Original Zhao Bei Ten-Point Science

Because of the aging immune system, vaccines are less effective for the elderly. Scientists believe that it is more important and more widely used to develop drugs that can enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop vaccines for the elderly.

Along with skin aging, there is also the immune system. | Figure worm creativity

Author | Doctor of Immunology, Zhao Bei

Recently, many deaths caused by influenza vaccine in Korea have attracted attention. As of October 31st, the death toll rose to 83, of which 71 were over 70 years old (accounting for 85.5%). In addition to the possible quality problems of the vaccine itself, it also reminds us of the fact that the role of the vaccine for young people and the elderly is different.

This is also a difficult point in the development of COVID19 vaccine.

Increasing age, and aging immune system

As people get older, we experience a series of physical changes, such as hearing loss, skin relaxation, joint injury and so on, and even the vitality of the immune system gradually decreases. This phenomenon is called "immune aging". This is also the reason why the elderly have become the main targets of infection and death in Covid-19.

In the face of the out-of-control epidemic in COVID-19, USA, and the emergence of the second round of epidemic peak in Europe, vaccine research and development is in full swing in various countries, which is expected to be a life-saving straw to reverse the situation.

However, vaccines, a means of "actively mobilizing the human immune system to prevent real virus attacks", are usually far less effective in the elderly population-the immune response of the elderly to vaccines is often weaker. That is, the immune system of the elderly is more difficult to be mobilized by vaccines.

This means that vaccines may not protect those who need protection most.

So, how does the immune system age?

Our bodies are naturally resistant to most pathogens. Although the environment is full of pathogens, we still live well most of the time.

The human immune system is divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. The former is universal immunity. When the body encounters foreign objects (such as skin and mucous membrane), innate immunity will respond quickly. However, although it responds quickly, its ability is limited and it is often broken. For example, when it meets Covid-19, it can’t hold on.

The latter is the acquired immunity of the body, that is, for some pathogens that have not been seen before, the body must first fight with it and learn from it before it can gain immunity to it. The power of acquired immunity is very powerful. As long as the body can withstand the attack of pathogens in "learning" and meet the same pathogens in the future, it will not be a problem at all. For example, infectious diseases such as smallpox and chickenpox, if you get it once, you will generally not get it again.

When the body is invaded by foreign pathogens, such as viruses, innate immunity and acquired immunity will cooperate to resist.

In the innate immune system, immune cells, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells, will recognize or even devour the virus first, and secrete a large number of cytokines to summon more immune cells with different functions to join the battle. Some of these cells, such as phagocytes and dendritic cells, will also transmit the antigens of these viruses (substances that can cause antibody production) to the subsequent T cells and B cells, which are representatives of acquired immune cells.

T-cells and B-cells (shown here as antibodies produced by B-cells) are representatives of immune cells, and they are named after mature parts. The former is mature in thymus (English) and the latter is mature in bone marrow (English). Both are star immune cells. | Figure worm creativity

These two kinds of cells can not only produce antibodies and cytokines to quickly destroy the virus, but also form specific memory cells, so that they can respond quickly after encountering the same virus again.

When the immune system destroys the virus, immune cells will gather locally in the body, forming redness, swelling and heat pain, which is what we usually call inflammation. Proinflammatory factors secreted during this period, such as interleukin -1 and tumor necrosis factor α, can promote the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, but excessive inflammation may lead to cytokine storms and even life-threatening. Another kind of anti-inflammatory factor, such as interleukin -10, can prevent excessive inflammation and maintain the balance of the body environment.

These factors together constitute our immunity.

And what will happen to our immune function as we get older? What is the impact on vaccine development?

Compared with young people, the immune aging of the elderly is mainly manifested in two aspects:

The initial number of T cells and B cells decreased. Vaccine mainly stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. Only when there are a large number of B cells with high diversity of receptors in the body, the greater the probability of recognizing antigens, and the targeted (directional) antibodies and memory B cells can be formed. -The decrease of B cells will undoubtedly weaken this effect.

Chronic low-grade inflammation is easy to occur after vaccination. The aging and necrotic cells in the elderly can not be removed in time, which will stimulate the immune system continuously, causing immune cells (such as macrophages) to continuously secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the immune response cannot be terminated. The consequence is that the immune system can’t respond the next time the pathogenic microorganism attacks the human body, that is, immune dysfunction.

These lead to different effects of vaccines in the elderly and young people.

Vaccine research and development under "immune aging";

A special vaccine or an auxiliary drug to reverse aging?

For Covid-19, there are about 50 kinds of vaccines being tested in the world, but scientists are still not sure whether the vaccines are equally effective for the elderly.

One of the vaccines "mRNA-1273" being developed by Moderna, a biological company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, produced antibody levels similar to those of younger subjects in 40 subjects over the age of 56.

However, Pfizer and BioNTech, pharmaceutical companies located in Mainz, Germany, found in the first phase of the experiment that the antibody level induced by the vaccine "BNT162b2" was only half that of young people. It is certain that the antibody level produced by the elderly after vaccination is higher than that caused by the virus infection of their peers, but this is still not enough to explain whether the antibody induced by "BNT162b2" is enough to protect the elderly from the real virus attack.

Most of the vaccines being developed have elderly subjects, but more than half of the 18 latest candidate vaccines have no elderly subjects in clinical trials, which greatly increases the potential risks of vaccines to the elderly.

Some vaccines are being developed, which may have hidden dangers for the elderly. | Figure worm creativity

Facing the phenomenon of immune aging of the elderly, scientists are also actively looking for strategies.

Mainly includes the following two aspects:

(1) The first is how to enhance the immune response of the elderly induced by vaccines.

According to the experience in the research and development of influenza vaccine, the elderly are usually treated by increasing immune stimulating components (such as adjuvants) or increasing the dose of virus antigen to achieve the expected antibody level.

Other scientists have turned to developing drugs to enhance the immune system function of the elderly, that is, supplementing drugs at the same time of vaccination. This way aims to promote the rejuvenation of the immune system of the elderly, even reverse immune aging, and can also resist the virus more effectively when it is infected.

In the above two schemes, the research on reversing age, especially immune aging, has made some progress. In the past 20 years, scientists have found some key small molecular targets. One kind of anti-aging drugs acts on the protein molecule mTOR in the cell growth regulation pathway. Experiments show that inhibiting the expression of mTOR can prolong the life of Drosophila and even mice.

Joan Mannick, one of the founders of resTORbio, a biotechnology company in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, said that "mTOR participates in many biological regulation mechanisms, especially the process of human aging and organ dysfunction".

During his work at Novartis Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mannick published a study on mTOR protein in 2018, trying to answer the question "Can reducing the content of mTOR protein in the elderly improve the immune system function of the elderly?". 264 participants in the study received low-dose mTOR inhibitor or placebo respectively, and after six weeks, the infection rate of influenza virus and the effect of influenza vaccine were followed up. It was found that the number of people suffering from influenza in the elderly who received mTOR inhibitors decreased significantly, and the immune response caused by influenza vaccine was stronger.

Another study shows that mTOR inhibitor RTB101 can enhance the immune response of the elderly after coronavirus infection, and the elderly who receive mTOR inhibitor have lower coronavirus load and recover faster. At present, resTORbio is testing the preventive or therapeutic effect of RTB101 on Covid-19 infection in 550 elderly people over 65 years old in nursing homes.

In addition, at least four research teams are studying the therapeutic effect of rapamycin, another more mature mTOR inhibitor, on the elderly over 60 years old infected with COVID-19.

In addition, metformin, a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, also inhibits the activity of mTOR protein. Clinical data from China and the United States show that diabetic or obese patients who take metformin have less symptoms of Covid-19 infection and lower mortality.

Carolyn Bramante, a researcher at the University of Minnesota in the United States, pointed out that people with diabetes and obesity show immune deficiency very similar to that of the elderly. At present, Bramante and his colleagues are conducting a study involving 1,500 people to explore whether taking metformin can prevent Covid-19’s infection or alleviate its symptoms. Although the mechanism is not clear, decades of clinical data show that metformin has high safety, can be used in children and even pregnant women, and the cost is very low, which are the advantages of metformin.

(2) The second key is how to avoid causing or how to terminate chronic inflammatory reaction.

Studies have found that losmapimod, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat muscular dystrophy, can inhibit chronic inflammatory response and improve the body’s response when viruses or bacteria invade. A biological company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA recruited 400 volunteers to verify the therapeutic effect of losmapimod on patients with COVID-19. The drug may be able to treat symptoms such as respiratory failure after Covid-19 infection, thus saving patients’ lives.

Many scientists say that it is more important to develop drugs to enhance the immune function of the elderly than to develop COVID-19 vaccine for the elderly, and the latter is more universal, which can improve the protection effect of influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine and even other vaccines in the future. A deep understanding of immune aging and its regulation mechanism and the development of related drugs will also have far-reaching implications for the treatment of other diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

In short, although there are always difficulties in vaccine development, known or unknown, scientists have been working hard and believe that methods will always be found.

(Editor Gao Peiwen)

Original information:

Cassandra Willyard, Nature vol 586, 15.10.2020

Reference information:

1. Anderson E. J.et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 2020

2. Walsh E. E. etal., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 (2020)

3. Helfand B. K. I. et al., JAMA Intern. Med., 2020

4. Mannick J. B. et al., Sci. Transl. Med., 2020

5. Luo P. et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2020

6. Bramante, C. et al., Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135095(2020)

7. Vukmanovic-Stejic M. et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2018

The article was published by "Ten Points of Science" (ID: Science _ 10) WeChat official account, please indicate the source.

Original title: "Immune aging that cannot be underestimated: old age may lead to ineffective vaccines"

Read the original text

Messi wrote his own legend in Barcelona.

In the early morning of January 31st, Beijing time, Barcelona beat Leganés 5-0 in the fourth round of the King’s Cup, and Messi scored twice for his 500th victory in Barcelona. The team’s full firepower seemed to send a signal to the outside world: even if no striker was introduced in the winter window, Barcelona could still score.

When Messi came out of power, his old rival Cristiano Ronaldo had to face embarrassment. According to a online celebrity analysis website, although there are as many as 200 million Portuguese social network fans, as many as 25% of them belong to "zombie fans".

Before the winter transfer in Europe was closed, some important players decided on their next homes one after another, including Manchester United official bruno fernandez, whose highest transfer price is expected to reach 80 million euros. In addition, Paco’s joining Villarreal also broke the transfer record in team history.

Messi has left more and more names on Barcelona’s record list.

King’s Cup Barcelona 5-0, Messi 500 wins milestone?

In the early morning of 31st, the fourth round of the Spanish King’s Cup in 2019-2020 was contested at Camp Nou. Barcelona beat Leganés 5-0 at home and Messi scored twice.

In the face of Leganés, who ranked second to last in the league, Barcelona fought a bloody battle. Gleizman, Langlais and Artur all scored goals. Messi himself scored two goals in the 59th and 89th minutes. Although the victory was easy, it was a milestone for Messi. This victory was his 500th victory for Barcelona. Since winning for Barcelona for the first time on October 16th, 2004, Messi has never stopped.

Messi has won the most games in the history of Barcelona, followed by Harvey, with 476 games. In addition, Messi has won 86 teams, including as many as 29 victories against Seville.

In this campaign, Setien, the coach of Barcelona, changed his formation back to 433, which Barcelona used to be used to. After the game, the new coach also gave an answer to the lack of signings in Barcelona’s winter window. "Dembele will be back soon in these weeks. He has special abilities and we will try our best to let him find his best state. (Not signing) Maybe there will be some risks when a player is injured, but I believe in my players."

Interestingly, L ‘Equipe revealed that Bakambu, a foreign aid who played for Beijing Guoan, had already entered Barcelona’s signing list. Guoan even received an offer from Barcelona, and Guoan, who was preparing for the pre-season in South Korea, decided to release him. The problem was that when Bakambu arrived in Hong Kong to transfer to Spain, he received a phone call from Abidar, director of Barcelona, and was told that Barcelona finally decided to withdraw his offer, so the player had to fly back to South Korea. Afterwards, Bakambu posted a passage on social media, in which he said with a little ridicule, "Please add’ Almost Joining Barcelona’ to my transfer history in Transfer Market. No matter what happens, I believe in the fate process, thank God. Gleizman, let’s meet again sometime. "

Among C Ronaldo’s social network fans, there are a large number of "suspicious accounts".

C Ronaldo also has zombie fans?

Not long ago, Cristiano Ronaldo’s Ins fans reached an astonishing 200 million, and he even published an Ins status celebration. However, a online celebrity analysis website named HypeAuditor found that 72% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s 200 million fans were real people, 2.1% were online celebrity, another 18.7% were "suspicious accounts", and the remaining 6.4% were "automatically following fans"-that is, the number of followers exceeded.

"Ins robots" are classified as suspicious accounts. They are used to handle likes or comments and also play a role in buying powder. Therefore, 25%-about 50 million fans are not real people. It is worth mentioning that as early as 2015, the Daily Sports Daily broke the news that as many as 64% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s Twitter followers were "zombie fans". The media said that as many as 21 million Cristiano Ronaldo’s Twitter followers were behind him, their Twitter accounts were inactive. Of course, all this may have nothing to do with Cristiano Ronaldo himself. Celebrity social accounts will be run by related teams, and it is reasonable to "buy powder". In fact, another research and analysis in November last year showed that 51% of Cristiano Ronaldo’s former teammate Cross’s fans are "zombie fans", which is the highest among Ins users.

This time, HypeAuditor also analyzed the composition of C Ronaldo’s fans. 49% fans are not interested in sports, but pay more attention to music and even fashion. In addition, 72% of C Ronaldo’s fans are men and 28% are women. There are more fans from India than other places, with 22% fans from India; The second place is Iran, with 15%; There are 3% fans from Madrid, the city where Cristiano Ronaldo’s old club Real Madrid is located. In terms of language use, 44% are English users, 9% are Persian and 9% are Arabic.

Manchester United need to pay up to 80 million euros for Fernandez.

Manchester United officially announced bruno fernandez.

In the early morning of the 31st, Manchester United officially announced that bruno fernandez had joined the club. It is reported that the two parties signed a contract for five and a half years, and there is a one-year renewal option.

In fact, 24 hours ago, Manchester United reached an agreement with Portuguese Sports on the transfer of Fernandez. According to the figures released by Portuguese Sports, Manchester United needs to pay him a maximum of 80 million euros, including 55 million fixed transfer fee plus 25 million floating amount. According to the relevant provisions, 5 million euros is related to the number of appearances, and another 5 million euros depends on whether Manchester United can qualify for the Champions League. In addition, 15 million euros depends on Fernandez’s personal achievements in Manchester United in the future. It is reported that if Fernandez switches to another team in the future, Portuguese sports can still reap 10% income from the transfer fee.

During his two and a half seasons in Portuguese sports, Fernandez played excellent data, with 16 goals and 20 assists in 2017-18 and 32 goals and 18 assists in 2018-19. He has scored 15 goals and 14 assists in the middle of this season. According to the outside world, his joining will inject vitality into Manchester United’s frontcourt attack. Head coach Oleskjaer also said in an interview: "We have been paying attention to Fernandez for several months, and he.

I wonder if Paco can reproduce his previous style in Villarreal.

Paco joined Villarreal, and the transfer fee broke the team history record.

A few days ago, Villarreal officially announced the signing of Spanish striker Paco Alcácer from Dortmund for five and a half years.

According to the previous report of Kicker, the transfer fee of Dortmund striker Paco to Villarreal totaled about 30 million euros, while the version of AS newspaper was 23 million euros, while Dortmund originally signed Paco from Barcelona at a cost of 23 million euros. In any case, Paco’s transfer fee broke the record of "Yellow Submarine" when 20 million euros signed Gerard Moreno two seasons ago.

Last season, Paco scored 18 goals in 26 Bundesliga games, but this season he only played 11 Bundesliga games and contributed 5 goals and 1 assist. With the arrival of Harland, his position has been gradually marginalized. Paco came from Valencia youth training. At the age of 18, he scored 28 goals in 27 games in a single season. He played for the first team of Bat Corps for 3 seasons, scoring 43 goals and assisting 17 times in 124 appearances. In the 2016/17 season, Barcelona signed him for 30 million euros. He played for Barcelona for one and a half seasons, made 50 appearances, scored 15 goals and made 8 assists, won the league championship and the King’s Cup on behalf of Barcelona, and then landed in the Bundesliga … Now Villarreal has introduced Paco with a record transfer fee, so I naturally hope that he will regain his previous style.

Deschamps is very dissatisfied with being labeled as "discrimination".

Deschamps took cantona to court.

A few days ago, according to the news of French media RMC, the case of French team coach Deschamps suing cantona will be officially opened in Paris at the end of February.

The contradiction between them stems from cantona’s inappropriate comments on Deschamps’ selection of players in 2016. At that time, cantona thought that Deschamps’ national team discriminated against players with North African descent, which made them have an issue. Although it has been three years, Deschamps decided to resort to the law.

In an interview with the Guardian before the 2016 European Cup, cantona said: "Benzema is a great player, and so is Ben Alpha, but Deschamps has a real French name. He may be the only person in France who really has a French name. No one in his family has been combined with people of other descent, so I am not surprised when he did not take Benzema to the European Cup. Ben Alpha may be the best player in France.

Cantona’s meaning is very clear. Because both players are of North African descent, they were abandoned by the head coach, but this statement obviously doesn’t work. Deschamps’ team is a powerful whole composed of players of different colors and bloodlines. In 2016, he won the runner-up in the European Cup and reached the peak in the 2018 World Cup. A large number of black players such as Bogba and Mbappé are still the absolute core. Deschamps has no reason to exclude players with North African descent. In fact, Ben Alfa has already gone from bad to worse, and Benzema can’t make it because of the fierce competition in the front.

Deschamps responded at the first time: "I don’t understand what he is saying at all, and I will never forgive him for slandering me."

In 2017, Deschamps entrusted a lawyer to prepare to sue cantona, but the case did not enter the final judicial procedure until today. It is reported that the court will hold a hearing on February 28th, and judging from the current situation, cantona, who has no secret words, may be overwhelmed.

Ding Junhui continued his ups and downs.

Ding Junhui missed the top 16 in the German Masters.

On January 30th, German snooker master Sai Ding Junhui lost to Scottish Donaldson 4-5 and missed the top 16, which was his second defeat to the same opponent in a week.

Last week’s European master Sai Ding Junhui just met Donaldson, when he lost to his opponent 2-5 in the second round and missed the quarter-finals. Fighting again after a week, Ding Junhui failed to take revenge and add new hatred. Before the game, the two sides were evenly divided in the first four games. Ding Junhui scored 55 points in the third game and Donaldson shot 132 in the fourth game. After the break, Ding Junhui won two games in a row 60-50 and 72-0 to get the match point, but Donaldson chased two games in a row; Although Ding Junhui scored 50 points in the deciding game, it was a pity that Donaldson still scored 52 points in one shot, which was a pity.

It is worth mentioning that Donaldson lost against Ding Junhui three times in a row before these two confrontations. Now the player ranked 24th in the world seems to have found the confidence to beat Ding Junhui. On the other hand, Ding Junhui, after winning the championship in the British Championship at the end of 2019 and ending the shortage of ranking titles for more than two years, was frustrated again in 2020, with a round of snooker masters, a round of European masters and a round of German masters … He was depressed.

In the retail circle, the membership system has been iterative, so we might as well look at the membership logic from Amazon, Nike, Sephora, Starbucks and Xiaomi.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Retail Watch (ID: On Retail), author: Wang Ziwei

For retailers, the membership system is basically unavoidable. Let’s take a look at what the most mainstream membership system in the e-commerce era is like.

From a global perspective, there are seven most common forms:

1. Integral-hierarchy system

2. Service subscription system

3. Entity subscription system

4. Charity system

5. Sharing cooperation system

6. Community system

7. TOKEN system

I. Integral-Hierarchy System

This is almost the simplest one. In short, every time you spend X yuan, you get Y points. The more you spend, the higher the score.The only variable seems to be that there may be reward points at different times and through different channels, such as 5 times points for in-store consumption during the celebration period and 10 times points for e-commerce consumption during the Black Five/double 11 period.

Let’s take a foreign example, that is, the clothing brand "North"（North Face）",its integral system is called" VIPeak ".

For consumers, understanding this system is also very simple, that is, for every dollar spent, they get 10 points-whether online or offline, if they spend at outlets, they get 5 points for every dollar.

These points can be used in future consumption. To this end, North Face allows users to manage their accounts, buy goods, see points and redeem rewards through the App.

This is the simplest point system, through which consumers are willing to continue to shop. North Face is a typical single-level membership system.

Based on this logic, there will be a multi-level membership system, generally and periodically.(e.g. 1 year)The consumption amount or points are positively related.The characteristic of hierarchical system is that the higher consumers spend, the more rewards they get.

This level itself is also a gamification system, which links consumption with "playing". In the United States, a classic case is the beauty brand e.l.f

Consumers with 0-100 points are at the first level, consumers with 101-400 points are at the second level, and those with 401 points or above are at the highest level-the more membership points, the more unique the rewards.The uniqueness of the highest level is an important factor that urges consumers to buy more goods.

From the point of view of points, the first-level consumers get 2 points for spending 1 dollar, the second-level consumers get 4 points for spending 1 dollar, and the third-level consumers get 6 points for spending 1 dollar, and consumers can get corresponding services by using points.

Similarly, Starbucks in the United States also has this hierarchical system, which is divided into green card levels.（Green Level）And gold card level（Gold Level）.

When the user has less than 299 stars, it is a green card level, and will enjoy the privileges of getting 2 stars for every $1 spent, birthday gifts, mobile payment, placing orders in advance, and free refills in the store; When the number of stars reaches 300 or above, the user will be upgraded to the gold card level. At this time, he will not only enjoy all the green card level permissions, but also double the star accumulation day every month, get a gold card membership card with his name printed on it, and exchange free food or coffee every 125 stars.

In addition to getting stars through consumption, there are also some activities in Starbucks APP, such as going to the store for consumption at a specific time, getting extra stars, and buying specific goods to get extra star rewards.

Second, the paid subscription system-service category

In the payment system, consumers need to pay a monthly fee or an annual fee to become a VIP. Generally speaking, there must be a solid consumer base.After all, it is difficult for you to make a new user become a paying member with little contact with you, so this payment system is basically used to maintain experienced users.

In addition, this payment system must have membership benefits, otherwise users don’t have to pay you in vain.

The most classic case is Amazon. Now Prime with an annual fee of $119 only needs $79 at the earliest, but only one problem was solved in that year, that is, it was guaranteed to be delivered free of charge within 2 days. This was the biggest problem of e-commerce in that year, otherwise a product would only be available in 2-3 weeks, and even if the price was superior, it could not wait.

Later, many functions were added to Prime for free, such as Amazon music, Amazon photos (unlimited storage of photos) and Amazon videos.(Watch all kinds of movies, dramas and original dramas at will)Wait a minute. In 2018, according to data from investment bank JP Morgan, the annual membership fee of $119 is worth about $784, which can be said to be over-valued.

The extreme, even extreme, is Costco.After covering the cost of goods, personnel and management expenses, the income generated by its goods is almost used up, so that its final profit returned to shareholders and membership fees are almost equal.

Third, the paid subscription system-commodity category

Another logic of the payment system is, "subscription box.（Subscription Box）Type ",that is, the subscription of physical items such as products/commodities.

The goods in the "subscription box" generally need to be purchased repeatedly. Take Bean Box as an example, it is the subscription of coffee-normal purchase is the normal price, but if you subscribe, you can always receive coffee on schedule within a cycle, and you can enjoy a discount.The essence is a behavior of directly locking consumers and locking demand, and then it may be the reverse supply chain.

Another advantage of this subscription is that it can increase the lifetime value of customers-from the case of Bean Box, can it be the same if you let consumers buy once and realize repeated service for six months, and let consumers buy for one month and one month?

Amazon has a similar service, and some products can be "subscribed" directly on the purchase page-usually with a discount of about 5%.

Fourth, the charity system

Discount can be a component of the membership system, but it is not necessary.

Therefore,The logic of the charity system is that you are attracting consumers with your own values, thus establishing a stronger relationship.The more common way is that enterprises donate a percentage of their income to charity, such as donating the money to charities, disease research institutions, animal protection organizations and so on.

A small evolutionary version here is that the enterprise will give you several optional donor institutions, and you can choose the one you are willing to donate. This is the case with The Body Shop in America, which introduced animal welfare into its membership system.

In addition to receiving rewards and VIP treatment, consumers can also choose to donate a percentage of their spending to Born Free USA, an animal welfare institution. This is also because The Body Shop has always emphasized environmental responsibility.

This logic lies in that the communication with consumers is not only the exchange of goods and services, but also the integration of values, which in turn makes the loyalty of consumers come to a different and uncontested field.It can be said to be a "blue ocean strategy of values".

V. Sharing cooperation system

A consumer will not only have a membership card, so the demand is also diverse. It can be said that consumers’ spending time is very idle, and the core is whether businesses from different formats can "cut leeks" together-buy electronic products from you, shoes from me and snacks from him.

Therefore, consumers will also want more flexibility in rewards. At this time, what is needed is cross-industry cooperation, which is equivalent to consumer sharing. After all, every enterprise has private domain traffic and data is single-segmented. If(Where permitted by law)Realize the docking of data, then almost draw the whole life of consumers.

In the United States, Nike’s membership system is like this. It has cooperated with Apple, Classpass and Headspace. These companies are not randomly selected, but can be linked to sports. They belong to the cooperation of several enterprises with sports as their core values.

At the same time, Nike also has a variety of apps for different sports to help members achieve their exercise goals. Then as long as the consumer’s behavior can be recorded by the App, then you can get a reward.

Japan’s Sakya Bookstore is also this logic, which focuses on life: through the T-card system, the parent company of Sakya Bookstore has opened 887,000 stores in 179 Japanese companies in May 2018, realizing the universality of points, and the profit does not come from the points themselves, but from the big data insight of consumers. Because consumer data is no longer just a single book purchase, eating, shopping, but all the synthesis.

In China, this kind of cross-industry cooperation is also gradually emerging. For example, JD.COM Plus can give you an iQiyi member.It is also the opening of data and traffic sharing between the two parties, which in turn turns traffic into "reservation".

VI. Community system

Beauty cosmetics brand Sephora（Sephora）Beauty Insider, a membership system, must be said. On the one hand, this system can be upgraded to three grades based on consumption, and every dollar spent in each grade can get different grades of points feedback.(1 dollar for 1 point, 1.25 points, 1.5 points respectively)At the same time, there are opportunities to get more exclusive services with the improvement of grades in the traditional "hierarchical system".

Besides,The biggest feature of Sephora’s membership system is the establishment of a community-to communicate with various members, find inspiration, participate in exclusive activities and so on.At this time, members of Sephora come to the brand community, and Sephora can understand the needs of consumers and then optimize its product design.

This logic also exists in China, that is, in Xiaomi’s community, a group of fans gather in the community to communicate with each other and put forward their own needs, and Xiaomi’s product manager can collect relevant information and update the corresponding system: users feel that they are valued, and Xiaomi has obtained consumer demand and met consumer demand, and both sides are happy.

Seven, TOKEN type

The last one is the TOKEN logic in the blockchain, or,Is similar to "asset securitization"（ABS）The idea of "assets token" should be called as a kind of "assets token"（ABT）”。

This kind of logic can be seen in China. At present, it can be simply divided into two types. The first type is "commodity tokenization", which is represented by the second-hand e-commerce enjoyment theory, and the second type is "behavior tokenization". I think the representatives are interesting headlines and today’s headlines. Let’s look at it together:

"Commodity Tokenization"

The problem with second-hand e-commerce is that the seller wants to sell an item that is "emotionally connected with himself", and based on game theory, the buyer will directly regard all second-hand goods as having a problem, forming a "lemon market effect" and paying a very low price, or, no matter how wonderful your price is and how perfect the goods are, I will ask for a 20% discount first and then post it-as long as I have sold something on idle fish once.

This will greatly reduce the efficiency of the transaction, and the seller will usually feel very uncomfortable, and finally there may be problems on the "supply side", which will have a negative effect on the market.

The logic of enjoying things is very interesting, that is, instead of introducing money, users use small red flowers. Users earn small red flowers through various behaviors, such as signing in and sharing, and then "exchange" other people’s goods with their own small red flowers. Because the little red flower is not anchored with the RMB, so,Users will participate in the purchase according to their real needs, rather than the "chopping behavior" caused by "consumerism".As a result, the pressure on both buyers and sellers is reduced, which greatly promotes the circulation efficiency of goods.

This logic actually exists in offline channels, that is, "moon cake tickets", that is, the moon cakes are placed there, and the person who finally gets the tickets goes to a specific place to pick up the goods. As for the intermediate process-the goods are not moving, and the tickets are flying around, which greatly reduces the cost. The logic of this set of freight tickets is "online" and combined with the mode of second-hand e-commerce, which forms the theory of enjoying things.

"Behavior Tokenization"

The second logic is "behavior token", which is the case with interesting headlines.

To put it simply, users can be rewarded for all their behaviors on the APP, including reading gold coins, watching videos, sharing gold coins, and rewarding users with "tokens" in a different way, and then this "token" is every cycle.(The period of interesting headlines is "1 day")Will be cleared, converted into RMB, accumulated to a certain amount, you can withdraw cash-or buy other goods directly in the APP.

The logic is simple,Retaining customers requires costs, so why not give these costs directly to customers as much as possible?And these sources of RMB are also simple, just divide the gross profit of each cycle directly. So now, we will find that many apps have this logic, such as the extreme version of today’s headlines, various headline apps, and various information apps.

Related links:"Integral Incentive System" from the Perspectives of JD.COM, Interesting Headlines and Amaya.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Retail Watch (ID: On Retail), author: Wang Ziwei

1905 movie network news From, to, almost every summer, there will be a national ramble out of the tight encirclement. This year, the first film in the series of painting rivers and lakes — — The curse of the wind. After the trailer was released at Cannes Film Festival in 2014, five years later, The Wind Spell was finally produced and will be shown to the audience on July 13th. Let many fans sigh, and finally wait for you.

In the preview released this time, Xia Lan used the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth to fight fiercely with fierce beasts. According to legend, only the power of wind can compete with it, revealing the meaning of the title "Wind Spell" and setting up a world view full of Chinese style. In the poster released together, the young volley confronted the huge gluttony, revealing a stirring story of the rise of a young hero.

　

The most valuable guoman IP　The Wind Spell permeates the national wind into every detail.

From its first broadcast in 2012 to the present, the painting rivers and lakes have created many high-quality comic dramas, such as Xia Lan, Bad Man, Soul Master, Cup Don’t Stop, and Changed Students, which can be said to be the most cosmopolitan and vital national comic, and also regarded as the most valuable national comic IP in the industry. Therefore, the first movie of painting rivers and lakes was placed high hopes by anime fans to help the rise of the country.

In the preview, the mythical gluttony in this world, Xia Lan uses the power of five elements to compete, and the teenager wants to be a hero when he enters the rivers and lakes … … The setting of the whole world outlook in the Wind Mantra is full of Chinese style. The same is true of the details. Fierce beasts, which are mostly composed of curved designs, and rivers and lakes in noisy streets are trying their best to convey an oriental aesthetics, which conforms to the audience’s imagination of "national ramble". Director Liu Kuo almost "digs" these details to the extreme. "Let the China audience like it first and see it comfortably."

　

Hold back the movie dream for six years and develop the only domestic animation engine.　"grab back" some audiences for Guoman

The completion of the Wind Spell took five years of preparation and three years of production. But the time behind it is far more than that. In the mind of director Liu Kuo, this movie dream has been held back for too long. "Although I had a dream of making movies long ago, I still held back. I want to make myself strong first. Because the country in my heart is made by ourselves. "

With this in mind, director Liu Kuo and the team started to develop a "Datura Engine" for animation. After six years of "darkness before dawn", China’s 3D animation finally has the original ability of the whole process. After tens of thousands of minutes of animation polishing, "Wind Spell" was finally launched. The film is about to be released, and Liu Kuo revealed his hope that "in the case that the China market has been occupied by Hollywood and Japanese animation for a long time, we can win back some audiences for domestic animated films in China"!

　　On May 17, Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics, said in response to the latest population data that China is currently in a state of mild aging.

　　Fu Linghui said that there are some misunderstandings in the society, and many people think that China has entered a deeply aging society. In fact, there is a general understanding in the world that a country’s population over 60 years old accounts for more than 10% of the total population, and this country has entered an aging society. Between 10% and 20%, it is mildly aging, between 20% and 30%, it is moderately aging, and over 30% is severely aging. According to the census, the proportion of elderly people over 60 years old in China is 18.7%, which shows that China is still in a state of mild aging. (CCTV reporter Yang Yi Zhou Ling)

　　CCTV News:On the morning of October 9, local time in Sweden, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm that it would award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Wittingham and Yoshino Akira in recognition of them."developing lithium-ion batteries"The contribution of. They will share the prize of 9 million Swedish kronor (about 6.5 million yuan).

　　Lithium-ion batteries have completely changed our lives and are used in all applications, from mobile phones to laptops and electric cars. Through the work of the winners, this year’s Nobel Prize winner in chemistryIt laid the foundation for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society..

　　In the early 1970s, M. Stanley Wittingham, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was developing.The first functional lithium batteryAt that time, the great power of lithium was used to release its external electrons.

　　John B. Goodenough, winner of the 2019 chemistry prize.The potential of the lithium battery is doubled.It creates suitable conditions for more powerful and useful batteries.

　　This year’s Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, Akira Yoshino, succeeded inPure lithium was removed from the battery.Instead, it is based on lithium ions that are safer than pure lithium. This makes the battery feasible in practice.

　　John B. Goodenough isFather of lithium batteryHe made the lithium battery smaller, larger and more stable in use, thus realizing commercialization and at the same time starting the process of portable electronic equipment. At present, he is Professor department of mechanical engineering of the University of Texas at Austin, USA. At the age of 97, he is a famous solid physicist, the inventor of cathode materials of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate and Ferrous lithium phosphate, and one of the founders of lithium-ion batteries. He designs new materials by studying the relationship between chemistry, structure and solid electron/ion properties, and solves material science problems. Sony produced the world’s first commercial lithium battery after adopting Goodenough theory in 1991. Since then, mobile phones, cameras, hand-held cameras and even electric vehicles have entered the era of portable new energy.

　　M Stanley Whitingham is currently a professor of chemistry and director of the Institute of Materials and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Binghamton University, State University of New York.

　　Akira Yoshino, a Japanese chemist, is currently a researcher at Asahi Kasei and a professor at meijo university. He was commended by Zi Zi. Yoshino is the inventor of modern lithium-ion batteries, and has won the highest honor in engineering, the Global Energy Award and the Charles Stark Draper Award. (CCTV reporter Hao Xiaoli)

With the popularization of HPV vaccine knowledge, many people want to be vaccinated with HPV vaccine. But how much do you know about HPV vaccine? What is the difference in the applicable population of HPV vaccines with different "prices"? In this regard, Chen Shouzhen, deputy director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, summed up ten common questions and answered them to the majority of netizens.

What is HPV virus?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus, so it is called human papillomavirus because it only infects humans. There are more than 200 subtypes of HPV, which can be divided into high-risk type and low-risk type according to whether they are carcinogenic or not.

Low-risk type usually infects the skin and causes warts, commonly known as boils. Most of them can naturally subside in 3-5 years, and some may need laser, freezing and other methods to remove them.

There are about 15 HPV subtypes (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82) that can cause malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, so they are called high-risk HPV. Among them, HPV16/18 has the highest risk of cancer. About 70% of cervical cancer in the world is caused by high-risk HPV16 and 18, and 20% is caused by HPV31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. HPV16 types 16 and 18 are also associated with oropharyngeal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer and anal cancer.

Will HPV infection definitely lead to cancer?

Persistent infection of high-risk HPV will lead to cancer. More than 90% of HPV infections usually subside naturally within 2 years. If carcinogenic HPV infection lasts for more than 1 year, the possibility of precancerous or cancerous lesions will increase, but not all persistent infections will progress. Only less than 1% of infections will develop into cancer after 5 to 10 years of precancerous lesions. Therefore, even if there is HPV infection, it will not necessarily become cancer, but we should pay attention to the corresponding screening.

At present, there is no specific drug to treat HPV. Through regular screening, we can observe the situation of HPV infection, so that we can treat it at an appropriate time and reduce the risk of cancer.

Personal life is very healthy, how can you be infected with HPV?

HPV virus spreads in various ways.

It can be widely spread among people through skin contact, and more than 80% of women have been infected with HPV at least once in their lives. Sexual life is the main reason why HPV spreads around the anus and genitals. Sticking to the correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of HPV infection.

Generally speaking, there are many ways of HPV infection. At present, there is no good way to prevent HPV infection, but healthy living habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, and wiping separately after going to the toilet may reduce the probability of HPV infection. Even if you are infected with HPV, you don’t have to be nervous, because most HPV infections can be monitored regularly after infection, and generally will naturally fade away soon.

How to prevent HPV transmission?

Vaccination with HPV vaccine can safely prevent cancer caused by persistent HPV infection.

Vaccination with tetravalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine can also prevent condyloma acuminatum, which is a benign disease, but the treatment failure rate is relatively high, affecting physical and mental health. Therefore, for the majority of women, it is very necessary to vaccinate HPV vaccine.

How to choose HPV vaccine?

At present, three different vaccines have been developed, which are divided into bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines according to the number of HPV subtypes they target. Simply put, bivalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV types 16 and 18; The tetravalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV6, 11, 16 and 18; The nine-valent HPV vaccine not only targets the same HPV subtype as the four-valent vaccine, but also targets types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. At present, HPV vaccines are all preventive vaccines, aiming at preventing initial HPV infection and subsequent HPV-related diseases.

At present, many hospitals, from community medical service centers to tertiary hospitals, have HPV vaccines, and these HPV vaccines can be safely vaccinated. Because of limited resources, the queue time of nine-valent vaccine will be longer. If resources and funds are not a problem, it is recommended to vaccinate the nine-valent HPV vaccine. If there is no nine-valent HPV vaccine, tetravalent HPV vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine are also good choices, because both vaccines cover the most dangerous types 16 and 18. Generally speaking, you should try to use the same vaccine preparation to complete vaccination. However, if you don’t know the original HPV vaccine dosage form, you can also use another HPV vaccine preparation to complete the subsequent vaccination.

At what age is it appropriate to get HPV vaccine?

At present, the recommended age of HPV vaccination in China is 9-45 years old. Most countries in the world recommend routine HPV vaccination at the age of 11-12, and some suggest starting from the age of 9. For teenagers and adults aged 13-26, replanting is also recommended if they have not been vaccinated with HPV vaccine or have not completed a series of vaccines.

Why don’t foreign countries recommend routine replanting for adults over 27 years old? This is because with the increase of age, the possibility of infection with subtypes covered by HPV vaccine is gradually increasing. For older people, the benefit and cost performance of HPV vaccination are low. However, research shows that there are two peaks of high-risk infection among women in China: 17-24 years old and 40-44 years old, and single HPV infection is the main infection. Considering the characteristics of female infection and the low coverage rate of cervical cancer screening, experts suggest that women aged 9-26 should be vaccinated with HPV, and women aged 27-45 should be vaccinated when conditions permit. Women over the age of 45 don’t have to worry. At this stage, the HPV vaccine is low in cost performance, and the standardized HPV screening is enough to prevent cancer.

In the recommended age range, the best time for HPV vaccination is before the first sexual intercourse, because HPV vaccine immunization is the most effective for individuals who are not infected with HPV. That is to say, the younger you are when you are vaccinated with HPV, the more the incidence of cervical cancer decreases.

Are there any side effects of vaccination?

Vaccination of HPV vaccine, like other vaccines, may have pain, swelling and erythema at the inoculation site. A few people may have syncope or dizziness, and there are some rare other side effects, which may be related to the adjuvant in the vaccine, so you can rest assured to vaccinate. In addition, HPV vaccine can be safely inoculated in different parts with other vaccines at the same time. At present, there is evidence that inoculation of tetanus, acellular pertussis, diphtheria and inactivated polio vaccine at the same time with HPV vaccine does not damage the immune effect of the body against HPV vaccine or other vaccines at the same time.

Because there is no relevant evidence, it is generally not recommended to vaccinate HPV during pregnancy. However, with the increase of the number of people vaccinated, more and more data about unintentional vaccination after pregnancy show that vaccination during pregnancy has no effect on the safety of mother and child. Nevertheless, the remaining vaccination should be postponed, and it is best for vaccinated women to get pregnant two months after the vaccination is completed. Vaccine does not affect the safety of breastfeeding, but at present, such data are limited, so it is necessary to carefully consider HPV vaccination for lactating women.

I have been infected with HPV before, can I still be vaccinated?

There is no need to evaluate whether you have been infected with HPV before vaccination. A history of abnormal cervical cancer screening, genital warts and HPV infection is not a taboo for HPV immunization. Because these conditions all suggest that HPV was infected in the past, but it is not necessarily HPV subtype infection covered by HPV vaccine. For people who have a history of HPV infection but are still within the recommended age range, vaccination is still recommended because it still has a protective effect on the uninfected vaccine strain HPV virus. However, for people who have been infected with the subtype covered by HPV vaccine, the benefits of immunization are small.

What if we miss the seeds? I have been vaccinated with bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccine before. Do I need to replant with nine-valent HPV vaccine?

Missing seeds means that immunization is not carried out according to the schedule. At present, the evidence shows that no matter how long the series vaccination is interrupted, it can continue to vaccinate without restarting the series vaccination.

Now it is found that HPV vaccine has a long-lasting protective effect against HPV-related diseases, and there is no need for multiple cropping. For women who have already completed bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccination, the benefit of using nine-valent vaccine for multiple inoculation may not be obvious, so it is not recommended.

After vaccination with HPV vaccine, can I avoid regular screening?

At present, HPV vaccine can only prevent infection. After vaccination, existing HPV infection, genital warts or precancerous lesions cannot be eliminated, and the vaccine can only prevent cervical cancer caused by seven subtypes at most. After injection of HPV vaccine, other subtypes of HPV may still be infected, which may lead to cancer. Therefore, cervical cancer screening is still needed after HPV vaccination.

Domestic Suzuki New Alto appeared in Beijing.

　　Recently, when Sohu netizens went to a 4S shop in Changan Suzuki for maintenance, they found a new Alto parked in the corner of the shop, which had been heated by major media. They walked over and observed it carefully, and found that the whole car was fine in workmanship, and the pink metallic paint was very bright. The teardrop-shaped headlights on the front of the car were the highlights of the whole car, which raised a lot of spirits for this car. The large-mouth grille follows the design idea of big brother Audi, but it has a lovely appearance on Alto’s little face. The Suzuki "S" chrome-plated logo on the big mouth is huge and eye-catching, which plays a finishing touch for this cute and playful little face.

Car side modeling dynamic fashion body length 3500mm.

　　The side shape of the car body feels familiar. The relatively long front door and short rear door are typical design ideas of a five-door mini-car. The lower edge of the window that rises all the way extends from the A-pillar to the C-pillar, which is dynamic and fashionable. However, due to the body length of 3500mm and the narrow rear door design, the rear door window has become a triangle-like shape. However, the domestic Alto of Changan Suzuki version is different from the European version. The rear door window does not use a low-cost negative pressure ventilation window, but is replaced by an electric lifting window to cater to the tastes of Chinese people, which greatly improves the convenience of use. The overall shape of the side of the car body is similar to that of Global Hawk Panda and BYD F0 listed earlier, which is fashionable and full of vigor.

　　The domestic new Alto’s wheelbase of 2340mm belongs to the middle and upper class among mini-cars, which is longer than that of Global Hawk Panda and BYD F0, and similar to that of Changan Benben of 2365mm. The body width of 1600mm is slightly narrower than that of competitors, and the height of 1470mm is basically the same as that of Panda and F0, and slightly shorter than that of Changan Benben.

Unique tail shape

The tailgate opening is slightly narrow and the trunk is shallow.

　　The shape of the rear part of the car body is unique, probably because the bumper is lifted to a higher position to protect the shorter car body, and the whole rear wall occupies about 2/5 of the rear of the car, which is very full. However, this design also brings inconvenience, that is, the opening of the tailgate becomes higher, and the fashionable three-dimensional crystal diamond combined taillights occupy a large area, which makes the opening of the tailgate narrow, the depth of the trunk is shallow, and it is difficult to enlarge something. The overall shape of the tail is avant-garde, and the logo of Changan Suzuki shows its domestic identity. The high-position brake lights are dotted on the small tail behind the roof, which not only attaches importance to safety but also does not lose fashion.

Design of front McPherson independent suspension and rear trailing arm independent suspension plus lateral stabilizer bar

　　In the aspect of suspension, the new Alto adopts the typical small car design of front McPherson independent suspension and rear trailing arm independent suspension plus lateral stabilizer bar, which saves cost and chassis space while ensuring certain comfort.

Alto adopts 155/65 R14 Jinhu tire and 8 aluminum alloy wheels

　　In terms of wheels, the new Alto high-profile model uses 14-inch 8 aluminum alloy wheels, which are fashionable in shape. 155/65 R14 Jinhu tire seems to be not very kind, and its main competitors are almost all 165 treads. The narrower tire reduces handling but has an advantage in fuel consumption.

　　Like domestic cars with the same price, New Alto is equipped with front disc and rear drum brakes, which is enough for cars with less than 1 ton.

　　Open the door and get into the car. Like Swift and SX4, the interior of the new Alto focuses on simple and fashionable routes, with the same color scheme as the mainstream sedan. The steering wheel shape makes people see at a glance that this is a Suzuki model, which is exactly the same as SX4 and Swift. It is made of PVC, but it looks very big in the petite cockpit of Alto, and it should be more harmonious if it can be designed with smaller points. The new Alto dashboard has a distinctive shape. The huge speedometer occupies the front of the driver’s line of sight. Under the orange background light, the automatic gear position is displayed, and all kinds of warning lights are arranged around the speedometer. On the LCD panel below, information such as clock, mileage and fuel gauge is integrated. The cancellation of the water thermometer shows Suzuki’s confidence in the product.

　　The highlight is the new Alto’s tachometer. On the dashboard in front of the driver’s line of sight on the left, a tachometer is independently designed, which is similar to BYD F0’s design, except that the new Alto’s instrument uses a red background light with a scarlet letter on a black background, which is very outstanding in modification style and adds features to the overall interior modeling.

　　Looking at the whole interior, the new Alto, as a joint venture model, has no outstanding advantages in terms of materials and equipment quality. Under the cost control, the overall level is close to that of domestic models. In terms of vehicle configuration, this experience is an automatic top-mounted vehicle. The gear shifting mechanism is the same as that of Swift, and the shape of the gear shifting base and handle is basically the same. Double airbags, ABS brakes, manual air conditioners, electric rearview mirrors, four-door electric windows with central door locks and remote control keys have become standard equipment for high-equipped vehicles, while four-speaker single-disc CD audio and AUX interface cater to the tastes of young people. The seat adopts manual 4-way adjustment, and the material is a combination of gray flannel and light leather material. In design, the front seat uses the integrated design of seat headrest and has the logo of ALTO, which makes it more comfortable to sit on, but the wrapping is not strong. The headrest of the rear seat is detachable, but the backrest is straight, so I’m afraid it’s uncomfortable to sit for a long time. The whole interior is mainly practical, and there are many necessary conveniences and equipment, while others can be saved. The interior made of plastic and flannel is basically in line with the market positioning of Alto, a mini car.

　　In terms of space, as long as the height is not higher than 185cm, the head space is still sufficient, while the leg space is slightly cramped. There is no problem in short-distance transportation in the city. If you are too tall for a long distance, you will feel bad.

　　It is understood that this car is a trial version of the model, and it is still quite different from the model listed later in the interior and engine compartment.

　　When the car is on fire when the sales are not available, I feel that the sound of ignition is fragile and light. During idling, the car vibrates very little. You even suspect that it uses a 3-cylinder engine, giving people the feeling of a high-end car. Suzuki K10B is really a good machine. Listen to the idling noise on the door. If the tachometer doesn’t point to 800 revolutions, I even doubt whether the engine is running. I found the secret of silence when I opened the hood. It turns out that the new Alto is there. On the nameplate below the car body, the engine power is written as 48Kw, and the compression ratio is reduced and adjusted compared with the previously publicized machine with 50Kw compression ratio of 11: 1. In order to adapt domestic Alto to the ration of 93rd gasoline, it is worthwhile to sacrifice some power.

Photo of old and new Alto

　　Due to the small space, I didn’t test drive for a short experience, but I was deeply impressed by the new Alto. Typical urban scooter and automatic transmission models are very suitable for shuttle in cities, and the 1.0L engine has obvious advantages in fuel consumption. In terms of energy saving and styling design, it has won the favor of many people. In September, the new Alto will be listed soon. In the highly competitive car market, the role of price guiding sales is very obvious. The new Alto has already occupied the absolute advantage of brand and reputation. So, can this old car sell well? Let’s wait for the price of the new Alto, and please continue to pay attention to Sohu Auto’s follow-up reports on the new Alto.

　　Copyright statement: This article is the exclusive manuscript of Sohu Auto, and the copyright belongs to Sohu Auto. It may not be reproduced without permission, and will be investigated once it is found.

　　

Continue reading »

On the evening of March 19th, the 2023 performance report was disclosed.

In 2023, the operating income reached 372.6 billion yuan, up 5.0% year-on-year, and the net profit returned to the mother reached 8.2 billion yuan, up 12% year-on-year, achieving double-digit increase for seven consecutive years; The return on net assets reached 5.1%, achieving a good level in recent years; The capital expenditure is 73.9 billion yuan, and the network investment shows an inflection point.

Over the past year, we have focused on the coordinated development of the two main businesses, successfully achieved effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, and laid a solid foundation for long-term development. Behind this is always solidly promoting the deepening of the strategic system, focusing on both scale growth and value enhancement.

Responsible for the main business, fruitful business performance has reached a new high.　　

In recent years, with the promotion of national policies,Data application promotion, etc., the number of Internet users continues to expand.,It has promoted emerging forms such as artificial intelligence and big data to continuously empower the development of traditional industries.,The continuous emergence of industrial digital integration application results has promoted the continuous release of data traffic market demand. As a leading enterprise in the field of communication, it has ushered in broad development opportunities.

Under the wave of digital economy development,Actively embrace the strategic opportunities brought by the same frequency resonance between Chinese modernization and the new generation of digital revolution.In 2023, innovation and transformation will continue to deepen. The business of computing network and intelligence realized a revenue of 75.2 billion yuan, which brought more than half of the new income to the company.

Among them, "Unicom Cloud" business continued to grow steadily, achieving a revenue of 51 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41.6%. The sales of cloud resources exceeded one million cores, a year-on-year increase of 186%, and the coverage of cloud resources has exceeded 230 cities. In 2023, innovations were made in technological innovation and ecological co-construction, the level of independent research and development was further improved, and the dual-engine bases of "virtualization" and "cloud native" were continuously optimized. More than 3,300 sets of self-developed operating system CULinux2.2 were deployed.

With the empowerment of 5G technology, the large-scale development of digital intelligence applications has also achieved remarkable results. There are 30,000 application projects in the 5G industry, covering 71 categories of the national economy, serving over 8,500 customers of 5G private networks, and forming a leading edge in key industries such as industrial Internet, digital government and car networking.

In the 2024 work conference, it was pointed out that it is necessary to solidly promote high-level security. In the past year, we focused on key directions such as network security, data security and information security, and strengthened the strategic business layout of big security. Not only did it build the first digital security operation center for super-large cities in China for customers, but it also landed more than 50 benchmark projects, and actively promoted open cooperation in security ecology, supporting the growth of network security income by 120% year-on-year.

Today, the industry share of data services has exceeded 50% for five consecutive years, leading the industry. With the rapid development of the network intelligence service, the network communication service has also made steady progress.

In 2023, the revenue of networked communication business was 244.6 billion yuan, and the scale of connection was further expanded, with more than 1 billion networked communication users, an increase of about 140 million compared with the end of 2022. Among them, the number of mobile users reached 333 million. In 2023, the net increase of users increased by 90% year-on-year, and the penetration rate of 5G package users also increased by 12 percentage points to 78% compared with last year. The "basic disk" was further consolidated.

Scientific and technological innovation speeds up and the dividend level reaches a record high.

This year’s government work report not only clearly puts forward "vigorously developing the digital economy", but also puts forward clear requirements for "accelerating the development of new quality productive forces" and "promoting industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation". As one of the three major operators, it is timely and timely to develop new quality productivity.

It is said that the field of artificial intelligence has become an important strategic direction. The company is accelerating the layout of emerging industries of artificial intelligence, combining its advantages in computing network infrastructure, rich business scenarios and extensive customer contacts, and making efforts to create a large model development and application paradigm with Unicom characteristics. At the Mobile World Congress, the "Yuanjing" large model system was launched, and multi-parameter versions were arranged according to different functional requirements to promote the large model to better empower the real economy application scenarios. Relevant achievements were selected as "Wu Wenjun Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology Award", and the innovation ability was further enhanced.

At the same time, it is emphasized that the overall layout of satellite communication will be further accelerated in the later period, and the industrialization and systematic development of integrated communication between heaven and earth will be actively promoted.

In 2023, we will actively promote key core technology research, focus on promoting industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, and continuously enhance core competitiveness. During the year, 2,287 patents were granted, up 37% year-on-year, and attention was paid to the construction of scientific and technological innovation talents, whose proportion reached 40%. Standing at a new starting point, scientific and technological innovation has been further intensified, and it has actively become a national strategic scientific and technological force and a "vanguard" for developing new quality productive forces.

With the arrival of the computing power era, the long-term prospects of the company are further optimistic by investors. It also actively gives back to the trust and support of investors. The annual report shows that in 2023, the final dividend per share will be 0.0524 yuan (including tax), together with the already distributed interim dividend of 0.0796 yuan per share, and the total annual dividend per share will be 0.132 yuan, up 21.1% year-on-year, significantly higher than the growth of basic earnings per share of 11.5%, and the cash dividend level will reach a record high.

Talking about the key work in 2024, Chairman Chen Zhongyue said that he would persist in striving for progress while maintaining stability, and thoroughly implement the five strategies of strengthening enterprises through science and technology, talents, reform, digital intelligence and brand, and thoroughly implement the nine key action plans of networking communication development, computer network integration development, digital intelligence application development, internationalization development, big data innovation, artificial intelligence innovation, new digital infrastructure, high-quality service and network information security, and accelerate to become. We are confident that we will continue to maintain steady growth in operating income and double-digit growth in total profits.

　　On April 25th, 2024, the 18th auto china will officially open in Shunyi Pavilion of China International Exhibition Center. At that time, BYD will land at booth W106 in Hall W1, in which the lineup of Ocean Network will be exposed, and a number of brand-new models, such as Seal 06DM-i, Sea Lion 07EV and concept car OCEAN-M, will be unveiled hand in hand.

　　The new medium-sized car, Seal 06DM-i will be equipped with the latest technology.

　　Seal 06DM-i is a brand-new medium-sized car under BYD Ocean Network, which is positioned between destroyer 05 and seal DM-i.. It is reported that Seal 06DM-i will be equipped with BYD’s latest technology, and the chassis quality and safety control will be greatly improved. The sword refers to the joint venture fuel medium-sized car market.

　　Seal 06DM-i continues the marine aesthetic design, with a body size of 4830*1875*1495mm and a wheelbase of 2790mm, reaching the level of mainstream medium-sized cars; In terms of power, Seal 06DM-i will adopt a 1.5L engine and provide 120kW and 160kW motors.

　　Ocean Net’s first medium-sized pure electric SUV, Sea Lion 07EV is equipped with "Eye of God" high-order intelligent driving.

　　BYD Haishi 07EV is positioned as a "medium-sized urban smart electric SUV", which is based on BYD’s latest pure electric platform technology. It is the first medium-sized pure electric SUV of Ocean Net and the first model of Ocean Net’s brand-new Haishi IP. Sea lion 07EV combines the latest pure electric platform technology and forward-looking aesthetic thought, and integrates face value, safety, comfort, intelligence, performance and efficiency. At the same time, based on the advanced electronic and electrical architecture, Sea Lion 07EV adopts the advanced version of intelligent cockpit -DiLink 100 and the advanced intelligent driving assistance system of Eye of God -DiPilot 100, which brings users a full-scale intelligent travel experience.

　　BYD Sea Lion 07EV will further expand the product matrix of Ocean Net, strengthen the layout of Ocean Net in the field of high-value products, and meet the yearning and pursuit of more young consumers for high-quality driving life.

　　The industry’s first hatchback rear-drive pure electric steel gun, the world’s first show of OCEAN-M concept car.

　　The brand-new concept car OCEAN-M will also make its world debut. As the first rear-drive pure electric steel gun model in the industry, it has a brand-new advanced aesthetic design and is equipped with a brand-new pure electric platform. It is another masterpiece of BYD Ocean, which focuses on the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles, and deserves continuous attention.

　　Summary:

　　BYD Ocean Network brought a number of brand-new models to the Beijing Auto Show. Seal 06DM-i and Sea Lion 07EV will form a brand-new "Gemini", which will empower new experiences with the latest technology and become the most anticipated new energy vehicle at this Beijing Auto Show. OCEAN-M concept car will show the future charm of Ocean Network with the posture of seeing the future now. On April 25th, auto china BYD booth, let’s pay attention together!