 of the Criminal Law, although it also has the characteristics of "fabricating facts", its behavioral characteristics are not distributed to the society, but reported to specific state organs, which is not a rumor crime. If the perpetrator spreads the fabricated criminal facts to the society and constitutes a crime, it will be treated as libel. Article 25 of the Public Security Administration Punishment Law stipulates the administrative punishment of "spreading rumors". Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Defamation by Information Network issued by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on September 6, 2013.(hereinafter referred to as "Internet Defamation Interpretation")Article 5 stipulates that "whoever fabricates false information, or knowingly fabricates false information and spreads it on the information network, or organizes or instructs personnel to spread it on the information network, thus causing serious chaos in public order" shall be punished as the crime of stirring up trouble.

However, whether rumors, false information, false facts and fabricated facts in the above specifications are all equal to rumors, whether rumors can be defined as false information and how to identify them are controversial. Modern Chinese Dictionary interprets rumors as news without factual basis. Cihai interprets rumors as unfounded rumors or fabricated news. The academic understanding of rumors is basically based on these two explanations, and a lot of consensus has been formed, emphasizing that rumors are a description of objective facts, not just subjective comments; False information should be related to real life, not myths, superstitions and literary works. However, scholars have different opinions on whether rumors are false information. At present, there are three main viewpoints in academic circles:

The first view is that rumors must be false information, but the scope of rumors is smaller than false information. Some scholars believe that unfounded news is often inconsistent with reality, so rumors must belong to false information; However, news that is inconsistent with reality is not necessarily unfounded, so false information does not necessarily belong to rumors, and the scope of rumors is smaller than false information. Analyzing this view, we can find that there are two essential views: one is to subjectively and intentionally spread rumors as the fundamental condition; Second, it is believed that information spread on the basis of certain real information is not a rumor, so the scope of rumors is smaller than false information. The first view is of course correct. There are no rumors spread subjectively and intentionally. Of course, it is also a rumor in the sociological sense, but it is not a rumor in criminal law. However, it is debatable that some false rumors are not rumors.

The second view is that rumors are not necessarily false information, and that rumors can be false. Some scholars believe that "unfounded news is not necessarily news that does not conform to the facts." Another scholar believes that "falsehood is not the definition standard of rumors, rumors can be false, and its fundamental feature is the unknowability that is different from accuracy". Some scholars believe that the rumor itself may be true, but not necessarily false. Some scholars believe that "the falsity of information is not the fundamental feature of rumors", and the essence of rumors should be "unconfirmed and specious". This view artificially expands the explanation of rumors, and defines rumors as neutral words, which are equivalent to rumors. Its essence is to artificially extract the elements of deliberate fabrication and malicious dissemination of unconfirmed news from rumors, which is stealing the established concept of rumors.

The third view is that rumors and false information are synonyms. Some scholars believe that "both unfounded and fabricated point to the falsity of information" and that "rumors are not necessarily unfounded for false arguments". Some scholars also agree that rumors in Chinese refer to false information; For unconfirmed information, people are used to calling it "rumor" and "rumor".

Most scholars agree with the third view, that is, rumors can be analyzed and understood from the etymological meaning and sociological meaning of Chinese, but under the legal semantics, rumors and false information can be regarded as synonymous. Some scholars advocate that the position should be interpreted based on restrictive theory. Under the semantics of criminal law, rumors and false information can be regarded as synonymous. Some supporters believe that false information in judicial interpretation should be defined as "unfounded" and "inconsistent with the facts". Some scholars believe that under the semantics of criminal law, network rumors refer to false information on the internet, but the concept of rumors itself is ambiguous in etymology. It is suggested that the same meaning should not be expressed in different words in legislation, and the concept of network rumors should be replaced by false information on the internet. It can be seen that although scholars have different concepts in interpreting rumors from Chinese semantics, most of them regard rumors and false information as synonyms from legal semantics.

This paper also agrees with the third view for the following reasons:

First, rumors in modern Chinese semantics have negative meanings and derogatory meanings, and are generally not neutral words that can be equated with "rumors". "Making rumors" is always associated with "making trouble" and "gossiping about right and wrong". Defining rumors as false information conforms to the language habits of modern Chinese and is easy for people to understand.

Second, in law, rumors, unfounded facts and false information are the same thing. Because this is not a philosophical problem, but a realistic legal fact problem. The criterion for identifying legal facts here is whether there is a verifiable basis in reality, rather than whether it is a fact in the long run or from philosophical truth, which is consistent with the purpose of maintaining social order in criminal law. Fabricating and disseminating unconfirmed information also has serious social harm, and it is in line with the legislative purpose to identify it as false information. It is not feasible in law to take the philosophical truth standard as the standard for determining legal facts.

Thirdly, from the description of the criminal law and the public security administration punishment law in China, rumors and false information are also the same concept, and they have the same meaning. As mentioned earlier, the crimes of using the concept of "rumor" include the crime of inciting subversion of state power, the crime of disturbing the morale of the army by spreading rumors in wartime, and the crime of spreading rumors to confuse people in wartime. The crimes of using the concept of "false information" include the crime of fabricating and deliberately spreading false information, the crime of fabricating and deliberately spreading false terrorist information, the crime of fabricating and spreading false information in securities and futures trading, and the crime of network rumors to stir up trouble. The term "fabricating and spreading false facts" is used in the crime of damaging business reputation and commodity reputation. In addition, the crime of libel also stipulates that its behavioral characteristics are "fabricating facts to slander others". In traditional military crimes, the word "spreading rumors" is used in legislation to describe the charges. The author believes that the reason is that there was no such thing as false information in our society at the time of legislation. At the same time, for the sake of simplicity of charges, legislators directly used common sayings in life as charges, and the meaning of the word "rumor" still means "fabricating and deliberately spreading false information".

Fourth, rumors containing some false facts should also belong to rumors. Article 1 of the Interpretation of Internet Defamation defines rumors as fabricating facts or "tampering with the original information content related to others on the information network as facts that damage others’ reputation", which actually refers to some false facts.

It should be noted that it is not scientific to judge false information by the proportion of the information contained in the event or whether it is confirmed. For a major event, even if it contains 1% false components, it may seriously harm the society, because this 1% false component may be the key fact or the fact that people are most concerned about in communication, so as long as it is false information, no matter how much the false component accounts for in the whole event, its own falsehood is 100%. At the same time, it is not practical to judge whether it is a rumor according to the proportion of false components.

To sum up, we should standardize the language of legislative and judicial documents, and express "rumors", "false information", "false facts" and "fabricated facts" as unified as possible as "false information", which can be fabricated in judicial practice.(manufacturing)False information and spreading false information are referred to as "spreading rumors" and "spreading rumors" for short.

(The authors are professors and doctoral students of Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

　　1. From 17 to 19, there was a rare heavy rain and snow weather in the central and eastern regions during the same period in history.

　　Since November 17th, there has been a large range of heavy rain and snow in the central and eastern regions of China, which has a wide range of influence and strong intensity, and is rare in the same period in history.

　　According to the monitoring data, as of the morning of the 19th, there were heavy blizzards in parts of southeastern Heilongjiang, northwestern Jilin, central and southeastern Inner Mongolia, and heavy blizzards in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, Tongliao and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia (snowfall 20 ~ 43mm); Heavy rains occurred in southeastern Jilin, eastern Liaoning, Shandong, central and eastern Henan, central and northern Jiangsu, central and northern Anhui, southwestern and eastern Hubei, northern Chongqing, northeastern Sichuan and other places, and heavy rains occurred in Dandong, Liaoning and northern Chongqing (rainfall 100 ~ 141 mm); The depth of snow in southeastern Heilongjiang, western Jilin and central and eastern Inner Mongolia is 5-10 cm, and the local area is 15-25 cm.

　　According to statistics, the daily precipitation of 243 national meteorological observatories in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Henan and other places has exceeded the historical extreme in November since meteorological records were recorded.

　　On the morning of the 19th, the heavy rain and snow process was still not over, and the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning of blizzard: It is expected that there will be heavy snowstorms in parts of central and eastern Heilongjiang and central and northern Jilin in the next 24 hours, among which there will be heavy snowstorms in the eastern part of Heilongjiang (20 ~ 23 mm); The depth of newly added snow in the above areas is 5 ~ 10 cm, and the local area is more than 15 cm.

　　2. A new round of rain, snow and cooling weather struck from 20th to 22nd.

　　It is expected that there will be a large-scale rain and snow cooling weather again in the central and eastern regions from the 20th to the 22nd. The specific forecast is as follows:

　　Rain and snow forecast: From 20th to 22nd, there will be small to medium snow or sleet in the eastern part of northwest China, northern Sichuan Plateau, north China, northern Huanghuai and south-central part of northeast China, and there will be heavy snow or blizzard in the southeast of Qinghai, southern Gansu, north-central Shaanxi, Shanxi and northwest Hebei, with 1-5 cm of newly added snow and 8-10 cm of local area. There are small to moderate rains in the eastern part of Southwest China, southern Huanghuai, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and South China, and heavy rains in Chongqing, northwestern Hunan, Hubei and central Anhui.

　　Temperature forecast: From 19th to 23rd, affected by two cold air streams, the temperature in the central and eastern regions will continue to drop, with the temperature dropping by 8 ~ 12℃ in most areas, with the temperature dropping by more than 14℃ in parts of the south of the Yangtze River and northern South China. After the cold air passes, the lowest temperature 0℃ line will be pressed to the south-central part of Huanghuai on the morning of 23rd or 24th, in which the lowest temperature in north and northeast China is-12 ~-8℃ and the lowest temperature in south China and Huanghuai is-4 ~ 0℃. There are 4 ~ 6 northerly winds and 7 ~ 8 gusts in the north of the Yangtze River and the west of the south of the Yangtze River.

　　Meteorologists reminded that the public should guard against the adverse effects of snow and ice on roads caused by rain and snow and low visibility weather on travel traffic; Under the continuous suppression of cold air, the temperature in the south of the Yangtze River and the north will continue to drop in the next few days. Please ask the public to increase their clothes in time, take measures to prevent cold and wind, and beware of catching a cold.

　　(Editor: Su Jessie)

　　Since ancient times, the struggle between human beings and infectious diseases has never stopped. From cholera, smallpox and plague to the notorious Ebola virus, infectious diseases, like a sword of Damocles, are always hanging over human heads.

　　The "Black Death", also known as the plague, which once raged in Europe in the 14th century, originated in southwest Asia and spread to Europe around 1340s, and it was what Europe called it at that time. This plague killed about 75 million people all over the world, among which about 30%-60% people in Europe died of the Black Death.

　　A Plague Tale: Innocence is an adventure game set in the 14th century French Black Death. With its unique perspective, it combines historical events, fantasy elements and profound discussion of human nature, bringing a shocking adventure to players.

　　This game was released five years ago today (May 15th, 2019). At that time, its appearance may seem a little abrupt, and it was labeled as 2A production, which was above the indie game, but it was not superior, and it could only be regarded as a medium-sized game. However, it still left a deep impression on players with its wonderful role-building and story development.

　　Although in recent years, games with the theme of deadly diseases, plagues and other diseases are not uncommon, almost no game can be compared with the story of the plague: Innocence. This game almost truly restored the epidemic situation of that year: the ruthless trial of religion, the destruction of one village after another, the abuse of lynching by ignorant villagers, the helpless killing for survival, and the help of a few people with conscience. ……

　　Even though the game story is somewhat mysterious in explaining the source of the outbreak, it does present a series of real effects that infectious diseases will cause in reality. Moreover, in order to enhance the drama, some of the influences are indeed exaggerated, but it has also brought a strong shock to the characters and players in the play. Up to now, it is still widely regarded as one of the best works depicting such events.

　　Just like many games with virus as the theme, games with medieval history as the background are not uncommon. In The Story of the Plague: Innocence, whether it is a sunny town, a wilderness full of dead pigs, a battlefield littered with dead bodies, or an empty and lonely castle, the development team restores every scene to the medieval appearance as much as possible, creating a strong visual impact.

　　The most unforgettable thing in the game is that the protagonist group needs to cross a battlefield. There are corpses left in the war and people and animals who died of plague everywhere. Piles of dead bodies are all over the grass, and countless greedy mice are in droves, ready to pounce on the protagonist group trying to cross.

　　Although compared with real life, these large numbers of mice are undoubtedly exaggerated, this is one of the reasons why The Tale of the Plague: Innocence was highly praised at that time.

　　The game was set in France in 1349, when the plague was raging in the kingdom of France. The heroine Amisia’s family was suddenly pursued by the inquisition. Amisia, who witnessed her father’s tragic death, fled with her young brother Hugo in a hurry and began their bumpy escape journey.

　　Judging from the whole work, the plague is just a "fuse" floating on the surface. Although the plague raged, ironically, most of the main characters in the game did not die of the plague. What is really fatal is the selfishness, greed and malice of human nature.

　　Generally speaking, this is a low-cost and high-quality game, which has many advantages, such as wonderful plot, distinctive character and excellent dubbing, pictures and so on. At the same time, there are also shortcomings, such as fighting and solving puzzles with low sense of existence, which can be regarded as a plot masterpiece of "flaws do not cover Yu".

Xiaobian comments:

Experts interpret the resolution of 65 nm mask aligner.

Recently, the discussion about "65nm mask aligner" on the Internet is quite enthusiastic, but many comments lack authoritative basis, which leads to many people’s increasingly vague understanding of this technical concept. Some people explain the resolution of 65 nm mask aligner only by "8 nm alignment accuracy", and this simplified treatment deepens the confusion. Fortunately, with the promotion of popular science, the public has gradually reached a consensus: the prototype of the ArF light source mask aligner with 65 nm resolution and 8 nm overlay accuracy is about "XT:1460K" model introduced by ASML Company 20 years ago.

The next question is, can this mask aligner reach a higher level of chip manufacturing node with the help of multiple exposure technology? Looking back on an article published by IEEE in 2008, this paper discusses the challenge of 193 nm mask aligner in alignment accuracy control, and we briefly summarize it by analyzing the data in this paper.

In this paper, a series of mask aligner in ASML are listed, which evolved from dry type (such as 870G to 1400E) to the first generation submerged type (such as 1700Fi and 1900Gi), and their resolution and alignment accuracy changes are shown. In the chart, the blue line at the top represents the mask aligner resolution, which is almost equivalent to the node name of the chip in the era of dry lithography. Obviously, ASML’s XT:1400E dry ArF mask aligner matches the standards of 65nm resolution and 8nm alignment accuracy.

The orange line shows the maximum allowable deviation of registration accuracy at a certain resolution, for example, at a resolution of 65 nm, the allowable deviation is 11 nm. Therefore, the alignment accuracy of 8 nm completely meets the process standard of 65 nm. It is worth noting that before the 65 nm node, its importance has not been paid enough attention because of the large margin of overlay accuracy. When it reaches 65 nm, as dry lithography approaches the limit, the surplus space of alignment accuracy almost disappears.

It should be emphasized that the above registration accuracy standard is based on a single exposure.

In fact, ASML skipped the 65nm mask aligner and directly entered the immersion technology for the mass production of 32nm and 28nm chips. However, historical data show that the company has explored the use of a 65nm dry mask aligner with a numerical aperture of 0.93 to achieve a resolution of 40nm through double exposure technology, which was documented in the IEEE conference in 2006.

It is pointed out that for the 65nm mask aligner with a numerical aperture of 0.93, the registration accuracy required by a single exposure is 8nm, and it is required to be further improved to 5.6nm in the double exposure mode. This means that even the 8 nm alignment accuracy is not enough in the face of the demand of double exposure to 40 nm resolution. Moreover, 40 nm is only the level of a single exposure of immersion mask aligner.

According to the analysis of available historical data, mask aligner with 65nm resolution and 8nm alignment accuracy is mainly suitable for the chip manufacturing process from 65nm to 55nm, and cannot effectively enter the finer manufacturing fields such as 32nm and 28nm through double exposure technology.

　　CCTV News:Yesterday (August 27th), at the media briefing of "Financial Knowledge Popularization Month" in 2021, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission focused on the popularization of financial knowledge such as reasonable borrowing and rational consumption for young consumers such as teenagers and school students. At the same time, focus on popularizing the concept of rational investment for the elderly, improve their anti-fraud awareness and self-protection ability, and require that banking and insurance institutions should not force the elderly to use bank cards, and should not force and violate regulations to handle business through self-service smart devices instead of the elderly.

CCTV News:Recently, the epidemic situation in Shanghai has developed rapidly, and the epidemic prevention and control is in a critical period. The National Health and Wellness Commission has dispatched more than 38,000 medical staff from 15 provinces across the country and supported Shanghai with the ability of 2.38 million tubes of nucleic acid detection every day. At the press conference yesterday (April 6), the person in charge of the relevant departments in Shanghai said that after the previous nucleic acid and antigen tests, the number of newly infected people in the city is still at a high level.

On the 6th, nucleic acid or antigen testing will be carried out again in Shanghai. Before this testing is completed, Shanghai will continue to implement district control. According to the arrangement, the residential areas (units and places) with positive infection during April 1 to 5 will be used as key areas for a nucleic acid screening. There is no positive infection in residential areas (units, places), to carry out an antigen test. Those who are engaged in urban service guarantee and are still on the move, such as express delivery and take-out, will conduct a nucleic acid screening in the territory, and adopt single-person and single-tube sampling and testing.

In response to the problem of accompanying infected children, the Shanghai Municipal Health and Health Commission said that it will continue to improve and perfect service guarantee measures, strengthen the care force, and meet the needs of parents for "same income and same treatment" according to the actual situation.

Wu Ganyu, First Inspector of Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission:For the case of family members infected, we also adopt a "parent-child treatment" model, so as to better care. In the second aspect, there are indeed some children with special needs. We want guardians to apply voluntarily and sign a letter of commitment to accompany them when they fully understand the possible health risks.

At present, Shanghai is making every effort to raise treatment beds and isolate housing, and choose places that meet epidemic prevention conditions to speed up the reconstruction and expansion. At present, Shanghai is transforming the National Convention and Exhibition Center, which is often called "four-leaf clover", into another shelter hospital. The construction of the shelter hospital involves about 420,000 square meters of 14 exhibition halls of the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai), and some of them are expected to be completed on the 8th of this month, which will provide more than 40,000 beds.

In addition, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce said that the news that online delivery of Shanghai express and take-out was going to stop was not true. At present, the daily number of riders on major e-commerce platforms such as take-out in Shanghai is about 11,000. Starting from the 6th, front-line workers such as foreign selling riders will be tested for nucleic acid and antigen once a day, and only when the results are negative can they take up their posts. In the next step, riders will be organized to live and serve at designated places, and the take-away capacity will be released.

Liu Min, Deputy Director of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce:We are working with all districts and towns to connect with supermarkets and e-commerce platforms, constantly improving the supply guarantee package, increasing daily necessities, epidemic prevention supplies and commonly used drugs, relying on third-party urban distribution logistics enterprises, and actively supporting all districts to establish a three-level linkage supply guarantee system of collection and distribution, street transportation and distribution, and community direct delivery.